增支部2集39经到41经

39经. 有一次,尊者大迦旃延住在马兜罗的军荼婆那。那时,坎达拉亚那婆罗门来到大迦旃延尊者所在之处,到达后与大迦旃延尊者互相问候......坐在一旁后,坎达拉亚那婆罗门对大迦旃延尊者说:"迦旃延先生,我听说'沙门迦旃延不向年老、衰老、高龄、年迈、已到晚年的婆罗门问候,不起身相迎,也不邀请就座'。迦旃延先生,这是真的吗?因为迦旃延先生确实不向年老、衰老、高龄、年迈、已到晚年的婆罗门问候,不起身相迎,也不邀请就座。迦旃延先生,这不是恰当的行为。"

"婆罗门,那位知见者、阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊已经宣说了老年地位和年轻地位。婆罗门,即使一个人年纪很大,八十岁、九十岁或一百岁,如果他还沉溺于感官欲乐,住于欲乐之中,被欲火焚烧,被欲想啃噬,热衷于寻求欲乐,那么他就被认为是愚人,而不被视为长者。婆罗门,即使一个人年轻,头发乌黑,正值青春年华,处于人生的第一阶段,如果他不沉溺于感官欲乐,不住于欲乐之中,不被欲火焚烧,不被欲想啃噬,不热衷于寻求欲乐,那么他就被认为是智者,被视为长者。"

听到这番话后,坎达拉亚那婆罗门从座位上站起来,整理上衣,向一百位年轻比丘行礼,说道:"尊者们是长者,站在长者的地位上。我们是年轻人,站在年轻人的地位上。"

"太好了,迦旃延先生......请迦旃延先生记住我从今以后终生皈依为优婆塞。"

40经. "比丘们,当盗贼势力强大时,国王就会变得软弱。在那时,国王无法安心外出或进入,也无法巡视边境地区。婆罗门和居士们也无法安心外出或进入,无法照看外面的事务。同样地,比丘们,当邪恶的比丘势力强大时,善良的比丘就会变得软弱。在那时,善良的比丘会保持沉默,在僧团中默不作声,或者居住在边远地区。比丘们,这会导致许多人的不利、不幸,给许多人带来损害、痛苦,对天人都不利。

"比丘们,当国王势力强大时,盗贼就会变得软弱。在那时,国王可以安心外出或进入,也可以巡视边境地区。婆罗门和居士们也可以安心外出或进入,可以照看外面的事务。同样地,比丘们,当善良的比丘势力强大时,邪恶的比丘就会变得软弱。在那时,邪恶的比丘会保持沉默,在僧团中默不作声,或者离开僧团。比丘们,这会导致许多人的利益、幸福,给许多人带来好处、快乐,对天人都有利。"

41经. "比丘们,我不赞同两种人的错误行为,无论是在家人还是出家人。比丘们,无论是在家人还是出家人,如果行为错误,由于错误行为的缘故,就不能证得正法、善法。

"比丘们,我赞同两种人的正确行为,无论是在家人还是出家人。比丘们,无论是在家人还是出家人,如果行为正确,由于正确行为的缘故,就能证得正法、善法。"

巴利语原版经文

AN.2.39

　　 39. Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākaccāno madhurāyaṃ viharati gundāvane. Atha kho kandarāyano brāhmaṇo yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākaccānena saddhiṃ …pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kandarāyano brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavoca– “sutaṃ metaṃ, bho kaccāna, ‘na samaṇo kaccāno brāhmaṇe jiṇṇe vuddhe mahallake addhagate vayo-anuppatte abhivādeti vā paccuṭṭheti vā āsanena vā nimantetī’ti. Tayidaṃ, bho kaccāna, tatheva? Na hi bhavaṃ kaccāno brāhmaṇe jiṇṇe vuddhe mahallake addhagate vayo-anuppatte abhivādeti vā paccuṭṭheti vā āsanena vā nimanteti. Tayidaṃ, bho kaccāna, na sampannamevā”ti.

　　 “Atthi, brāhmaṇa, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena vuddhabhūmi ca akkhātā daharabhūmi ca. Vuddho cepi, brāhmaṇa, hoti āsītiko vā nāvutiko vā vassasatiko vā jātiyā, so ca kāme paribhuñjati kāmamajjhāvasati kāmapariḷāhena pariḍayhati kāmavitakkehi khajjati kāmapariyesanāya ussuko. Atha kho so bālo na therotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Daharo cepi, brāhmaṇa, hoti yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā So ca na kāme paribhuñjati na kāmamajjhāvasati, na kāmapariḷāhena pariḍayhati, na kāmavitakkehi khajjati, na kāmapariyesanāya ussuko. Atha kho so paṇḍito therotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchatī”ti.

　　 Evaṃ vutte kandarāyano brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā daharānaṃ sataṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pāde sirasā vandati– “vuddhā bhavanto, vuddhabhūmiyaṃ ṭhitā. Daharā mayaṃ, daharabhūmiyaṃ ṭhitā”ti.

　　 “Abhikkantaṃ, bho kaccāna …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ kaccāno dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.

AN.2.40

　　 40. “Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye corā balavanto honti, rājāno tasmiṃ samaye dubbalā honti. Tasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye rañño na phāsu hoti atiyātuṃ vā niyyātuṃ vā paccantime vā janapade anusaññātuṃ. Brāhmaṇagahapatikānampi tasmiṃ samaye na phāsu hoti atiyātuṃ vā niyyātuṃ vā bāhirāni vā kammantāni paṭivekkhituṃ. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye pāpabhikkhū balavanto honti, pesalā bhikkhū tasmiṃ samaye dubbalā honti. Tasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye pesalā bhikkhū tuṇhībhūtā tuṇhībhūtāva saṅghamajjhe saṅkasāyanti paccantime vā janapade acchanti. Tayidaṃ, bhikkhave, hoti bahujanāhitāya bahujanāsukhāya, bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ.

　　 “Yasmiṃ bhikkhave, samaye rājāno balavanto honti, corā tasmiṃ samaye dubbalā honti. Tasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye rañño phāsu hoti atiyātuṃ vā niyyātuṃ vā paccantime vā janapade anusaññātuṃ. Brāhmaṇagahapatikānampi tasmiṃ samaye phāsu hoti atiyātuṃ vā niyyātuṃ vā bāhirāni vā kammantāni paṭivekkhituṃ. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye pesalā bhikkhū balavanto honti, pāpabhikkhū tasmiṃ samaye dubbalā honti. Tasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye pāpabhikkhū tuṇhībhūtā tuṇhībhūtāva saṅghamajjhe saṅkasāyanti, yena vā pana tena pakkamanti. Tayidaṃ, bhikkhave, hoti bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya, bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan”ti.

AN.2.41

　　 41. “Dvinnāhaṃ bhikkhave, micchāpaṭipattiṃ na vaṇṇemi, gihissa vā pabbajitassa vā. Gihī vā, bhikkhave, pabbajito vā micchāpaṭipanno micchāpaṭipattādhikaraṇahetu na ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusalaṃ.

　　 “Dvinnāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sammāpaṭipattiṃ vaṇṇemi, gihissa vā pabbajitassa vā. Gihī vā, bhikkhave, pabbajito vā sammāpaṭipanno sammāpaṭipattādhikaraṇahetu ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusalan”ti.