增支部2集33经到37经

等心品

33经

33. "比丘们,我将为你们讲解非善人的境界和善人的境界。请仔细听,认真思考。我要开始讲了。"比丘们回答道:"遵命,世尊。"世尊说道:

"比丘们,什么是非善人的境界?非善人是忘恩负义的人。比丘们,忘恩负义这种行为是不善之人所熟知的。比丘们,忘恩负义完全是非善人的境界。而善人是懂得感恩的人。比丘们,懂得感恩这种行为是善良之人所熟知的。比丘们,懂得感恩完全是善人的境界。"

34经

34. "比丘们,我说有两种人是难以报答的。哪两种?父亲和母亲。比丘们,即使一个人活上一百岁,用一边肩膀扛着母亲,另一边肩膀扛着父亲,为他们擦身、按摩、洗澡、捶背,让他们就在自己肩上大小便,也无法报答父母的恩情。比丘们,即使把这大地上丰富的七宝授予父母,让他们成为一国之主,拥有至高无上的权力,也不算报答了父母的恩情。这是为什么呢?比丘们,父母对子女有大恩,养育他们,让他们看到这个世界。但是,比丘们,如果有人能够引导没有信仰的父母建立信仰,引导不道德的父母建立道德,引导吝啬的父母培养慷慨,引导愚昧的父母获得智慧,那么比丘们,这样做就足以报答父母的恩情了。"

35经

35. 这时,有一位婆罗门来到佛陀面前。他问候佛陀,互相寒暄后,坐在一旁,然后问道:"乔达摩先生主张什么,宣扬什么?" 

"婆罗门,我既主张行动,也主张不行动。"

"乔达摩先生,您是如何既主张行动又主张不行动的呢?"

"婆罗门,我主张不行身恶行、口恶行、意恶行,不行各种恶不善法。我主张行身善行、口善行、意善行,行各种善法。婆罗门,我就是这样既主张行动又主张不行动的。"

"太好了,乔达摩先生...请接受我为优婆塞,从今以后终生皈依。"

36经

36. 这时,给孤独长者来到佛陀面前,礼敬后坐在一旁,然后问道:"世尊,世间有几种值得供养的人?应该在哪里布施呢?"

"长者,世间有两种值得供养的人 - 有学和无学。长者,这就是世间两种值得供养的人,应该对他们布施。"

世尊说完这番话后,又用偈颂说道:

"有学和无学,

在这个世界上,

是供养者应该供养的对象。

他们身口意端正,

是供养者的福田,

在此布施必获大果报。"

37经

37. 如是我闻。一时,佛陀住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,尊者舍利弗住在舍卫城东园鹿子母讲堂。在那里,尊者舍利弗对比丘们说:"道友们。""道友。"那些比丘回答道。尊者舍利弗说:

"道友们,我将为你们讲解内结缚的人和外结缚的人。请仔细听,认真思考,我要开始讲了。""好的,道友。"那些比丘回答道。尊者舍利弗说:

"道友们,什么是内结缚的人?在这里,一位比丘持戒,遵守波罗提木叉的约束,行为举止端正,对微小过失也心存畏惧,受持学处。他身坏命终后,生到某个天界。从那里死后,他会再来此世。道友们,这就叫做内结缚的人,会再来此世。

什么是外结缚的人?在这里,一位比丘持戒,遵守波罗提木叉的约束,行为举止端正,对微小过失也心存畏惧,受持学处。他证得某种寂静的心解脱。他身坏命终后,生到某个天界。从那里死后,他不再来此世。道友们,这就叫做外结缚的人,不再来此世。

再者,道友们,一位比丘持戒...受持学处。他为了厌离欲望、离欲、灭尽而修行。他为了厌离有、离欲、灭尽而修行。他为了灭尽渴爱而修行。他为了灭尽贪欲而修行。他身坏命终后,生到某个天界。从那里死后,他不再来此世。道友们,这也叫做外结缚的人,不再来此世。"

这时,许多心意相同的天神来到佛陀面前,礼敬后站在一旁,然后对佛陀说:"世尊,尊者舍利弗正在东园鹿子母讲堂为比丘们讲解内结缚的人和外结缚的人。听众们都很高兴。世尊,请慈悲前往尊者舍利弗那里。"

