相应部15相应7经到16经 (因缘相应/因缘篇/修多罗)

7 弟子经

佛陀住在舍卫城。那时，众多比丘来到世尊处...坐在一旁后，这些比丘对世尊如是说："尊者，已经过去了多少劫？"

"比丘们，已经过去了许多劫。这些劫难以计数——究竟有多少劫，或有多少百劫，或有多少千劫，或有多少十万劫。"

"尊者，能否打个比方？"

"可以，比丘们，"世尊说道。"比丘们，假设有四位寿命百岁的弟子，他们每天都能忆念十万劫。即使这样，在他们活了一百岁后命终时，仍有许多劫未被忆念。如此之多的劫已经过去，难以计数——究竟有多少劫，或有多少百劫，或有多少千劫，或有多少十万劫。为什么呢？因为轮回无始...足以令人解脱。"

8 恒河经

佛陀住在王舍城竹林精舍。那时，有一位婆罗门来到世尊处。来到后，与世尊互相问候。寒暄问候后，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的婆罗门对世尊如是说："尊敬的乔达摩，已经过去了多少劫？"

"婆罗门，已经过去了许多劫。这些劫难以计数——究竟有多少劫，或有多少百劫，或有多少千劫，或有多少十万劫。"

"尊敬的乔达摩，能否打个比方？"

"可以，婆罗门，"世尊说道。"婆罗门，就像从恒河发源处到入海处之间的沙粒，难以计数——究竟有多少沙粒，或有多少百沙粒，或有多少千沙粒，或有多少十万沙粒。已经过去的劫比那还要多。这些劫难以计数。为什么呢？因为轮回无始。被无明所覆、被爱欲所系的众生，在轮回中流转，其始点不可知。婆罗门，众生长久以来经历如此多的痛苦、忧患、灾难，尸骨堆积。婆罗门，这足以令人对一切行厌离、离欲、解脱。"

听闻此言，那婆罗门对世尊说："殊胜啊，乔达摩尊者！...请世尊接受我为优婆塞，从今日起终生皈依。"

9 木棒经

佛陀住在舍卫城...："比丘们，轮回无始。被无明所覆、被爱欲所系的众生，在轮回中流转，其始点不可知。比丘们，就像抛向空中的木棒，有时以根部落地，有时以中部落地，有时以顶端落地。同样地，被无明所覆、被爱欲所系的众生在轮回中流转，有时从此世去他世，有时从他世来此世。为什么呢？因为轮回无始...足以令人解脱。"

10 人经

有一次，世尊住在王舍城的灵鹫山。在那里，世尊召唤比丘们说："比丘们。"比丘们回答说："尊者。"世尊如是说：

"比丘们，轮回无始...如果一个人在轮回中流转一劫，他的骨骸堆积起来会像毗富罗山那么高，假设有人来收集，而且收集的骨骸不会腐烂。为什么呢？因为轮回无始...足以令人解脱。"

世尊说了这些，善逝又进一步说：

"一个人在一劫中的骨骸堆积，

会像山一样高，大仙如是说。

这座山被称为毗富罗，

在摩揭陀国的王舍城北，灵鹫山之上。

当一个人以正慧见四圣谛：

苦、苦之集、苦之灭、

及八正道——趣向苦灭之道，

他最多七次往返，

便能断尽一切结，成为苦的终结者。"

这是第十经。第一品结束。

以下是第一品的摘要

草木、大地、眼泪、牛奶、山、

芥子、弟子、恒河、木棒和人。

第二品

11 贫困经

有一次，世尊住在舍卫城。在那里，世尊召唤比丘们...世尊如是说："比丘们，轮回无始。被无明所覆、被爱欲所系的众生，在轮回中流转，其始点不可知。比丘们，当你们看到一个贫困、不幸的人时，你们应当下定论：'在这漫长的轮回中，我们也曾经历过这样的状况。'为什么呢？...足以令人对一切行厌离、离欲、解脱。"

12 幸福经

佛陀住在舍卫城...："比丘们，轮回无始...当你们看到一个幸福、富裕的人时，你们应当下定论：'在这漫长的轮回中，我们也曾经历过这样的状况。'为什么呢？因为轮回无始...足以令人解脱。"

13 三十比丘经

佛陀住在王舍城竹林精舍。那时，大约三十位来自波婆的比丘——全都是林居者、托钵者、穿粪扫衣者、只持三衣者，但都还有结缚（烦恼）——来到世尊处...世尊心想："这些比丘都还有结缚。让我为他们说法，使他们就在此座上能使心从诸漏中解脱。"于是世尊对比丘们说：

