相应部15相应1经到6经(因缘相应/因缘篇/修多罗)

无始相应

第一品

1 草木经

我是这样听说的:有一次,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。在那里,世尊对比丘们说:"比丘们。"那些比丘回答说:"尊者。"世尊说道:

"比丘们,这轮回是无始的。被无明所蒙蔽、被爱欲所束缚的众生,在轮回中流转,其最初的起点是不可知的。比丘们,假如有一个人把这阎浮提洲上所有的草、木、枝、叶都砍下来,集中在一起,做成四指长的小棍,然后把它们一根根放下去,说:'这是我的母亲,这是我母亲的母亲',比丘们,这个人的祖母们还没有用完,这阎浮提洲上的草木枝叶就已经用尽了。这是什么原因呢?比丘们,这轮回是无始的。被无明所蒙蔽、被爱欲所束缚的众生,在轮回中流转,其最初的起点是不可知的。比丘们,你们长久以来经历了如此多的痛苦、剧烈的痛苦、灾难,以至于尸骨堆积如山。比丘们,足以对一切有为法生厌,足以离欲,足以解脱。"

2 大地经

(世尊)住在舍卫城......(他说:)"比丘们,这轮回是无始的。被无明所蒙蔽、被爱欲所束缚的众生,在轮回中流转,其最初的起点是不可知的。比丘们,假如有一个人把这大地做成像枣核那么大的泥丸,然后把它们放下去,说:'这是我的父亲,这是我父亲的父亲',比丘们,这个人的祖父们还没有用完,这大地就已经用尽了。这是什么原因呢?比丘们,这轮回是无始的。被无明所蒙蔽、被爱欲所束缚的众生,在轮回中流转,其最初的起点是不可知的。比丘们,你们长久以来经历了如此多的痛苦、剧烈的痛苦、灾难,以至于尸骨堆积如山。比丘们,足以对一切有为法生厌,足以离欲,足以解脱。"

3 眼泪经

(世尊)住在舍卫城......(他说:)"比丘们,这轮回是无始的。被无明所蒙蔽、被爱欲所束缚的众生,在轮回中流转,其最初的起点是不可知的。比丘们,你们认为哪个更多:你们在这漫长的轮回中,因与不喜欢的结合、与喜欢的分离而哭泣流下的眼泪,还是四大海洋中的水?"

(比丘们回答:)"尊者,按照我们对世尊所教导的法的理解,我们在这漫长的轮回中,因与不喜欢的结合、与喜欢的分离而哭泣流下的眼泪更多,而不是四大海洋中的水。"

"很好,比丘们,很好。你们正确地理解了我所教导的法。比丘们,你们在这漫长的轮回中,因与不喜欢的结合、与喜欢的分离而哭泣流下的眼泪确实更多,而不是四大海洋中的水。比丘们,你们长久以来经历了母亲的死亡;你们因母亲的死亡,因与不喜欢的结合、与喜欢的分离而哭泣流下的眼泪,比四大海洋中的水还要多。比丘们,你们长久以来经历了父亲的死亡......兄弟的死亡......姐妹的死亡......儿子的死亡......女儿的死亡......亲戚的损失......财产的损失。比丘们,你们长久以来经历了疾病的痛苦;你们因疾病的痛苦,因与不喜欢的结合、与喜欢的分离而哭泣流下的眼泪,比四大海洋中的水还要多。这是什么原因呢?比丘们,这轮回是无始的......比丘们,足以对一切有为法生厌,足以离欲,足以解脱。"

4 母乳经

(世尊)住在舍卫城......(他说:)"比丘们,这轮回是无始的。被无明所蒙蔽、被爱欲所束缚的众生,在轮回中流转,其最初的起点是不可知的。比丘们,你们认为哪个更多:你们在这漫长的轮回中喝过的母乳,还是四大海洋中的水?"

