增支部2集42经到50经

42经

"比丘们,那些比丘误解经文,曲解文字,歪曲意义和法义,这些比丘是在为许多人带来不利,为许多人带来痛苦,为众多人带来损害、不利和痛苦,包括天神和人类。比丘们,这些比丘造下了许多罪业,他们正在使真实的佛法消失。

比丘们,那些比丘正确理解经文,正确解释文字,符合意义和法义,这些比丘是在为许多人带来利益,为许多人带来快乐,为众多人带来好处、利益和快乐,包括天神和人类。比丘们,这些比丘积累了许多功德,他们正在维护真实的佛法。"

这是第四品,名为平等心品。

众会品

43经

"比丘们,有两种众会。哪两种?浅薄的众会和深奥的众会。

比丘们,什么是浅薄的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们骄傲自大,轻浮浮躁,喋喋不休,言语散乱,失念不正知,心不专一,心散乱,诸根不受控制。比丘们,这被称为浅薄的众会。

比丘们,什么是深奥的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们不骄傲自大,不轻浮浮躁,不喋喋不休,言语不散乱,具念正知,心专一,心不散乱,诸根受控制。比丘们,这被称为深奥的众会。

比丘们,这就是两种众会。比丘们,在这两种众会中,深奥的众会是最殊胜的。"

44经

"比丘们,有两种众会。哪两种?不和谐的众会和和谐的众会。

比丘们,什么是不和谐的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们互相争吵,互相争论,陷入争端,用言语的利刃互相伤害。比丘们,这被称为不和谐的众会。

比丘们,什么是和谐的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们和睦相处,互相友好,不起争端,如水乳交融,以慈爱的眼光相视。比丘们,这被称为和谐的众会。

比丘们,这就是两种众会。比丘们,在这两种众会中,和谐的众会是最殊胜的。"

45经

"比丘们,有两种众会。哪两种?无领导的众会和有领导的众会。

比丘们,什么是无领导的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,长老比丘们奢侈懒惰,沉溺于堕落,放弃独处,不精进于达到未达到的,证悟未证悟的,实现未实现的。后辈弟子们效仿他们的行为。他们也变得奢侈懒惰,沉溺于堕落,放弃独处,不精进于达到未达到的,证悟未证悟的,实现未实现的。比丘们,这被称为无领导的众会。

比丘们,什么是有领导的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,长老比丘们不奢侈懒惰,不沉溺于堕落,不放弃独处,精进于达到未达到的,证悟未证悟的,实现未实现的。后辈弟子们效仿他们的行为。他们也不奢侈懒惰,不沉溺于堕落,不放弃独处,精进于达到未达到的,证悟未证悟的,实现未实现的。比丘们,这被称为有领导的众会。

比丘们,这就是两种众会。比丘们,在这两种众会中,有领导的众会是最殊胜的。"

46经

"比丘们,有两种众会。哪两种?非圣众会和圣众会。

比丘们,什么是非圣众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们不如实了知'这是苦',不如实了知'这是苦的原因',不如实了知'这是苦的止息',不如实了知'这是导向苦止息的道路'。比丘们,这被称为非圣众会。

比丘们,什么是圣众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们如实了知'这是苦',如实了知'这是苦的原因',如实了知'这是苦的止息',如实了知'这是导向苦止息的道路'。比丘们,这被称为圣众会。

比丘们,这就是两种众会。比丘们,在这两种众会中,圣众会是最殊胜的。"

47经

"比丘们,有两种众会。哪两种?劣质众会和优质众会。

比丘们,什么是劣质众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们因贪欲而偏袒,因嗔恨而偏袒,因愚痴而偏袒,因恐惧而偏袒。比丘们,这被称为劣质众会。

比丘们,什么是优质众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们不因贪欲而偏袒,不因嗔恨而偏袒,不因愚痴而偏袒,不因恐惧而偏袒。比丘们,这被称为优质众会。

比丘们,这就是两种众会。比丘们,在这两种众会中,优质众会是最殊胜的。"

48经

"比丘们,有两种众会。哪两种?以训诫教导的众会而非以问答教导的,以问答教导的众会而非以训诫教导的。

比丘们,什么是以训诫教导的众会而非以问答教导的?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,当那些由如来所说的,深奥、意义深远、出世间、与空性相应的经典被诵读时,比丘们不愿意听,不专心听,不以理解的心态听,也不认为这些法值得学习和掌握。然而,当那些由诗人创作的,文字优美,措辞华丽,外道所说的经典被诵读时,他们愿意听,专心听,以理解的心态听,并认为这些法值得学习和掌握。他们学习了这些法后,既不互相询问,也不探讨:'这是什么意思?这有什么含义?'他们既不阐明未阐明的,也不澄清未澄清的,对于许多引起疑惑的法,他们不去消除疑惑。比丘们,这被称为以训诫教导的众会而非以问答教导的。