"比丘们，轮回无始...你们认为如何，在这漫长的轮回中，当你们流转、轮回时，被斩首流出的血液更多，还是四大海洋中的水更多？"

"尊者，依我们对世尊所说法义的理解，在这漫长的轮回中，当我们流转、轮回时，被斩首流出的血液更多，而非四大海洋中的水。"

"善哉，比丘们！你们很好地理解了我所说的法。确实，在这漫长的轮回中，你们被斩首流出的血液更多...你们长久以来作为牛、水牛、羊、山羊、鹿、鸡、猪时被斩首所流的血，作为盗贼、强盗、奸夫而被抓获时被斩首所流的血，比四大海洋中的水更多。为什么呢？因为轮回无始...足以令人解脱。"

世尊说此法时，这三十位波婆比丘的心从诸漏中解脱。

14 母亲经

佛陀住在舍卫城...："比丘们，轮回无始...在这漫长的轮回中，很难找到一个众生不曾做过你们的母亲。为什么呢？因为轮回无始...足以令人解脱。"

15 父亲经

佛陀住在舍卫城...："比丘们，轮回无始...在这漫长的轮回中，很难找到一个众生不曾做过你们的父亲...足以令人解脱。"

16 兄弟经

佛陀住在舍卫城...："在这漫长的轮回中，很难找到一个众生不曾做过你们的兄弟...足以令人解脱。"

巴利语原版经文

7/(7). Sāvakasuttaṃ

　　 130. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā …pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “kīvabahukā nu kho, bhante, kappā abbhatītā atikkantā”ti? “Bahukā kho, bhikkhave kappā abbhatītā atikkantā. Te na sukarā saṅkhātuṃ– ‘ettakā kappā iti vā, ettakāni kappasatāni iti vā, ettakāni kappasahassāni iti vā, ettakāni kappasatasahassāni iti vā’”ti.

　　 “Sakkā pana, bhante, upamaṃ kātun”ti? “Sakkā, bhikkhave”ti bhagavā avoca. “Idhassu, bhikkhave, cattāro sāvakā vassasatāyukā vassasatajīvino. Te divase divase kappasatasahassaṃ kappasatasahassaṃ anussareyyuṃ. Ananussaritāva bhikkhave, tehi kappā assu, atha kho te cattāro sāvakā vassasatāyukā vassasatajīvino vassasatassa accayena kālaṃ kareyyuṃ. Evaṃ bahukā kho, bhikkhave, kappā abbhatītā atikkantā. Te na sukarā saṅkhātuṃ– ‘ettakā kappā iti vā, ettakāni kappasatāni iti vā, ettakāni kappasahassāni iti vā, ettakāni kappasatasahassāni iti vā’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Sattamaṃ.

8/(8). Gaṅgāsuttaṃ

　　 131. Rājagahe viharati veḷuvane. Atha kho aññataro brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “kīvabahukā nu kho, bho gotama, kappā abbhatītā atikkantā”ti? “Bahukā kho, brāhmaṇa, kappā abbhatītā atikkantā. Te na sukarā saṅkhātuṃ– ‘ettakā kappā iti vā, ettakāni kappasatāni iti vā, ettakāni kappasahassāni iti vā, ettakāni kappasatasahassāni iti vā’”ti.

　　 “Sakkā pana, bho gotama, upamaṃ kātun”ti? “Sakkā, brāhmaṇā”ti bhagavā avoca. “Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, yato cāyaṃ gaṅgā nadī pabhavati yattha ca mahāsamuddaṃ appeti, yā etasmiṃ antare vālikā sā na sukarā saṅkhātuṃ– ‘ettakā vālikā iti vā, ettakāni vālikasatāni iti vā, ettakāni vālikasahassāni iti vā, ettakāni vālikasatasahassāni iti vā’ti. Tato bahutarā kho, brāhmaṇa, kappā abbhatītā atikkantā. Te na sukarā saṅkhātuṃ– ‘ettakā kappā iti vā, ettakāni kappasatāni iti vā, ettakāni kappasahassāni iti vā, ettakāni kappasatasahassāni iti vā’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, brāhmaṇa, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Evaṃ dīgharattaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, dukkhaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ tibbaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ byasanaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ, kaṭasī vaḍḍhitā. Yāvañcidaṃ brāhmaṇa, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ, alaṃ virajjituṃ, alaṃ vimuccitun”ti.