世尊默然应允。然后,世尊像壮年人伸展弯曲的手臂或弯曲伸展的手臂那样迅速,从祇树给孤独园消失,出现在东园鹿子母讲堂尊者舍利弗面前。世尊坐在准备好的座位上。尊者舍利弗也礼敬佛陀后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的尊者舍利弗说:

"舍利弗,刚才有许多心意相同的天神来见我,礼敬后站在一旁,然后对我说:'世尊,尊者舍利弗正在东园鹿子母讲堂为比丘们讲解内结缚的人和外结缚的人。听众们都很高兴。世尊,请慈悲前往尊者舍利弗那里。'舍利弗,这些天神,即使十个、二十个、三十个、四十个、五十个、六十个站在针尖上,也不会互相妨碍。舍利弗,你也许会想:'那些天神一定是在那里修心,所以十个、二十个...六十个站在针尖上也不会互相妨碍。'但是,舍利弗,不应该这样看。舍利弗,正是在这里,这些天神修心,所以十个、二十个...六十个站在针尖上也不会互相妨碍。因此,舍利弗,你们应该这样学习:'我们要保持平静的感官,平静的心。'舍利弗,你们就应该这样学习。舍利弗,当你们保持平静的感官和平静的心时,你们的身业、语业、意业都会平静。你们会以平静的方式对待同修。舍利弗,你们就应该这样学习。舍利弗,其他外道游方者都没有听到这个法门。"

巴利语原版经文

4. Samacittavaggo

33

　　 33. “Asappurisabhūmiñca vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi sappurisabhūmiñca. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha. Bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, asappurisabhūmi? Asappuriso, bhikkhave, akataññū hoti akatavedī. Asabbhi hetaṃ, bhikkhave, upaññātaṃ yadidaṃ akataññutā akataveditā. Kevalā esā, bhikkhave, asappurisabhūmi yadidaṃ akataññutā akataveditā. Sappuriso ca kho, bhikkhave, kataññū hoti katavedī. Sabbhi hetaṃ, bhikkhave, upaññātaṃ yadidaṃ kataññutā kataveditā. Kevalā esā, bhikkhave, sappurisabhūmi yadidaṃ kataññutā kataveditā”ti.

34

　　 34. “Dvinnāhaṃ, bhikkhave, na suppatikāraṃ vadāmi. Katamesaṃ dvinnaṃ? Mātu ca pitu ca. Ekena, bhikkhave, aṃsena mātaraṃ parihareyya ekena aṃsena pitaraṃ parihareyya vassasatāyuko vassasatajīvī so ca nesaṃ ucchādanaparimaddananhāpanasambāhanena. Te ca tattheva muttakarīsaṃ cajeyyuṃ. Na tveva, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ kataṃ vā hoti paṭikataṃ vā. Imissā ca, bhikkhave, mahāpathaviyā pahūtarattaratanāya mātāpitaro issarādhipacce rajje patiṭṭhāpeyya, na tveva, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ kataṃ vā hoti paṭikataṃ vā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Bahukārā, bhikkhave, mātāpitaro puttānaṃ āpādakā posakā imassa lokassa dassetāro. Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, mātāpitaro assaddhe saddhāsampadāya samādapeti niveseti patiṭṭhāpeti, dussīle sīlasampadāya samādapeti niveseti patiṭṭhāpeti, maccharī cāgasampadāya samādapeti niveseti patiṭṭhāpeti, duppaññe paññāsampadāya samādapeti niveseti patiṭṭhāpeti, ettāvatā kho, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ katañca hoti paṭikatañcā”ti.

35

　　 35. Atha kho aññataro brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ …pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca “kiṃvādī bhavaṃ gotamo kimakkhāyī”ti? “Kiriyavādī cāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, akiriyavādī cā”ti. “Yathākathaṃ pana bhavaṃ gotamo kiriyavādī ca akiriyavādī cā”ti?

　　 “Akiriyaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vadāmi kāyaduccaritassa vacīduccaritassa manoduccaritassa, anekavihitānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ akiriyaṃ vadāmi. Kiriyañca kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vadāmi kāyasucaritassa vacīsucaritassa manosucaritassa, anekavihitānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ kiriyaṃ vadāmi. Evaṃ kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kiriyavādī ca akiriyavādī cā”ti.

　　 “Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.