比丘们,什么是以问答教导的众会而非以训诫教导的?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,当那些由诗人创作的,文字优美,措辞华丽,外道所说的经典被诵读时,比丘们不愿意听,不专心听,不以理解的心态听,也不认为这些法值得学习和掌握。然而,当那些由如来所说的,深奥、意义深远、出世间、与空性相应的经典被诵读时,他们愿意听,专心听,以理解的心态听,并认为这些法值得学习和掌握。他们学习了这些法后,互相询问,探讨:'这是什么意思?这有什么含义?'他们阐明未阐明的,澄清未澄清的,对于许多引起疑惑的法,他们去消除疑惑。比丘们,这被称为以问答教导的众会而非以训诫教导的。

比丘们,这就是两种众会。比丘们,在这两种众会中,以问答教导的众会而非以训诫教导的是最殊胜的。"

49经

"比丘们,有两种众会。哪两种?重视物质而不重视正法的众会,重视正法而不重视物质的众会。

比丘们,什么是重视物质而不重视正法的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们在白衣居士面前互相称赞:'某某比丘是俱解脱者,某某比丘是慧解脱者,某某比丘是身证者,某某比丘是见到真理者,某某比丘是信解脱者,某某比丘是随法行者,某某比丘是随信行者,某某比丘持戒善良,某某比丘破戒恶劣。'他们因此获得利养。获得这些利养后,他们贪著、迷恋、沉溺其中,不见其过患,不知出离之道而享用。比丘们,这被称为重视物质而不重视正法的众会。

比丘们,什么是重视正法而不重视物质的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,比丘们不在白衣居士面前互相称赞:'某某比丘是俱解脱者,某某比丘是慧解脱者,某某比丘是身证者,某某比丘是见到真理者,某某比丘是信解脱者,某某比丘是随法行者,某某比丘是随信行者,某某比丘持戒善良,某某比丘破戒恶劣。'他们虽然因此获得利养,但获得这些利养后,他们不贪著、不迷恋、不沉溺其中,见其过患,知出离之道而享用。比丘们,这被称为重视正法而不重视物质的众会。

比丘们,这就是两种众会。比丘们,在这两种众会中,重视正法而不重视物质的众会是最殊胜的。"

50经

"比丘们,有两种众会。哪两种?不正直的众会和正直的众会。

比丘们,什么是不正直的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,非法的行为盛行而合法的行为不盛行,不如法的行为盛行而如法的行为不盛行,非法的行为受到称赞而合法的行为不受称赞,不如法的行为受到称赞而如法的行为不受称赞。比丘们,这被称为不正直的众会。

比丘们,什么是正直的众会?在这里,比丘们,在某个众会中,合法的行为盛行而非法的行为不盛行,如法的行为盛行而不如法的行为不盛行,合法的行为受到称赞而非法的行为不受称赞,如法的行为受到称赞而不如法的行为不受称赞。比丘们,这被称为正直的众会。

比丘们,这就是两种众会。比丘们,在这两种众会中,正直的众会是最殊胜的。"

巴利语原版经文

42

　　 42. “Ye te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū duggahitehi suttantehi byañjanappatirūpakehi atthañca dhammañca paṭivāhanti te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bahujanāhitāya paṭipannā bahujanāsukhāya, bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Bahuñca te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū apuññaṃ pasavanti, te cimaṃ saddhammaṃ antaradhāpenti.

　　 “Ye te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū suggahitehi suttantehi byañjanappatirūpakehi atthañca dhammañca anulomenti te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bahujanahitāya paṭipannā bahujanasukhāya, bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Bahuñca te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū puññaṃ pasavanti, te cimaṃ saddhammaṃ ṭhapentī”ti.

　　 Samacittavaggo catuttho.

5. Parisavaggo

43

　　 43. “Dvemā bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Uttānā ca parisā gambhīrā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, uttānā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū uddhatā honti unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatī asampajānā asamāhitā vibbhantacittā pākatindriyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, uttānā parisā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, gambhīrā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū anuddhatā honti anunnaḷā acapalā amukharā avikiṇṇavācā upaṭṭhitassatī sampajānā samāhitā ekaggacittā saṃvutindriyā. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, gambhīrā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ gambhīrā parisā”ti.

44

　　 44. “Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Vaggā ca parisā samaggā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, vaggā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, vaggā parisā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, samaggā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, samaggā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ samaggā parisā”ti.

45

　　 45. “Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Anaggavatī ca parisā aggavatī ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, anaggavatī parisā? Idha bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ therā bhikkhū bāhulikā honti sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā, na vīriyaṃ ārabhanti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Tesaṃ pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati. Sāpi hoti bāhulikā sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā, na vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, anaggavatī parisā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, aggavatī parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ therā bhikkhū na bāhulikā honti na sāthalikā, okkamane nikkhittadhurā, paviveke pubbaṅgamā, vīriyaṃ ārabhanti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Tesaṃ pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati. Sāpi hoti na bāhulikā na sāthalikā, okkamane nikkhittadhurā, paviveke pubbaṅgamā, vīriyaṃ ārabhati appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, aggavatī parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ aggavatī parisā”ti.

