4 新比丘经

一时,佛陀住在舍卫城。当时,有一位新比丘在托钵饭后返回精舍,独自安静地坐着,在缝制袈裟的时候也不帮助其他比丘。

许多比丘来到佛陀面前,向佛陀礼敬后坐在一旁,告诉佛陀此事。佛陀派一位比丘去叫那位新比丘来。

当新比丘来到佛前,佛陀问他:"听说你托钵后独自坐着,不帮助其他比丘缝制袈裟,是真的吗?"

那比丘回答说:"世尊,我也在做自己的事。"

佛陀知道那位比丘的心意,告诉其他比丘:"不要责备这位比丘。他已经能轻易获得四禅的殊胜乐住,已经实现了善男子出家的最终目标,亲证了梵行的究竟。"

佛陀接着说偈:

"不以松懈之心,

不以微弱之力,

方能证得涅槃,

解脱一切苦痛。

这年轻比丘,

此最上丈夫,

已降伏魔军,

此为最后身。"

5 善生经

佛陀见到善生尊者从远处走来,告诉比丘们:"这位善男子两方面都很出色 - 他不仅相貌端正,而且已经实现了出家的究竟目标。"

佛陀说偈:

"此比丘光辉灿烂,

心意正直无染,

已离系缚解脱,

无取著而寂灭。

此为最后之身,

已降伏魔军众。"

6 矮小跋提经

佛陀见到矮小跋提尊者走来,问比丘们是否看到那位相貌丑陋、被其他比丘轻视的比丘。佛陀说他具有大神通力,已证得难得的禅定境界。

佛陀说偈:

"天鹅孔雀与大象,

鹿群都畏惧狮子,

虽体型各不相同。

人间亦复如是,

少年若具智慧,

即为真正伟大,

非徒具大身躯。"

7 毗舍佉经

一时,佛陀住在毗舍离大林重阁讲堂。毗舍佉·般遮罗子以优美流畅的语言向比丘们说法,启发鼓励他们。

佛陀赞叹说:"善哉!善哉!毗舍佉。"

并说偈:

"不言不语时,

智者混愚人,

开口说法时,

方显不死道。

当说光显法,

高举仙人幢,

善说为仙幢,

法即仙人幢。"

这些经文主要讲述了几位杰出比丘的故事,强调了内在修证的重要性超过外在形象。

巴利语原版经文

SN.21.4. Navasuttaṃ

　　 238. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro navo bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisitvā appossukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyati, na bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karoti cīvarakārasamaye. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “idha bhante, aññataro navo bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisitvā appossukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyati, na bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karoti cīvarakārasamaye”ti.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi– “ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena taṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantehi ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso, āmantetī’”ti. “Evaṃ bhante”ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca– “satthā taṃ, āvuso, āmantetī”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho so bhikkhu tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ bhikkhuṃ bhagavā etadavoca– “saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisitvā appossukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyasi, na bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karosi cīvarakārasamaye”ti? “Ahampi kho, bhante, sakaṃ kiccaṃ karomī”ti.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā tassa bhikkhuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya bhikkhū āmantesi– “mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave, etassa bhikkhuno ujjhāyittha. Eso kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukha-vihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, yassa catthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariya-pariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

　　 “Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbha, nayidaṃ appena thāmasā;

　　 Nibbānaṃ adhigantabbaṃ, sabbadukkhappamocanaṃ.

　　 “Ayañca daharo bhikkhu, ayamuttamapuriso;

　　 Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhinin”ti. Catutthaṃ.

SN.21.5. Sujātasuttaṃ

　　 239. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho āyasmā sujāto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sujātaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi– “ubhayenevāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputto sobhati– yañca abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, yassa catthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjanti tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā …pe… satthā–

　　 “Sobhati vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, ujubhūtena cetasā;

　　 Vippayutto visaṃyutto, anupādāya nibbuto.

　　 Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhinin”ti. Pañcamaṃ.

SN.21.6. Lakuṇḍakabhaddiyasuttaṃ

　　 240. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho āyasmā lakuṇḍakabhaddiyo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ lakuṇḍakabhaddiyaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi– “passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, etaṃ bhikkhuṃ āgacchantaṃ dubbaṇṇaṃ duddasikaṃ okoṭimakaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ paribhūtarūpan”ti? “Evaṃ, bhante”. “Eso kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo, na ca sā samāpatti sulabharūpā yā tena bhikkhunā asamāpannapubbā. Yassa catthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā …pe… satthā–

　　 “Haṃsā koñcā mayūrā ca, hatthayo pasadā migā;

　　 Sabbe sīhassa bhāyanti, natthi kāyasmiṃ tulyatā.

　　 “Evameva manussesu, daharo cepi paññavā;

　　 So hi tattha mahā hoti, neva bālo sarīravā”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

SN.21.7. Visākhasuttaṃ

　　 241. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā visākho pañcālaputto upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti, poriyā vācāya vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā pariyāpannāya anissitāya.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena upaṭṭhānasālā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “ko nu kho, bhikkhave, upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti poriyā vācāya vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā pariyāpannāya anissitāyā”ti? “Āyasmā, bhante, visākho pañcālaputto upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti, poriyā vācāya vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā pariyāpannāya anissitāyā”ti.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ visākhaṃ pañcālaputtaṃ āmantesi– “sādhu sādhu, visākha, sādhu kho tvaṃ, visākha, bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi …pe… atthassa viññāpaniyā pariyāpannāya anissitāyā”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

　　 “Nābhāsamānaṃ jānanti, missaṃ bālehi paṇḍitaṃ;

　　 Bhāsamānañca jānanti, desentaṃ amataṃ padaṃ.

　　 “Bhāsaye jotaye dhammaṃ, paggaṇhe isinaṃ dhajaṃ;

　　 Subhāsitadhajā isayo, dhammo hi isinaṃ dhajo”ti. Sattamaṃ.