88 长老经

"比丘们，具足五法的长老比丘，会导致众人的不利，众人的不乐，众多人的无益，不利，痛苦，天神与人类的痛苦。

"哪五法？他是长老，经历多夜，出家已久；他广为人知，有名声，为在家众与出家众所熟知，拥有众多随从；他获得衣服、饮食、住所、医药等必需品；他多闻，持法，积聚所闻，那些法从初善、中善到最后也善，具足义理和文句，宣说完全圆满清净的梵行，他对这些法多闻、忆持、口诵熟练、内心思维、以见识洞察；但他持邪见，见解颠倒，使许多人离开正法，安立于非正法。因为他是'历经多夜、出家已久的长老比丘'，人们就追随他的见解；因为他是'广为人知、有名声、为在家众与出家众所熟知，拥有众多随从的长老比丘'，人们就追随他的见解；因为他是'获得衣服、饮食、住所、医药等必需品的长老比丘'，人们就追随他的见解；因为他是'多闻、持法、积聚所闻的长老比丘'，人们就追随他的见解。比丘们，这就是具足五法的长老比丘，会导致众人的不利，众人的不乐，众多人的无益，不利，痛苦，天神与人类的痛苦。

"比丘们，具足五法的长老比丘，会导致众人的利益，众人的安乐，众多人的福祉，利益，快乐，天神与人类的快乐。

"哪五法？他是长老，经历多夜，出家已久；他广为人知，有名声，为在家众与出家众所熟知，拥有众多随从；他获得衣服、饮食、住所、医药等必需品；他多闻，持法，积聚所闻，那些法从初善、中善到最后也善，具足义理和文句，宣说完全圆满清净的梵行，他对这些法多闻、忆持、口诵熟练、内心思维、以见识善于洞察；他持正见，见解不颠倒，使许多人离开非正法，安立于正法。因为他是'历经多夜、出家已久的长老比丘'，人们就追随他的见解；因为他是'广为人知、有名声、为在家众与出家众所熟知，拥有众多随从的长老比丘'，人们就追随他的见解；因为他是'获得衣服、饮食、住所、医药等必需品的长老比丘'，人们就追随他的见解；因为他是'多闻、持法、积聚所闻的长老比丘'，人们就追随他的见解。比丘们，这就是具足五法的长老比丘，会导致众人的利益，众人的安乐，众多人的福祉，利益，快乐，天神与人类的快乐。"第八经。

89 第一学习经

"比丘们，这五法会导致有学比丘的退步。哪五法？喜爱工作，喜爱闲谈，喜爱睡眠，喜爱社交，不观察如何解脱的心。比丘们，这五法会导致有学比丘的退步。

"比丘们，这五法会导致有学比丘的不退步。哪五法？不喜爱工作，不喜爱闲谈，不喜爱睡眠，不喜爱社交，观察如何解脱的心。比丘们，这五法会导致有学比丘的不退步。"第九经。

90 第二学习经

"比丘们，这五法会导致有学比丘的退步。哪五法？在此，比丘们，有学比丘忙于众多事务，有许多职责，在任务中精通；他放弃独处，不修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘退步的第一法。

"再者，比丘们，有学比丘花费整天时间在琐事上；他放弃独处，不修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘退步的第二法。

"再者，比丘们，有学比丘与在家人和出家人过分交往，以不适合的方式与俗人交往；他放弃独处，不修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘退步的第三法。

"再者，比丘们，有学比丘在不适当的时间进入村庄，过晚返回；他放弃独处，不修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘退步的第四法。

"再者，比丘们，有关那些能够削减烦恼、有助于开启心灵的话题，如少欲知足、远离、不交际、精进、戒律、禅定、智慧、解脱、解脱知见等话题，有学比丘不容易获得，不能轻松获得，不能毫不费力地获得；他放弃独处，不修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘退步的第五法。比丘们，这五法会导致有学比丘的退步。

"比丘们，这五法会导致有学比丘的不退步。哪五法？在此，比丘们，有学比丘不忙于众多事务，没有许多职责，但在任务中精通；他不放弃独处，修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘不退步的第一法。

"再者，比丘们，有学比丘不花费整天时间在琐事上；他不放弃独处，修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘不退步的第二法。

"再者，比丘们，有学比丘不与在家人和出家人过分交往，不以不适合的方式与俗人交往；他不放弃独处，修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘不退步的第三法。

"再者，比丘们，有学比丘不在不适当的时间进入村庄，不过晚返回；他不放弃独处，修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘不退步的第四法。

"再者，比丘们，有关那些能够削减烦恼、有助于开启心灵的话题，如少欲知足、远离、不交际、精进、戒律、禅定、智慧、解脱、解脱知见等话题，有学比丘容易获得，能轻松获得，能毫不费力地获得；他不放弃独处，修习内心的宁静。这是有学比丘不退步的第五法。比丘们，这五法会导致有学比丘的不退步。"第十经。

长老品第四。

其摘要：

贪著者、离贪者、欺诳者、无信者、不堪忍者、

辩才、戒行、长老、有学者，后二者。

巴利语原版经文

AN.5.88/ 8. Therasuttaṃ

　　 88. “Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato thero bhikkhu bahujana-ahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujana-asukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ.

