255 追求经

"比丘们，这是四种非圣者的追求。哪四种？在此，比丘们：

一个人自己会衰老，却只追求会衰老的事物；

一个人自己会生病，却只追求会生病的事物；

一个人自己会死亡，却只追求会死亡的事物；

一个人自己会污染，却只追求会污染的事物。

比丘们，这就是四种非圣者的追求。

比丘们，这是四种圣者的追求。哪四种？在此，比丘们：

一个人虽然会衰老，但了知衰老的过患后，追求不老的、无上的、安稳的涅槃；

一个人虽然会生病，但了知疾病的过患后，追求无病的、无上的、安稳的涅槃；

一个人虽然会死亡，但了知死亡的过患后，追求不死的、无上的、安稳的涅槃；

一个人虽然会污染，但了知污染的过患后，追求无污染的、无上的、安稳的涅槃。

比丘们，这就是四种圣者的追求。"

256 摄事经

"比丘们，这是四种摄受众生的事。哪四种？布施、爱语、利行、同事。比丘们，这就是四种摄受众生的事。"

257 摩鲁迦子经

这时，尊者摩鲁迦子来到世尊所在处；来到后，向世尊礼敬，然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者摩鲁迦子对世尊如此说：

"世尊，请为我简要说法，我听闻世尊之法后，将独处、远离、不放逸、精进、专注地安住。"

"摩鲁迦子，现在对此我该对年轻比丘说什么呢？你已经衰老、年迈，却还要向如来请求简要的教导！"

"世尊，请为我简要说法；善逝，请为我简要说法。或许我能理解世尊所说的义理，或许我能成为世尊教法的继承者。"

"摩鲁迦子，这四种是生起渴爱的因缘，使比丘生起渴爱。哪四种？

摩鲁迦子，因为衣服而使比丘生起渴爱

摩鲁迦子，因为饮食而使比丘生起渴爱

摩鲁迦子，因为住处而使比丘生起渴爱

摩鲁迦子，因为存在与非存在而使比丘生起渴爱

摩鲁迦子，这就是四种使比丘生起渴爱的因缘。

摩鲁迦子，当比丘的渴爱已断除，根已切断如同棕榈树桩，成为非有，于未来不再生起，这样的比丘就被称为'已断除渴爱，解开结缚，以正确理解我慢而究竟解脱苦'。"

这时尊者摩鲁迦子听闻世尊这个教导后，从座位起身，向世尊礼敬，右绕后离去。之后尊者摩鲁迦子独处、远离、不放逸、精进、专注地安住，不久便证得 善男子正确地从在家出家所追求的 无上梵行的究竟。他亲身证知："生已尽，梵行已立，所作已办，不受后有。"这样，尊者摩鲁迦子成为阿罗汉之一。

258 家族经

"比丘们，任何家族获得财富后不能长久维持，都是因为这四种原因，或其中之一。哪四种？

不寻找失去的东西

不修复破旧的东西

饮食无节制

让破戒的男人或女人掌管家务

比丘们，任何家族获得财富后不能长久维持，都是因为这四种原因，或其中之一。

比丘们，任何家族获得财富后能长久维持，都是因为这四种原因，或其中之一。哪四种？

寻找失去的东西

修复破旧的东西

饮食有节制

让持戒的男人或女人掌管家务

比丘们，任何家族获得财富后能长久维持，都是因为这四种原因，或其中之一。"

259 第一良马经

"比丘们，具备四种特质的王家良马，堪能供王使用，成为王的财产，被视为王的肢体。哪四种？在此，比丘们，王家良马：

具备优良的外形

具备力量

具备速度

具备适当的身材高度与周长

比丘们，具备这四种特质的王家良马，堪能供王使用，成为王的财产，被视为王的肢体。

同样地，比丘们，具备四法的比丘是值得供养的...乃至...是世间无上的福田。哪四法？在此，比丘们，比丘：

具备优良的外形

具备力量

具备速度

具备适当的身材高度与周长

比丘们，什么是比丘具备优良的外形？在此，比丘们，比丘持戒...乃至...受持学处。这就是比丘具备优良的外形。

比丘们，什么是比丘具备力量？在此，比丘们，比丘精进安住，为断除不善法，成就善法而努力，坚定勇猛，不舍善法。这就是比丘具备力量。

比丘们，什么是比丘具备速度？在此，比丘们，比丘如实了知'这是苦'...乃至...'这是导向苦灭的道路'。这就是比丘具备速度。

比丘们，什么是比丘具备适当的身材高度与周长？在此，比丘们，比丘获得衣服、饮食、住处、病患医药等必需品。这就是比丘具备适当的身材高度与周长。

比丘们，具备这四法的比丘是值得供养的...乃至...是世间无上的福田。"

巴利语原版经文

AN.4.255/ 2. Pariyesanāsuttaṃ

　　 255. “Catasso imā, bhikkhave, anariyapariyesanā. Katamā catasso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco attanā jarādhammo samāno jarādhammaṃyeva pariyesati; attanā byādhidhammo samāno byādhidhammaṃyeva pariyesati; attanā maraṇadhammo samāno maraṇadhammaṃyeva pariyesati; attanā saṃkilesadhammo samāno saṃkilesadhammaṃyeva pariyesati. Imā kho, bhikkhave, catasso anariyapariyesanā.