36

　　 36. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “kati nu kho, bhante, loke dakkhiṇeyyā, kattha ca dānaṃ dātabban”ti? “Dve kho, gahapati, loke dakkhiṇeyyā– sekho ca asekho ca. Ime kho, gahapati, dve loke dakkhiṇeyyā, ettha ca dānaṃ dātabban”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

　　“Sekho asekho ca imasmiṃ loke,

　　Āhuneyyā yajamānānaṃ honti.

　　Te ujjubhūtā kāyena, vācāya uda cetasā.

　　Khettaṃ taṃ yajamānānaṃ, ettha dinnaṃ mahapphalan”ti.

37

　　 37. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi– “āvuso bhikkhave”ti. “Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca– “ajjhattasaṃyojanañca, āvuso, puggalaṃ desessāmi bahiddhāsaṃyojanañca. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca–

　　 “Katamo cāvuso, ajjhattasaṃyojano puggalo? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ upapajjati. So tato cuto āgāmī hoti, āgantā itthattaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, āvuso, ajjhattasaṃyojano puggalo āgāmī hoti, āgantā itthattaṃ.

　　 “Katamo cāvuso, bahiddhāsaṃyojano puggalo? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So aññataraṃ santaṃ cetovimuttiṃ upasampajja viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ upapajjati. So tato cuto anāgāmī hoti, anāgantā itthattaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccatāvuso, bahiddhāsaṃyojano puggalo anāgāmī hoti, anāgantā itthattaṃ.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. So kāmānaṃyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. So bhavānaṃyeva nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. So taṇhākkhayāya paṭipanno hoti. So lobhakkhayāya paṭipanno hoti. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ upapajjati. So tato cuto anāgāmī hoti, anāgantā itthattaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccatāvuso, bahiddhāsaṃyojano puggalo anāgāmī hoti, anāgantā itthattan”ti.

　　 Atha kho sambahulā samacittā devatā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho tā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ “eso, bhante, āyasmā sāriputto pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde bhikkhūnaṃ ajjhattasaṃyojanañca puggalaṃ deseti bahiddhāsaṃyojanañca. Haṭṭhā, bhante, parisā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho bhagavā– seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evamevaṃ– jetavane antarahito pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde āyasmato sāriputtassa sammukhe pāturahosi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Āyasmāpi kho sāriputto bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Idha, sāriputta, sambahulā samacittā devatā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho, sāriputta, tā devatā maṃ etadavocuṃ– ‘eso, bhante, āyasmā sāriputto pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde bhikkhūnaṃ ajjhattasaṃyojanañca puggalaṃ deseti bahiddhāsaṃyojanañca. Haṭṭhā, bhante, parisā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yena āyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti. Tā kho pana, sāriputta, devatā dasapi hutvā vīsampi hutvā tiṃsampi hutvā cattālīsampi hutvā paññāsampi hutvā saṭṭhipi hutvā āraggakoṭinitudanamattepi tiṭṭhanti, na ca aññamaññaṃ byābādhenti. Siyā kho pana, sāriputta, evamassa– ‘tattha nūna tāsaṃ devatānaṃ tathā cittaṃ bhāvitaṃ yena tā devatā dasapi hutvā vīsampi hutvā tiṃsampi hutvā cattālīsampi hutvā paññāsampi hutvā saṭṭhipi hutvā āraggakoṭinitudanamattepi tiṭṭhanti na ca aññamaññaṃ byābādhentī’ti. Na kho panetaṃ, sāriputta, evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Idheva kho, sāriputta, tāsaṃ devatānaṃ tathā cittaṃ bhāvitaṃ, yena tā devatā dasapi hutvā …pe… na ca aññamaññaṃ byābādhenti. Tasmātiha, sāriputta, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ– ‘santindriyā bhavissāma santamānasā’ti. Evañhi vo, sāriputta, sikkhitabbaṃ. ‘Santindriyānañhi vo, sāriputta, santamānasānaṃ santaṃyeva kāyakammaṃ bhavissati santaṃ vacīkammaṃ santaṃ manokammaṃ. Santaṃyeva upahāraṃ upaharissāma sabrahmacārīsū’ti. ‘Evañhi vo, sāriputta, sikkhitabbaṃ. Anassuṃ kho, sāriputta, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā ye imaṃ dhammapariyāyaṃ nāssosun’”ti.