(比丘们回答:)"尊者,按照我们对世尊所教导的法的理解,我们在这漫长的轮回中喝过的母乳更多,而不是四大海洋中的水。"

"很好,比丘们,很好。你们正确地理解了我所教导的法。比丘们,你们在这漫长的轮回中喝过的母乳确实更多,而不是四大海洋中的水。这是什么原因呢?比丘们,这轮回是无始的......足以解脱。"

5 山经

(世尊)住在舍卫城......园中。那时,有一位比丘来到世尊那里,向世尊致敬后,坐在一旁。坐下后,那位比丘对世尊说:"尊者,一劫有多长?"

"比丘,一劫很长。不容易计算出有多少年,多少百年,多少千年,或多少十万年。"

"尊者,能用比喻来说明吗?"

"可以,比丘,"世尊说。"比丘,假设有一座巨大的岩石山,长一由旬,宽一由旬,高一由旬,没有裂缝,没有孔洞,是一整块。如果有一个人每一百年用一块迦尸布擦拭一次,那座巨大的岩石山会因这种方法而更快地耗尽,而不是一劫。比丘,一劫就是这么长。比丘,这样长的劫数,不只是一劫已经过去,不只是一百劫已经过去,不只是一千劫已经过去,不只是十万劫已经过去。这是什么原因呢?比丘,这轮回是无始的。最初的起点......比丘,足以对一切有为法生厌,足以离欲,足以解脱。"

6 芥子经

(世尊)住在舍卫城。那时,有一位比丘来到世尊那里......坐在一旁。坐下后,那位比丘对世尊说:"尊者,一劫有多长?"

"比丘,一劫很长。不容易计算出有多少年......或多少十万年。"

"尊者,能用比喻来说明吗?"

"可以,比丘,"世尊说。"比丘,假设有一座铁城,长一由旬,宽一由旬,高一由旬,装满了芥子,紧密地堆积着。如果有一个人每一百年取出一粒芥子,那堆巨大的芥子会因这种方法而更快地耗尽,而不是一劫。比丘,一劫就是这么长。比丘,这样长的劫数,不只是一劫已经过去,不只是一百劫已经过去,不只是一千劫已经过去,不只是十万劫已经过去。这是什么原因呢?比丘,这轮回是无始的......足以解脱。"

巴利语原版经文

15.(4). Anamataggasaṃyuttaṃ

1. Paṭhamavaggo

1/(1). Tiṇakaṭṭhasuttaṃ

　　 124. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso yaṃ imasmiṃ jambudīpe tiṇakaṭṭhasākhāpalāsaṃ taṃ chetvā ekajjhaṃ saṃharitvā caturaṅgulaṃ caturaṅgulaṃ ghaṭikaṃ katvā nikkhipeyya – ‘ayaṃ me mātā, tassā me mātu ayaṃ mātā’ti, apariyādinnāva bhikkhave, tassa purisassa mātumātaro assu, atha imasmiṃ jambudīpe tiṇakaṭṭhasākhāpalāsaṃ parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Evaṃ dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ tibbaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ byasanaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ, kaṭasī vaḍḍhitā. Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ alaṃ virajjituṃ alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

2/(2). Pathavīsuttaṃ

　　 125. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ kolaṭṭhimattaṃ kolaṭṭhimattaṃ mattikāguḷikaṃ karitvā nikkhipeyya– ‘ayaṃ me pitā, tassa me pitu ayaṃ pitā’ti, apariyādinnāva bhikkhave, tassa purisassa pitupitaro assu, athāyaṃ mahāpathavī parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Evaṃ dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ tibbaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ byasanaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ, kaṭasī vaḍḍhitā. Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ, alaṃ virajjituṃ, alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Dutiyaṃ.

3/(3). Assusuttaṃ

　　 126. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vā vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ amanāpasampayogā manāpavippayogā kandantānaṃ rodantānaṃ assu passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, yaṃ vā catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakan”ti? “Yathā kho mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāma, etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ yaṃ no iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ amanāpasampayogā manāpavippayogā kandantānaṃ rodantānaṃ assu passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakan”ti.