　　 “Katamehi pañcahi? Thero hoti rattaññū cirapabbajito; ñāto hoti yasassī sagahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ bahujanaparivāro; lābhī hoti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsana-gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā appaṭividdhā; micchādiṭṭhiko hoti viparītadassano, so bahujanaṃ saddhammā vuṭṭhāpetvā asaddhamme patiṭṭhāpeti. Thero bhikkhu rattaññū cirapabbajito itipissa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti ñāto thero bhikkhu yasassī sagahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ bahujanaparivāro itipissa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, lābhī thero bhikkhu cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccaya-bhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ itipissa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, bahussuto thero bhikkhu sutadharo sutasannicayo itipissa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato thero bhikkhu bahujana-ahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujana-asukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ.

　　 “Pañcahi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato thero bhikkhu bahujanahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanasukhāya bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.

　　 “Katamehi pañcahi? Thero hoti rattaññū cirapabbajito; ñāto hoti yasassī sagahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ bahujanaparivāro; lābhī hoti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsana-gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; sammādiṭṭhiko hoti aviparītadassano, so bahujanaṃ asaddhammā vuṭṭhāpetvā saddhamme patiṭṭhāpeti. Thero bhikkhu rattaññū cirapabbajito itipissa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, ñāto thero bhikkhu yasassī sagahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ bahujanaparivāro itipissa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, lābhī thero bhikkhu cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilāna-ppaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ itipissa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, bahussuto thero bhikkhu sutadharo sutasannicayo itipissa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato thero bhikkhu bahujanahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanasukhāya bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

AN.5.89/ 9. Paṭhamasekhasuttaṃ

　　 89. “Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca Kammārāmatā, bhassārāmatā, niddārāmatā, saṅgaṇikārāmatā, yathāvimuttaṃ cittaṃ na paccavekkhati– ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattanti.

　　 “Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Na kammārāmatā, na bhassārāmatā, na niddārāmatā, na saṅgaṇikārāmatā, yathāvimuttaṃ cittaṃ paccavekkhati– ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattantī”ti. Navamaṃ.

AN.5.90/ 10. Dutiyasekhasuttaṃ

　　 90. “Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu bahukicco hoti bahukaraṇīyo viyatto kiṃkaraṇīyesu; riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu appamattakena kammena divasaṃ atināmeti; riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu saṃsaṭṭho viharati gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi ananulomikena gihisaṃsaggena; riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu akālena gāmaṃ pavisati, atidivā paṭikkamati; riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu yāyaṃ kathā ābhisallekhikā cetovivaraṇasappāyā, seyyathidaṃ– appicchakathā santuṭṭhikathā pavivekakathā asaṃsaggakathā vīriyārambhakathā sīlakathā samādhikathā paññākathā vimuttikathā vimuttiñāṇadassanakathā, evarūpiyā kathāya na nikāmalābhī hoti na akicchalābhī na akasiralābhī; riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattanti.

　　 “Pañcime, bhikkhave, dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu na bahukicco hoti na bahukaraṇīyo viyatto kiṃkaraṇīyesu; na riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, anuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu na appamattakena kammena divasaṃ atināmeti; na riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, anuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu asaṃsaṭṭho viharati gahaṭṭhapabbajitehi ananulomikena gihisaṃsaggena; na riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, anuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu na atikālena gāmaṃ pavisati, nātidivā paṭikkamati; na riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, anuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, catuttho dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattati.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu yāyaṃ kathā ābhisallekhikā cetovivaraṇasappāyā, seyyathidaṃ– appicchakathā santuṭṭhikathā pavivekakathā asaṃsaggakathā vīriyārambhakathā sīlakathā samādhikathā paññākathā vimuttikathā vimuttiñāṇadassanakathā, evarūpiyā kathāya nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; na riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, anuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, pañcamo dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattantī”ti. Dasamaṃ.

　　Theravaggo catuttho.

　　 Tassuddānaṃ–

　　 Rajanīyo vītarāgo, kuhakāssaddha-akkhamā;

　　 Paṭisambhidā ca sīlena, thero sekhā pare duveti.