相应部7相应14经到16经(婆罗门相应/有偈篇/祇夜)

14. 大富婆罗门经

以舍卫城为缘起。那时,有一位衣衫褴褛的大富婆罗门来到世尊处。到达后,与世尊互相问候。寒暄礼节过后,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的大富婆罗门如是说:"婆罗门啊,你为何衣衫褴褛?"

"乔达摩啊,我有四个儿子。他们与妻子商量后将我赶出家门。"

"那么,婆罗门啊,你要牢记这些偈颂,在大众集会时,当你的儿子们也在座时,诵读出来:

'我曾因他们出生而欢喜,也希望他们兴旺,

如今他们与妻子商量,如赶猪一般赶我出门。

这些无情的恶棍,还口口声声称我为'父亲',

他们如魔鬼假扮成儿子,抛弃衰老的我。

如同老马失去价值,被剥夺饲料,

愚人之父虽年长,却沦落他人门下乞食。

我想拐杖反而比不听话的儿子更好,

它能驱赶凶猛的公牛,也能制服恶犬。

在黑暗中它引路,在深水中找到浅滩,

凭借拐杖的力量,跌倒时也能重新站起。'"

于是,那位大富婆罗门从世尊那里学会了这些偈颂,在大众集会时,当他的儿子们也在座时,诵读出来:

(重复上述偈颂)

之后,那些儿子们将大富婆罗门带回家,为他洗浴,并各自给他一套新衣。然后,那位大富婆罗门带着一套新衣来到世尊处。到达后,与世尊互相问候。寒暄礼节过后,坐在一旁。坐下后,大富婆罗门对世尊说:"乔达摩先生,我们婆罗门习惯为老师寻求老师的报酬。请乔达摩先生接受这份老师的报酬。"

世尊出于怜悯接受了。然后,大富婆罗门对世尊说:"太奇妙了,乔达摩先生...请记住我从今以后终生皈依,成为优婆塞。"

15. 傲慢的婆罗门经

以舍卫城为缘起。那时,舍卫城住着一位名叫"傲慢"的婆罗门。他既不向母亲礼敬,也不向父亲礼敬,不向老师礼敬,也不向长兄礼敬。当时,世尊正在向大众说法。傲慢婆罗门心想:"这位沙门乔达摩正在向大众说法。我何不去见他?如果沙门乔达摩和我说话,我就回应他。如果他不和我说话,我也不理他。"

于是,傲慢婆罗门来到世尊处,到达后默默站在一旁。世尊没有和他说话。傲慢婆罗门心想:"这沙门乔达摩什么都不懂",正准备离开。世尊知道傲慢婆罗门的心念,便用偈颂对他说:

"婆罗门啊,傲慢并不好,

你来此是有所求,

应当专注于你的目的。"

傲慢婆罗门想:"沙门乔达摩知道我的心思",立即俯身顶礼世尊足下,用嘴亲吻,用手抚摸世尊的双足,并自报姓名:"乔达摩先生,我是傲慢,我是傲慢。"

在场的人们惊讶不已:"真是奇迹啊!这位傲慢婆罗门既不向母亲礼敬,也不向父亲礼敬,不向老师礼敬,也不向长兄礼敬,却对沙门乔达摩如此恭敬!"

世尊对傲慢婆罗门说:"够了,婆罗门,起来吧,回到你的座位上。因为你对我生起了信心。"

傲慢婆罗门回到座位后,用偈颂问世尊:

"对谁不应傲慢?对谁应当恭敬?

对谁应当尊重?对谁应当善待?"

世尊回答:

"对母亲和父亲,以及长兄,

第四是老师,对他们不应傲慢。

对他们应当恭敬,对他们应当尊重,

对他们应当善待。

对阿罗汉,已得清凉,已完成任务,无烦恼者,

应放下傲慢,谦卑地礼敬这些无上者。"

听闻此言,傲慢婆罗门对世尊说:"太奇妙了,乔达摩先生...请记住我从今以后终生皈依,成为优婆塞。"

16.好辩的婆罗门经

以舍卫城为缘起。那时,舍卫城住着一位名叫"好辩"的婆罗门。他心想:"我何不去见沙门乔达摩?无论他说什么,我都要反驳他。"

当时,世尊正在户外经行。好辩婆罗门来到世尊处,对正在经行的世尊说:"沙门,说说你的法吧!"

世尊回答:

"对爱争辩、心不清净、

充满敌意的人来说,

即使是善说也难以理解。

但若能去除敌意,

放下心中的不满与怨恨,

去除对抗之心的人,

才能真正理解善说。"

听闻此言,好辩婆罗门对世尊说:"太奇妙了,乔达摩先生...请记住我从今以后终生皈依,成为优婆塞。"

巴利语原版经文

14/(4). Mahāsālasuttaṃ

　　 200. Sāvatthinidānaṃ Atha kho aññataro brāhmaṇamahāsālo lūkho lūkhapāvuraṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālaṃ bhagavā etadavoca– “kinnu tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, lūkho lūkhapāvuraṇo”ti? “Idha me, bho gotama, cattāro puttā. Te maṃ dārehi saṃpuccha gharā nikkhāmentī”ti. “Tena hi tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, imā gāthāyo pariyāpuṇitvā sabhāyaṃ mahājanakāye sannipatite puttesu ca sannisinnesu bhāsassu–

　　 “Yehi jātehi nandissaṃ, yesañca bhavamicchisaṃ;

　　 Te maṃ dārehi saṃpuccha, sāva vārenti sūkaraṃ.

　　 “Asantā kira maṃ jammā, tāta tātāti bhāsare;

　　 Rakkhasā puttarūpena, te jahanti vayogataṃ.

