相应部12相应26经到28经(因缘相应/因缘篇/修多罗)

26.优波婆那经

[世尊]住在舍卫城。这时，尊者优波婆那来到世尊处，礼敬世尊后，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者优波婆那对世尊如是说：

"大德，有些沙门婆罗门宣称苦是自作的。大德，有些沙门婆罗门则宣称苦是他作的。大德，还有些沙门婆罗门宣称苦既是自作也是他作的。大德，还有些沙门婆罗门宣称苦既非自作也非他作，而是偶然生起的。在这里，大德，世尊是何种论者？如何宣说？我们应如何回答才能如实地表达世尊的观点，不会错误地曲解世尊，如法地解释法，使得任何如法的批评者不会找到可责难之处？"

[世尊答道：]"优波婆那，我说苦是缘起的。缘于什么？缘于触。如此说的人就能如实地表达我的观点，不会错误地曲解我，如法地解释法，任何如法的批评者也不会找到可责难之处。

优波婆那，那些宣称苦是自作的沙门婆罗门，那也是缘于触。那些宣称苦是他作的...那些宣称苦既是自作也是他作的...那些宣称苦既非自作也非他作而是偶然生起的沙门婆罗门，那也是缘于触。

优波婆那，那些宣称苦是自作的沙门婆罗门，他们离开触而感受[苦]，这是不可能的。那些宣称苦是他作的...那些宣称苦既是自作也是他作的...那些宣称苦既非自作也非他作而是偶然生起的沙门婆罗门，他们离开触而感受[苦]，这是不可能的。"

27.缘经

[世尊]住在舍卫城...（省略）..."诸比丘，缘于无明有行；缘于行有识...如是这整个苦蕴集起。

诸比丘，什么是老死？对于各种众生，在各种众生群中，[有]衰老、朽迈、牙齿损坏、头发斑白、皮肤皱褶、寿命损减、诸根衰败，这称为老。对于各种众生，从各种众生群中，[有]死亡、逝世、破灭、消失、命终、死亡、寿终、诸蕴分离、身体弃舍；这称为死。如是这老与这死，这称为老死。缘生而有老死集起；由生灭则有老死灭。这八支圣道是导向老死灭的道路，即：正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。

诸比丘，什么是生...(中略)...什么是有...什么是取...什么是爱...什么是受...什么是触...什么是六入处...什么是名色...什么是识...？

诸比丘，什么是诸行？诸比丘，有三种行：身行、语行、心行。这些称为诸行。缘无明集而有诸行集；由无明灭则有诸行灭。这八支圣道是导向诸行灭的道路，即：正见...乃至...正定。

诸比丘，当圣弟子如是了知缘，如是了知缘集，如是了知缘灭，如是了知导向缘灭的道路时，这称为圣弟子具足见，具足观，已到达此正法，见此正法，具有有学智，具有有学明，已入法流，是具洞察慧的圣者，正立于不死之门。"

28.比丘经

[世尊]住在舍卫城...（省略）...在这里，诸比丘，比丘了知老死，了知老死集，了知老死灭，了知导向老死灭的道路，了知生...(中略)...了知有...了知取...了知爱...了知受...了知触...了知六入处...了知名色...了知识...了知诸行，了知诸行集，了知诸行灭，了知导向诸行灭的道路。

诸比丘，什么是老死？对于各种众生，在各种众生群中，[有]衰老、朽迈、牙齿损坏、头发斑白、皮肤皱褶、寿命损减、诸根衰败，这称为老。对于各种众生，从各种众生群中，[有]死亡、逝世、破灭、消失、命终、死亡、寿终、诸蕴分离、身体弃舍；这称为死。如是这老与这死，这称为老死。缘生而有老死集起；由生灭则有老死灭。这八支圣道是导向老死灭的道路，即：正见...乃至...正定。

诸比丘，什么是生...(中略)...什么是有...什么是取...什么是受...什么是触...什么是六入处...什么是名色...什么是识...？

诸比丘，什么是诸行？诸比丘，有三种行：身行、语行、心行。这些称为诸行。缘无明集而有诸行集；由无明灭则有诸行灭。这八支圣道是导向诸行灭的道路，即：正见...乃至...正定。

诸比丘，当比丘如是了知老死，如是了知老死集，如是了知老死灭，如是了知导向老死灭的道路，如是了知生...(中略)...有...取...爱...受...触...六入处...名色...识...诸行...诸行集...诸行灭...如是了知导向诸行灭的道路时，这称为比丘具足见，具足观，已到达此正法，见此正法，具有有学智，具有有学明，已入法流，是具洞察慧的圣者，正立于不死之门。"

