礼敬世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者。

增支部

五集

第一个五十

第一品 学力品

1 简说经

如是我闻：一时，世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。在那里，世尊召唤比丘们说："诸比丘。"比丘们回答说："尊者。"世尊如是说：

"诸比丘，有这五种学力。是哪五种？信力、惭力、愧力、精进力、智慧力 - 这就是，诸比丘，五种学力。

因此，诸比丘，你们应当如是学习：'我们将具足信力这一学力，我们将具足惭力这一学力，我们将具足愧力这一学力，我们将具足精进力这一学力，我们将具足智慧力这一学力。'诸比丘，你们应当如是学习。"

世尊如是说。那些比丘对世尊所说欢喜随喜。第一经竟。

2 详说经

"诸比丘，有这五种学力。是哪五种？信力、惭力、愧力、精进力、智慧力。

什么是信力？在此，诸比丘，圣弟子有信心，相信如来的觉悟 -'这位世尊是阿罗汉、正等正觉、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。'这称为，诸比丘，信力。

什么是惭力？在此，诸比丘，圣弟子有惭耻心，对身恶行、语恶行、意恶行感到羞耻，对造作恶不善法感到羞耻。这称为，诸比丘，惭力。

什么是愧力？在此，诸比丘，圣弟子有愧惧心，对身恶行、语恶行、意恶行感到畏惧，对造作恶不善法感到畏惧。这称为，诸比丘，愧力。

什么是精进力？在此，诸比丘，圣弟子发起精进而住，为断除不善法，成就善法，具足力量，坚定精进，不舍善法的担子。这称为，诸比丘，精进力。

什么是智慧力？在此，诸比丘，圣弟子具有智慧，成就观察生灭的智慧，具足圣者的洞察力，能正确导向苦的止息。这称为，诸比丘，智慧力。这就是，诸比丘，五种学力。

因此，诸比丘，你们应当如是学习：'我们将具足信力这一学力，具足惭力（中略）具足智慧力这一学力。'诸比丘，你们应当如是学习。"第二经竟。

3 苦经

"诸比丘，具足五法的比丘，现世就住于苦中，有忧恼、有烦恼、有热恼，身坏命终后，当预期恶趣。是哪五法？在此，诸比丘，比丘无信心、无惭耻、无愧惧、懈怠、愚痴。诸比丘，具足这五法的比丘，现世就住于苦中，有忧恼、有烦恼、有热恼，身坏命终后，当预期恶趣。

诸比丘，具足五法的比丘，现世就住于乐中，无忧恼、无烦恼、无热恼，身坏命终后，当预期善趣。是哪五法？在此，诸比丘，比丘有信心、有惭耻、有愧惧、精进、有智慧。诸比丘，具足这五法的比丘，现世就住于乐中，无忧恼、无烦恼、无热恼，身坏命终后，当预期善趣。"第三经竟。

4 如所运经

"诸比丘，具足五法的比丘，如被运去般必堕地狱。是哪五法？在此，诸比丘，比丘无信心、无惭耻、无愧惧、懈怠、愚痴。诸比丘，具足这五法的比丘，如被运去般必堕地狱。

诸比丘，具足五法的比丘，如被运去般必生天界。是哪五法？在此，诸比丘，比丘有信心、有惭耻、有愧惧、精进、有智慧。诸比丘，具足这五法的比丘，如被运去般必生天界。"第四经竟。

5 学处经

"诸比丘，任何比丘或比丘尼舍弃学处而退转为低劣，他们在现世就会遭受五种应受呵责的指责。是哪五种？'你对善法没有信心，你对善法没有惭耻，你对善法没有愧惧，你对善法没有精进，你对善法没有智慧。'诸比丘，任何比丘或比丘尼舍弃学处而退转为低劣，他们在现世就会遭受这五种应受呵责的指责。

诸比丘，任何比丘或比丘尼虽然痛苦、忧愁，流泪哭泣，却能圆满清净地修习梵行，他们在现世就会获得五种值得赞叹的称赞。是哪五种？'你对善法有信心，你对善法有惭耻，你对善法有愧惧，你对善法有精进，你对善法有智慧。'诸比丘，任何比丘或比丘尼虽然痛苦、忧愁，流泪哭泣，却能圆满清净地修习梵行，他们在现世就会获得这五种值得赞叹的称赞。"第五经竟。

6 成就经

"诸比丘，只要对善法的信心存在，不善就不会成就。诸比丘，当信心消失，不信占据并安住时，那时不善就会成就。

诸比丘，只要对善法的惭耻存在，不善就不会成就。诸比丘，当惭耻消失，无惭占据并安住时，那时不善就会成就。

诸比丘，只要对善法的愧惧存在，不善就不会成就。诸比丘，当愧惧消失，无愧占据并安住时，那时不善就会成就。

诸比丘，只要对善法的精进存在，不善就不会成就。诸比丘，当精进消失，懈怠占据并安住时，那时不善就会成就。

诸比丘，只要对善法的智慧存在，不善就不会成就。诸比丘，当智慧消失，愚痴占据并安住时，那时不善就会成就。"第六经竟。

这些经文主要讲述了五种学力（信力、惭力、愧力、精进力、智慧力）的重要性，以及这些品质如何影响修行者的现世生活和来世果报。经文通过正面和反面的对比，强调了这些善法的重要性，同时也警示了失去这些品质的危险。

巴利语原版经文

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

Aṅguttaranikāyo

Pañcakanipātapāḷi

1. Paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ

1. Sekhabalavaggo

AN.5.1/ 1. Saṃkhittasuttaṃ

1. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, sekhabalāni. Katamāni pañca? Saddhābalaṃ, hirībalaṃ, ottappabalaṃ, vīriyabalaṃ, paññābalaṃ– imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca sekhabalāni.