　　 “Catasso imā, bhikkhave, ariyapariyesanā. Katamā catasso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco attanā jarādhammo samāno jarādhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā ajaraṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyesati; attanā byādhidhammo samāno byādhidhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā abyādhiṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyesati; attanā maraṇadhammo samāno maraṇadhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā amataṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyesati; attanā saṃkilesadhammo samāno saṃkilesadhamme ādīnavaṃ viditvā asaṃkiliṭṭhaṃ anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nibbānaṃ pariyesati. Imā kho, bhikkhave catasso ariyapariyesanā”ti. Dutiyaṃ.

AN.4.256/ 3. Saṅgahavatthusuttaṃ

　　 256. “Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, saṅgahavatthūni. Katamāni cattāri? Dānaṃ, peyyavajjaṃ, atthacariyā, samānattatā– imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri saṅgahavatthūnī”ti.

AN.4.257/ 4. Mālukyaputtasuttaṃ

　　 257. Atha kho āyasmā mālukyaputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mālukyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

　　 “Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyyan”ti. “Ettha idāni, mālukyaputta, kiṃ dahare bhikkhū vakkhāma; yatra hi nāma tvaṃ jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako tathāgatassa saṃkhittena ovādaṃ yācasī”ti! “Desetu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ; desetu sugato saṃkhittena dhammaṃ. Appeva nāmāhaṃ bhagavato bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājāneyyaṃ; appeva nāmāhaṃ bhagavato bhāsitassa dāyādo assan”ti.

　　 “Cattārome mālukyaputta, taṇhuppādā yattha bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Katame cattāro? Cīvarahetu vā, mālukyaputta, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Piṇḍapātahetu vā, mālukyaputta, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Senāsanahetu vā, mālukyaputta, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Itibhavābhavahetu vā, mālukyaputta, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Ime kho, mālukyaputta, cattāro taṇhuppādā yattha bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Yato kho, mālukyaputta bhikkhuno taṇhā pahīnā hoti ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā, ayaṃ vuccati, mālukyaputta, ‘bhikkhu acchecchi taṇhaṃ, vivattayi saṃyojanaṃ, sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’”ti.

　　 Atha kho āyasmā mālukyaputto bhagavatā iminā ovādena ovadito uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā mālukyaputto eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva– yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ– brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. “Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā mālukyaputto arahataṃ ahosīti. Catutthaṃ.

AN.4.258/ 5. Kulasuttaṃ

　　 258. “Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, kulāni bhogesu mahattaṃ pattāni na ciraṭṭhitikāni bhavanti, sabbāni tāni catūhi ṭhānehi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena. Katamehi catūhi? Naṭṭhaṃ na gavesanti, jiṇṇaṃ na paṭisaṅkharonti, aparimitapānabhojanā honti, dussīlaṃ itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā ādhipacce ṭhapenti. Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, kulāni bhogesu mahattaṃ pattāni na ciraṭṭhitikāni bhavanti, sabbāni tāni imehi catūhi ṭhānehi etesaṃ vā aññatarena.

　　 “Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, kulāni bhogesu mahattaṃ pattāni ciraṭṭhitikāni bhavanti, sabbāni tāni catūhi ṭhānehi, etesaṃ vā aññatarena. Katamehi catūhi? Naṭṭhaṃ gavesanti, jiṇṇaṃ paṭisaṅkharonti, parimitapānabhojanā honti, sīlavantaṃ itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā ādhipacce ṭhapenti. Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, kulāni bhogesu mahattaṃ pattāni ciraṭṭhitikāni bhavanti, sabbāni tāni imehi catūhi ṭhānehi, etesaṃ vā aññatarenā”ti. Pañcamaṃ.

AN.4.259/ 6. Paṭhama-ājānīyasuttaṃ

　　 259. “Catūhi bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato rañño bhadro assājānīyo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño bhadro assājānīyo vaṇṇasampanno ca hoti balasampanno ca javasampanno ca ārohapariṇāhasampanno ca. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi aṅgehi samannāgato rañño bhadro assājānīyo rājāraho hoti rājabhoggo, rañño aṅganteva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.

　　 “Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti …pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vaṇṇasampanno ca hoti balasampanno ca javasampanno ca ārohapariṇāhasampanno ca.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vaṇṇasampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vaṇṇasampanno hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu balasampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu balasampanno hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu javasampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu javasampanno hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ārohapariṇāhasampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu lābhī hoti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajja-parikkhārānaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ārohapariṇāhasampanno hoti

　　 “Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu āhuneyyo hoti …pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.