　　 “Assova jiṇṇo nibbhogo, khādanā apanīyati;

　　 Bālakānaṃ pitā thero, parāgāresu bhikkhati.

　　 “Daṇḍova kira me seyyo, yañce puttā anassavā;

　　 Caṇḍampi goṇaṃ vāreti, atho caṇḍampi kukkuraṃ.

　　 “Andhakāre pure hoti, gambhīre gādhamedhati;

　　 Daṇḍassa ānubhāvena, khalitvā patitiṭṭhatī”ti.

　　 Atha kho so brāhmaṇamahāsālo bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo pariyāpuṇitvā sabhāyaṃ mahājanakāye sannipatite puttesu ca sannisinnesu abhāsi–

　　 “Yehi jātehi nandissaṃ, yesañca bhavamicchisaṃ;

　　 Te maṃ dārehi saṃpuccha, sāva vārenti sūkaraṃ.

　　 “Asantā kira maṃ jammā, tāta tātāti bhāsare;

　　 Rakkhasā puttarūpena, te jahanti vayogataṃ.

　　 “Assova jiṇṇo nibbhogo, khādanā apanīyati.

　　 Bālakānaṃ pitā thero, parāgāresu bhikkhati.

　　 “Daṇḍova kira me seyyo, yañce puttā anassavā;

　　 Caṇḍampi goṇaṃ vāreti, atho caṇḍampi kukkuraṃ.

　　 “Andhakāre pure hoti, gambhīre gādhamedhati;

　　 Daṇḍassa ānubhāvena, khalitvā patitiṭṭhatī”ti.

　　 Atha kho naṃ brāhmaṇamahāsālaṃ puttā gharaṃ netvā nhāpetvā paccekaṃ dussayugena acchādesuṃ. Atha kho so brāhmaṇamahāsālo ekaṃ dussayugaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho brāhmaṇamahāsālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “mayaṃ, bho gotama, brāhmaṇā nāma ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesāma. Paṭiggaṇhatu me bhavaṃ gotamo ācariyadhanan”ti. Paṭiggahesi bhagavā anukampaṃ upādāya. Atha kho so brāhmaṇamahāsālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.

15/(5). Mānatthaddhasuttaṃ

　　 201. Sāvatthinidānaṃ Tena kho pana samayena mānatthaddho nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati. So neva mātaraṃ abhivādeti, na pitaraṃ abhivādeti, na ācariyaṃ abhivādeti, na jeṭṭhabhātaraṃ abhivādeti. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā mahatiyā parisāya parivuto dhammaṃ deseti. Atha kho mānatthaddhassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi– “ayaṃ kho samaṇo gotamo mahatiyā parisāya parivuto dhammaṃ deseti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ. Sace maṃ samaṇo gotamo ālapissati, ahampi taṃ ālapissāmi. No ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo ālapissati, ahampi nālapissāmī”ti. Atha kho mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tuṇhībhūto ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Atha kho bhagavā taṃ nālapi. Atha kho mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo– ‘nāyaṃ samaṇo gotamo kiñci jānātī’ti tatova puna nivattitukāmo ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā mānatthaddhassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya mānatthaddhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

　　 “Na mānaṃ brāhmaṇa sādhu, atthikassīdha brāhmaṇa;

　　 Yena atthena āgacchi, tamevamanubrūhaye”ti.

　　 Atha kho mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo– “cittaṃ me samaṇo gotamo jānātī”ti tattheva bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti– “mānatthaddhāhaṃ, bho gotama, mānatthaddhāhaṃ, bho gotamā”ti. Atha kho sā parisā abbhutacittajātā ahosi– ‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho! Ayañhi mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo neva mātaraṃ abhivādeti, na pitaraṃ abhivādeti, na ācariyaṃ abhivādeti, na jeṭṭhabhātaraṃ abhivādeti; atha ca pana samaṇe gotame evarūpaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ karotī’ti. Atha kho bhagavā mānatthaddhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca– “alaṃ, brāhmaṇa uṭṭhehi, sake āsane nisīda. Yato te mayi cittaṃ pasannan”ti. Atha kho mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo sake āsane nisīditvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

　　 “Kesu na mānaṃ kayirātha, kesu cassa sagāravo;

　　 Kyassa apacitā assu, kyassu sādhu supūjitā”ti.

　　 “Mātari pitari cāpi, atho jeṭṭhamhi bhātari;

　　 Ācariye catutthamhi, tesu na mānaṃ kayirātha.

　　 Tesu assa sagāravo, tyassa apacitā assu.

　　 Tyassu sādhu supūjitā.

　　 “Arahante sītībhūte, katakicce anāsave;

　　 Nihacca mānaṃ athaddho, te namasse anuttare”ti.

　　 Evaṃ vutte, mānatthaddho brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.

16/(6). Paccanīkasuttaṃ

　　 202. Sāvatthinidānaṃ Tena kho pana samayena paccanīkasāto nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati. Atha kho paccanīkasātassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi– “yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ. Yaṃ yadeva samaṇo gotamo bhāsissati taṃ tadevassāhaṃ paccanīkāssan”ti. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā abbhokāse caṅkamati. Atha kho paccanīkasāto brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ caṅkamantaṃ etadavoca– ‘bhaṇa samaṇadhamman’ti.

　　 “Na paccanīkasātena, suvijānaṃ subhāsitaṃ;

　　 Upakkiliṭṭhacittena, sārambhabahulena ca.

　　 “Yo ca vineyya sārambhaṃ, appasādañca cetaso;

　　 Āghātaṃ paṭinissajja, sa ve jaññā subhāsitan”ti.

　　 Evaṃ vutte, paccanīkasāto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.