46

　　 46. “Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Anariyā ca parisā ariyā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, anariyā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, anariyā parisā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, ariyā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ ariyā parisā”ti.

47

　　 47. “Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Parisākasaṭo ca parisāmaṇḍo ca. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, parisākasaṭo? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū chandāgatiṃ gacchanti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, parisākasaṭo.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, parisāmaṇḍo? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū na chandāgatiṃ gacchanti, na dosāgatiṃ gacchanti, na mohāgatiṃ gacchanti, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, parisāmaṇḍo. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ parisāmaṇḍo”ti.

48

　　 48. “Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Okkācitavinītā parisā nopaṭipucchāvinītā, paṭipucchāvinītā parisā no-okkācitavinītā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, okkācitavinītā parisā nopaṭipucchāvinītā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ye te suttantā tathāgatabhāsitā gambhīrā gambhīratthā lokuttarā suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā tesu bhaññamānesu na sussūsanti na sotaṃ odahanti na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti na ca te dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti. Ye pana te suttantā kavitā kāveyyā cittakkharā cittabyañjanā bāhirakā sāvakabhāsitā tesu bhaññamānesu sussūsanti sotaṃ odahanti aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, te dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti, te ca taṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā na ceva aññamaññaṃ paṭipucchanti na ca paṭivicaranti ‘idaṃ kathaṃ, imassa ko attho’ti? Te avivaṭañceva na vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca na uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ na paṭivinodenti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, okkācitavinītā parisā no paṭipucchāvinītā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, paṭipucchāvinītā parisā no-okkācitavinītā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū ye te suttantā kavitā kāveyyā cittakkharā cittabyañjanā bāhirakā sāvakabhāsitā tesu bhaññamānesu na sussūsanti na sotaṃ odahanti na aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, na ca te dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti. Ye pana te suttantā tathāgatabhāsitā gambhīrā gambhīratthā lokuttarā suññatāpaṭisaṃyuttā tesu bhaññamānesu sussūsanti sotaṃ odahanti aññā cittaṃ upaṭṭhapenti, te ca dhamme uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ maññanti. Te taṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā aññamaññaṃ paṭipucchanti paṭivicaranti– ‘idaṃ kathaṃ, imassa ko attho’ti? Te avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paṭipucchāvinītā parisā no-okkācitavinītā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ paṭipucchāvinītā parisā no-okkācitavinītā”ti.

49

　　 49. “Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Āmisagaru parisā no saddhammagaru, saddhammagaru parisā no āmisagaru. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, āmisagaru parisā no saddhammagaru? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ sammukhā aññamaññassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanti– ‘asuko bhikkhu ubhatobhāgavimutto, asuko paññāvimutto asuko kāyasakkhī asuko diṭṭhippatto, asuko saddhāvimutto, asuko dhammānusārī, asuko saddhānusārī, asuko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, asuko dussīlo pāpadhammo’ti. Te tena lābhaṃ labhanti. Te taṃ lābhaṃ labhitvā gathitā mucchitā ajjhopannā anādīnavadassāvino anissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, āmisagaru parisā no saddhammagaru.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, saddhammagaru parisā no-āmisagaru? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ sammukhā aññamaññassa vaṇṇaṃ na bhāsanti– ‘asuko bhikkhu ubhatobhāgavimutto, asuko paññāvimutto, asuko kāyasakkhī, asuko diṭṭhippatto, asuko saddhāvimutto, asuko dhammānussārī, asuko saddhānusārī, asuko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, asuko dussīlo pāpadhammo’ti. Te tena lābhaṃ labhanti. Te taṃ lābhaṃ labhitvā agathitā amucchitā anajjhosannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, saddhammagaru parisā no-āmisagaru. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ saddhammagaru parisā no-āmisagarū”ti.

50

　　 50. “Dvemā, bhikkhave, parisā. Katamā dve? Visamā ca parisā samā ca parisā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, visamā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ adhammakammāni pavattanti dhammakammāni nappavattanti avinayakammāni pavattanti vinayakammāni nappavattanti, adhammakammāni dippanti dhammakammāni na dippanti, avinayakammāni dippanti vinayakammāni na dippanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, visamā parisā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, samā parisā? Idha, bhikkhave, yassaṃ parisāyaṃ dhammakammāni pavattanti adhammakammāni nappavattanti, vinayakammāni pavattanti avinayakammāni nappavattanti, dhammakammāni dippanti adhammakammāni na dippanti, vinayakammāni dippanti avinayakammāni na dippanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, samā parisā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve parisā. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ samā parisā”ti.