相应部12相应25经(因缘相应/因缘篇/修多罗)

世尊住在舍卫城。那时,尊者土地在傍晚从独处静坐中起来,去到尊者舍利弗那里。到了之后,与尊者舍利弗互相问候。寒暄完毕后,坐在一旁。坐下后,尊者土地对尊者舍利弗说:

"舍利弗贤友,有一些沙门婆罗门主张业论,他们宣称乐与苦是自作的。舍利弗贤友,还有一些沙门婆罗门主张业论,他们宣称乐与苦是他作的。舍利弗贤友,又有一些沙门婆罗门主张业论,他们宣称乐与苦既是自作又是他作的。舍利弗贤友,还有一些沙门婆罗门主张业论,他们宣称乐与苦既非自作也非他作,而是无因生的。在这里,舍利弗贤友,世尊是怎么说的?他宣说什么?我们应该如何回答才能如实地表达世尊的观点,不会错误地曲解世尊,如法地解释法,使任何如法的批评不会招致指责?"

舍利弗回答: "贤友,世尊说乐与苦是缘起的。缘于什么?缘于触。这样说就能如实地表达世尊的观点,不会错误地曲解世尊,如法地解释法,使任何如法的批评不会招致指责。

贤友,那些主张业论、宣称乐与苦是自作的沙门婆罗门,那也是缘于触。那些...(中略)...那些主张业论、宣称乐与苦既非自作也非他作而是无因生的沙门婆罗门,那也是缘于触。

贤友,那些主张业论、宣称乐与苦是自作的沙门婆罗门,他们离开触而感受,这是不可能的。那些...(中略)...那些主张业论、宣称乐与苦既非自作也非他作而是无因生的沙门婆罗门,他们离开触而感受,这是不可能的。"

尊者阿难听到了尊者舍利弗与尊者土地的这番对话。于是尊者阿难去到世尊那里,到了之后顶礼世尊,然后坐在一旁。坐下后,尊者阿难将尊者舍利弗与尊者土地的全部对话内容告诉了世尊。

佛陀说: "善哉!善哉!阿难,舍利弗回答得很正确。阿难,我说乐与苦是缘起的。缘于什么?缘于触。这样说就能如实地表达我的观点,不会错误地曲解我,如法地解释法,使任何如法的批评不会招致指责。

阿难,那些主张业论、宣称乐与苦是自作的沙门婆罗门,那也是缘于触。那些...(中略)...那些主张业论、宣称乐与苦既非自作也非他作而是无因生的沙门婆罗门,那也是缘于触。

阿难,那些主张业论、宣称乐与苦是自作的沙门婆罗门,他们离开触而感受,这是不可能的。那些...(中略)...那些主张业论、宣称乐与苦既非自作也非他作而是无因生的沙门婆罗门,他们离开触而感受,这是不可能的。

阿难,有身体时,由于身体的意志作用而在内心生起乐与苦。阿难,有语言时,由于语言的意志作用而在内心生起乐与苦。阿难,有意识时,由于意识的意志作用而在内心生起乐与苦。这些都是以无明为缘。

阿难,或者自己造作身行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。阿难,或者他人造作身行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。阿难,或者有意识地造作身行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。阿难,或者无意识地造作身行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。

阿难,或者自己造作语行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。阿难,或者他人造作语行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。阿难,或者有意识地...(中略)...阿难,或者无意识地造作语行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。

阿难,或者自己造作意行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。阿难,或者他人造作意行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。阿难,或者有意识地...(中略)...阿难,或者无意识地造作意行,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。

阿难,在这些法中,无明随行。阿难,由于无明的完全离贪与灭尽,就没有那个身体,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。就没有那个语言,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。就没有那个意识,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。就没有那个田地...(中略)...就没有那个基础...(中略)...就没有那个处所...(中略)...就没有那个缘由,以此为缘而在内心生起乐与苦。"