　　 Evaṃ vutte, so brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

9/(9). Daṇḍasuttaṃ

　　 132. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, daṇḍo uparivehāsaṃ khitto sakimpi mūlena nipatati, sakimpi majjhena nipatati, sakimpi antena nipatati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, avijjānīvaraṇā sattā taṇhāsaṃyojanā sandhāvantā saṃsarantā sakimpi asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ gacchanti, sakimpi parasmā lokā imaṃ lokaṃ āgacchanti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Navamaṃ.

10/(10). Puggalasuttaṃ

　　 133. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… ekapuggalassa, bhikkhave, kappaṃ sandhāvato saṃsarato siyā evaṃ mahā aṭṭhikaṅkalo aṭṭhipuñjo aṭṭhirāsi yathāyaṃ vepullo pabbato, sace saṃhārako assa, sambhatañca na vinasseyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

　　 “Ekassekena kappena, puggalassaṭṭhisañcayo;

　　 Siyā pabbatasamo rāsi, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā.

　　 “So kho panāyaṃ akkhāto, vepullo pabbato mahā;

　　 Uttaro gijjhakūṭassa, magadhānaṃ giribbaje.

　　 “Yato ca ariyasaccāni, sammappaññāya passati;

　　 Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ.

　　 Ariyaṃ caṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.

　　 “Sa sattakkhattuṃparamaṃ, sandhāvitvāna puggalo;

　　 Dukkhassantakaro hoti, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayā”ti. Dasamaṃ.

　　 Paṭhamo vaggo.

　　 Tassuddānaṃ–

　　 Tiṇakaṭṭhañca pathavī, assu khīrañca pabbataṃ;

　　 Sāsapā sāvakā gaṅgā, daṇḍo ca puggalena cāti.

2. Dutiyavaggo

11/(1). Duggatasuttaṃ

　　 134. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhu āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca– “anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, passeyyātha duggataṃ durūpetaṃ niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ– ‘amhehipi evarūpaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ iminā dīghena addhunā’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu …pe… yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ alaṃ virajjituṃ alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

12/(2). Sukhitasuttaṃ

　　 135. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… yaṃ, bhikkhave, passeyyātha sukhitaṃ susajjitaṃ, niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ– ‘amhehipi evarūpaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ iminā dīghena addhunā’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Dutiyaṃ.

13/(3). Tiṃsamattasuttaṃ

　　 136. Rājagahe viharati veḷuvane. Atha kho tiṃsamattā pāveyyakā bhikkhū sabbe āraññikā sabbe piṇḍapātikā sabbe paṃsukūlikā sabbe tecīvarikā sabbe sasaṃyojanā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi– “ime kho tiṃsamattā pāveyyakā bhikkhū sabbe āraññikā sabbe piṇḍapātikā sabbe paṃsukūlikā sabbe tecīvarikā sabbe sasaṃyojanā. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imesaṃ tathā dhammaṃ deseyyaṃ yathā nesaṃ imasmiṃyeva āsane anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucceyyun”ti. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vā vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, yaṃ vā catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakan”ti? “Yathā kho mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāma, etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ, yaṃ no iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakan”ti.

　　 “Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhave, sādhu kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha. Etadeva, bhikkhave, bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakaṃ. Dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, gunnaṃ sataṃ gobhūtānaṃ sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakaṃ. Dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, mahiṃsānaṃ sataṃ mahiṃsabhūtānaṃ sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ …pe… dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, urabbhānaṃ sataṃ urabbhabhūtānaṃ …pe… ajānaṃ sataṃ ajabhūtānaṃ… migānaṃ sataṃ migabhūtānaṃ… kukkuṭānaṃ sataṃ kukkuṭabhūtānaṃ… sūkarānaṃ sataṃ sūkarabhūtānaṃ… dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, corā gāmaghātāti gahetvā sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ. Dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, corā pāripanthikāti gahetvā sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ. Dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, corā pāradārikāti gahetvā sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti.

　　 “Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne tiṃsamattānaṃ pāveyyakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsū”ti. Tatiyaṃ.

14/(4). Mātusuttaṃ

　　 137. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… na so, bhikkhave, satto sulabharūpo yo namātābhūtapubbo iminā dīghena addhunā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Catutthaṃ.

15/(5). Pitusuttaṃ

　　 138. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… na so, bhikkhave, satto sulabharūpo yo napitābhūtapubbo …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Pañcamaṃ.

16/(6). Bhātusuttaṃ

　　 139. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “na so, bhikkhave, satto sulabharūpo yo nabhātābhūtapubbo …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.