　　 “Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhave, sādhu kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha. Etadeva, bhikkhave, bahutaraṃ yaṃ vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ amanāpasampayogā manāpavippayogā kandantānaṃ rodantānaṃ assu passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakaṃ. Dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, mātumaraṇaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ; tesaṃ vā mātumaraṇaṃ paccanubhontānaṃ amanāpasampayogā manāpavippayogā kandantānaṃ rodantānaṃ assu passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakaṃ. Dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, pitumaraṇaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ …pe… bhātumaraṇaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ… bhaginimaraṇaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ… puttamaraṇaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ… dhītumaraṇaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ… ñātibyasanaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ… bhogabyasanaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ. Dīgharattaṃ vo, bhikkhave rogabyasanaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ, tesaṃ vo rogabyasanaṃ paccanubhontānaṃ amanāpasampayogā manāpavippayogā kandantānaṃ rodantānaṃ assu passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ, alaṃ virajjituṃ, alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Tatiyaṃ.

4/(4). Khīrasuttaṃ

　　 127. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vā vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ mātuthaññaṃ pītaṃ, yaṃ vā catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakan”ti? “Yathā kho mayaṃ bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāma, etadeva, bhante, bahutaraṃ yaṃ no iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ mātuthaññaṃ pītaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakan”ti.

　　 “Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhave, sādhu kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha. Etadeva, bhikkhave, bahutaraṃ yaṃ vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ mātuthaññaṃ pītaṃ, na tveva catūsu mahāsamuddesu udakaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Catutthaṃ.

5/(5). Pabbatasuttaṃ

　　 128. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… ārāme. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “kīvadīgho nu kho, bhante, kappo”ti? “Dīgho kho, bhikkhu, kappo. So na sukaro saṅkhātuṃ ettakāni vassāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasatāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasahassāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasatasahassāni iti vā”ti.

　　 “Sakkā pana, bhante, upamaṃ kātun”ti? “Sakkā, bhikkhū”ti bhagavā avoca. “Seyyathāpi bhikkhu, mahāselo pabbato yojanaṃ āyāmena yojanaṃ vitthārena yojanaṃ ubbedhena acchinno asusiro ekagghano. Tamenaṃ puriso vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena kāsikena vatthena sakiṃ sakiṃ parimajjeyya. Khippataraṃ kho so, bhikkhu, mahāselo pabbato iminā upakkamena parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya na tveva kappo. Evaṃ dīgho, bhikkhu, kappo. Evaṃ dīghānaṃ kho, bhikkhu kappānaṃ neko kappo saṃsito, nekaṃ kappasataṃ saṃsitaṃ, nekaṃ kappasahassaṃ saṃsitaṃ, nekaṃ kappasatasahassaṃ saṃsitaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhu, saṃsāro. Pubbā koṭi …pe… yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhu, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ, alaṃ virajjituṃ, alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Pañcamaṃ.

6/(6). Sāsapasuttaṃ

　　 129. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā …pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “kīvadīgho, nu kho, bhante, kappo”ti? “Dīgho kho, bhikkhu, kappo. So na sukaro saṅkhātuṃ ettakāni vassāni iti vā …pe… ettakāni vassasatasahassāni iti vā”ti.

　　 “Sakkā pana, bhante, upamaṃ kātun”ti? “Sakkā, bhikkhū”ti bhagavā avoca. “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, āyasaṃ nagaraṃ yojanaṃ āyāmena yojanaṃ vitthārena yojanaṃ ubbedhena, puṇṇaṃ sāsapānaṃ guḷikābaddhaṃ. Tato puriso vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena ekamekaṃ sāsapaṃ uddhareyya. Khippataraṃ kho so, bhikkhu mahāsāsaparāsi iminā upakkamena parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya, na tveva kappo. Evaṃ dīgho kho, bhikkhu, kappo. Evaṃ dīghānaṃ kho, bhikkhu, kappānaṃ neko kappo saṃsito, nekaṃ kappasataṃ saṃsitaṃ, nekaṃ kappasahassaṃ saṃsitaṃ, nekaṃ kappasatasahassaṃ saṃsitaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhu, saṃsāro …pe… alaṃ vimuccitun”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.