　　 “Tasmātiha bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ– ‘saddhābalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalena, hirībalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalena, ottappabalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalena, vīriyabalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalena, paññābalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalenā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Paṭhamaṃ.

AN.5.2/ 2. Vitthatasuttaṃ

　　 2. “Pañcimāni bhikkhave, sekhabalāni. Katamāni pañca? Saddhābalaṃ, hirībalaṃ, ottappabalaṃ, vīriyabalaṃ, paññābalaṃ. Katamañca, bhikkhave, saddhābalaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ– ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, saddhābalaṃ.

　　 “Katamañca, bhikkhave, hirībalaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako hirimā hoti, hirīyati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, hirīyati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, hirībalaṃ.

　　 “Katamañca, bhikkhave, ottappabalaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako ottappī hoti, ottappati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, ottappati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ottappabalaṃ.

　　 “Katamañca, bhikkhave, vīriyabalaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, vīriyabalaṃ.

　　 “Katamañca, bhikkhave, paññābalaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paññābalaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca sekhabalāni.

　　 “Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘saddhābalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalena, hirībalena… ottappabalena vīriyabalena… paññābalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalenā’ti. Evañhi kho, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti. Dutiyaṃ.

AN.5.3/ 3. Dukkhasuttaṃ

　　 3. “Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ viharati savighātaṃ sa-upāyāsaṃ sapariḷāhaṃ, kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, kusīto hoti, duppañño hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ viharati savighātaṃ sa-upāyāsaṃ sapariḷāhaṃ, kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā.

　　 “Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṃ viharati avighātaṃ anupāyāsaṃ apariḷāhaṃ, kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugati pāṭikaṅkhā. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saddho hoti, hirīmā hoti, ottappī hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, paññavā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṃ viharati avighātaṃ anupāyāsaṃ apariḷāhaṃ, kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugati pāṭikaṅkhā”ti. Tatiyaṃ.

AN.5.4/ 4. Yathābhatasuttaṃ

　　 4. “Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti kusīto hoti duppañño hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.

　　 “Pañcahi bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saddho hoti, hirīmā hoti, ottappī hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, paññavā hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge”ti. Catutthaṃ.

AN.5.5/ 5. Sikkhāsuttaṃ

　　 5. “Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati, tassa diṭṭheva dhamme pañca sahadhammikā vādānupātā gārayhā ṭhānā āgacchanti. Katame pañca? Saddhāpi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu, hirīpi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappampi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyampi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu, paññāpi nāma te nāhosi kusalesu dhammesu. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati, tassa diṭṭheva dhamme ime pañca sahadhammikā vādānupātā gārayhā ṭhānā āgacchanti.

　　 “Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā sahāpi dukkhena sahāpi domanassena assumukho rudamāno paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, tassa diṭṭheva dhamme pañca sahadhammikā pāsaṃsā ṭhānā āgacchanti. Katame pañca? Saddhāpi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, hirīpi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappampi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyampi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu, paññāpi nāma te ahosi kusalesu dhammesu. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā sahāpi dukkhena sahāpi domanassena assumukho rudamāno paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati, tassa diṭṭheva dhamme ime pañca sahadhammikā pāsaṃsā ṭhānā āgacchantī”ti. Pañcamaṃ.

AN.5.6/ 6. Samāpattisuttaṃ

　　 6. “Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva saddhā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti kusalesu dhammesu. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, saddhā antarahitā hoti, asaddhiyaṃ pariyuṭṭhāya tiṭṭhati; atha akusalassa samāpatti hoti.

　　 “Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva hirī paccupaṭṭhitā hoti kusalesu dhammesu. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, hirī antarahitā hoti, ahirikaṃ pariyuṭṭhāya tiṭṭhati; atha akusalassa samāpatti hoti.

　　 “Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva ottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti kusalesu dhammesu. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, ottappaṃ antarahitaṃ hoti, anottappaṃ pariyuṭṭhāya tiṭṭhati; atha akusalassa samāpatti hoti.

　　 “Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva vīriyaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti kusalesu dhammesu. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, vīriyaṃ antarahitaṃ hoti, kosajjaṃ pariyuṭṭhāya tiṭṭhati; atha akusalassa samāpatti hoti.

　　 “Na tāva, bhikkhave, akusalassa samāpatti hoti yāva paññā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti kusalesu dhammesu. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, paññā antarahitā hoti, duppaññā pariyuṭṭhāya tiṭṭhati; atha akusalassa samāpatti hotī”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.