这篇经文主要讨论了乐苦的缘起,强调了触(接触)在乐苦产生过程中的重要作用,以及无明作为根本原因的地位。

巴利语原版经文

SN.12.25/(5). Bhūmijasuttaṃ

　　 25. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho āyasmā bhūmijo sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā bhūmijo āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca–

　　 “Santāvuso sāriputta, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā sayaṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti. Santi panāvuso sāriputta, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā paraṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti. Santāvuso sāriputta, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā sayaṃkatañca paraṃkatañca sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti. Santi panāvuso sāriputta, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti. Idha no, āvuso sāriputta, bhagavā kiṃvādī kimakkhāyī kathaṃ byākaramānā ca mayaṃ vuttavādino ceva bhagavato assāma, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkheyyāma, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākareyyāma, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānupāto gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgaccheyyā”ti?

　　 “Paṭiccasamuppannaṃ kho, āvuso, sukhadukkhaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā. Kiṃ paṭicca? Phassaṃ paṭicca. Iti vadaṃ vuttavādī ceva bhagavato assa, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkheyya, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākareyya, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānupāto gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgaccheyya.

　　 “Tatrāvuso, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā sayaṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, tadapi phassapaccayā. Yepi te …pe… yepi te …pe… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, tadapi phassapaccayā.

　　 “Tatrāvuso, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā sayaṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Yepi te …pe. yepi te …pe… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī”ti.

　　 Assosi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmato sāriputtassa āyasmatā bhūmijena saddhiṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando yāvatako āyasmato sāriputtassa āyasmatā bhūmijena saddhiṃ ahosi kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi.

　　 “Sādhu sādhu, ānanda, yathā taṃ sāriputto sammā byākaramāno byākareyya. Paṭiccasamuppannaṃ kho, ānanda, sukhadukkhaṃ vuttaṃ mayā. Kiṃ paṭicca? Phassaṃ paṭicca. Iti vadaṃ vuttavādī ceva me assa, na ca maṃ abhūtena abbhācikkheyya, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākareyya, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānupāto gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgaccheyya.

　　 “Tatrānanda ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā sayaṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti tadapi phassapaccayā. Yepi te …pe… yepi te …pe… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti tadapi phassapaccayā.

　　 “Tatrānanda ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā kammavādā sayaṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Yepi te …pe… yepi te …pe… yepi te samaṇabrāhmaṇākammavādā asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, te vata aññatra phassā paṭisaṃvedissantīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.

　　 “Kāye vā hānanda, sati kāyasañcetanāhetu uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Vācāya vā hānanda, sati vacīsañcetanāhetu uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Mane vā hānanda, sati manosañcetanāhetu uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ avijjāpaccayā ca.

　　 “Sāmaṃ vā taṃ, ānanda, kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti, yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Pare vā taṃ, ānanda, kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharonti, yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Sampajāno vā taṃ, ānanda, kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Asampajāno vā taṃ, ānanda, kāyasaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ.

　　 “Sāmaṃ vā taṃ, ānanda, vacīsaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Pare vā taṃ, ānanda, vacīsaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharonti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Sampajāno vā taṃ, ānanda …pe… asampajāno vā taṃ, ānanda, vacīsaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ.

　　 “Sāmaṃ vā taṃ, ānanda, manosaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Pare vā taṃ, ānanda, manosaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharonti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Sampajāno vā taṃ, ānanda …pe… asampajāno vā taṃ, ānanda, manosaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ.

　　 “Imesu ānanda, dhammesu avijjā anupatitā. Avijjāya tveva, ānanda, asesavirāganirodhā so kāyo na hoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Sā vācā na hoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. So mano na hoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ. Khettaṃ taṃ na hoti …pe… vatthu taṃ na hoti …pe… āyatanaṃ taṃ na hoti …pe… adhikaraṇaṃ taṃ na hoti yaṃpaccayāssa taṃ uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhadukkhan”ti. Pañcamaṃ.