这三篇经文主要讨论了缘起法和苦的本质，强调了对缘起法的正确理解对于解脱的重要性。

巴利语原版经文

26/(6). Upavāṇasuttaṃ

　　 26. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho āyasmā upavāṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā upavāṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca

　　 “Santi, bhante, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sayaṃkataṃ dukkhaṃ paññapenti. Santi pana, bhante, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā paraṃkataṃ dukkhaṃ paññapenti. Santi pana, bhante, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sayaṃkatañca paraṃkatañca dukkhaṃ paññapenti. Santi pana, bhante, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ dukkhaṃ paññapenti. Idha no, bhante, bhagavā kiṃvādī kimakkhāyī kathaṃ byākaramānā ca mayaṃ vuttavādino ceva bhagavato assāma, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkheyyāma, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākareyyāma, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānupāto gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgaccheyyā”ti?

　　 “Paṭiccasamuppannaṃ kho, upavāṇa, dukkhaṃ vuttaṃ mayā. Kiṃ paṭicca? Phassaṃ paṭicca. Iti vadaṃ vuttavādī ceva me assa, na ca maṃ abhūtena abbhācikkheyya, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākareyya, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānupāto gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgaccheyya.

　　 “Tatra, upavāṇa, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā sayaṃkataṃ dukkhaṃ paññapenti, tadapi phassapaccayā. Yepi te …pe… yepi te …pe… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ dukkhaṃ paññapenti tadapi phassapaccayā.

　　 “Tatra upavāṇa, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā sayaṃkataṃ dukkhaṃ paññapenti, te vata añña phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Yepi te …pe… yepi te …pe… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ dukkhaṃ paññapenti, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

27/(7). Paccayasuttaṃ

　　 27. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “avijjāpaccayā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.

　　 “Katamañca, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko– ayaṃ vuccati jarā. Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo; idaṃ vuccati maraṇaṃ. Iti ayañca jarā idañca maraṇaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ. Jātisamudayā jarāmaraṇasamudayo; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho. Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminī paṭipadā. Seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammā-ājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti …pe… katamo ca, bhikkhave, bhavo… katamañca, bhikkhave, upādānaṃ… katamā ca, bhikkhave, taṇhā… katamā ca, bhikkhave, vedanā… katamo ca, bhikkhave phasso… katamañca, bhikkhave, saḷāyatanaṃ… katamañca, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṃ… katamañca, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ…?

　　 “Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā? Tayome, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā– kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāro. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā. Avijjāsamudayā saṅkhārasamudayo; avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho. Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅkhāranirodhagāminī paṭipadā. Seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.

　　 “Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako evaṃ paccayaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ paccayasamudayaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ paccayanirodhaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ paccayanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, passati imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi, sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasotaṃ samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāraṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati itipī”ti. Sattamaṃ.

28/(8). Bhikkhusuttaṃ

　　 28. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “tatra kho …pe… idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jarāmaraṇaṃ pajānāti, jarāmaraṇasamudayaṃ pajānāti, jarāmaraṇanirodhaṃ pajānāti, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti, jātiṃ pajānāti …pe… bhavaṃ pajānāti… upādānaṃ pajānāti… taṇhaṃ pajānāti… vedanaṃ pajānāti… phassaṃ pajānāti… saḷāyatanaṃ pajānāti… nāmarūpaṃ pajānāti… viññāṇaṃ pajānāti… saṅkhāre pajānāti, saṅkhārasamudayaṃ pajānāti saṅkhāranirodhaṃ pajānāti, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti.

　　 “Katamañca, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko– ayaṃ vuccati jarā. Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo; idaṃ vuccati maraṇaṃ. Iti ayaṃ ca jarā idañca maraṇaṃ. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ. Jātisamudayā jarāmaraṇasamudayo; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho. Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminī paṭipadā. Seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti …pe… katamo ca, bhikkhave, bhavo… katamañca, bhikkhave, upādānaṃ… vedanā… phasso… saḷāyatanaṃ… nāmarūpaṃ… viññāṇaṃ….

　　 “Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā? Tayome, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā– kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāro. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā. Avijjāsamudayā saṅkhārasamudayo; avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho. Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅkhāranirodhagāminī paṭipadā. Seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.

　　 “Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ jarāmaraṇaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jarāmaraṇasamudayaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jarāmaraṇanirodhaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jātiṃ pajānāti …pe… bhavaṃ… upādānaṃ… taṇhaṃ… vedanaṃ… phassaṃ… saḷāyatanaṃ… nāmarūpaṃ… viññāṇaṃ saṅkhāre… saṅkhārasamudayaṃ… saṅkhāranirodhaṃ… evaṃ saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, passati imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi, sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasotaṃ samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāraṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati itipī”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.