244 犯戒之怖畏经

"比丘们，有四种犯戒的怖畏。是哪四种呢？

比如说，比丘们，有人抓住一个作恶的盗贼，带到国王面前说：'陛下，这是一个作恶的盗贼。请陛下对他判刑。'国王就这样说：'去吧，用坚固的绳子把这个人的手反绑在背后，剃光他的头发，敲着刺耳的鼓，从一条街到另一条街，从一个十字路口到另一个十字路口，从南门带出去，在城南砍下他的头。'国王的侍从就用坚固的绳子把他的手反绑在背后，剃光他的头发，敲着刺耳的鼓，从一条街到另一条街，从一个十字路口到另一个十字路口，从南门带出去，在城南砍下他的头。

这时，站在一旁的人会这样想：'这个人做了极其邪恶的事，应该被砍头。因为国王的侍从用坚固的绳子把他的手反绑在背后，剃光他的头发，敲着刺耳的鼓，从一条街到另一条街，从一个十字路口到另一个十字路口，从南门带出去，在城南要砍下他的头。我决不能做这样邪恶的事，以免遭受砍头之罚。'同样地，比丘们，如果任何比丘或比丘尼对波罗夷法有如此强烈的怖畏感，可以预期他们要么不会犯波罗夷戒，要么如果已经犯了，就会按照法律忏悔。

比如说，比丘们，有人穿着黑衣，披散着头发，扛着杵在肩上，来到大众面前说：'尊者们，我做了应受杵击的邪恶之事。请做任何能让你们满意的事。'这时，站在一旁的人会这样想：'这个人做了应受杵击的邪恶之事。因为他穿着黑衣，披散着头发，扛着杵在肩上，来到大众面前说："尊者们，我做了应受杵击的邪恶之事。请做任何能让你们满意的事。"我决不能做这样邪恶的事，以免遭受杵击之罚。'同样地，比丘们，如果任何比丘或比丘尼对僧残法有如此强烈的怖畏感，可以预期他们要么不会犯僧残戒，要么如果已经犯了，就会按照法律忏悔。

比如说，比丘们，有人穿着黑衣，披散着头发，扛着灰袋在肩上，来到大众面前说：'尊者们，我做了应受灰袋之罚的邪恶之事。请做任何能让你们满意的事。'这时，站在一旁的人会这样想：'这个人做了应受灰袋之罚的邪恶之事。因为他穿着黑衣，披散着头发，扛着灰袋在肩上，来到大众面前说："尊者们，我做了应受灰袋之罚的邪恶之事。请做任何能让你们满意的事。"我决不能做这样邪恶的事，以免遭受灰袋之罚。'同样地，比丘们，如果任何比丘或比丘尼对波逸提法有如此强烈的怖畏感，可以预期他们要么不会犯波逸提戒，要么如果已经犯了，就会按照法律忏悔。

比如说，比丘们，有人穿着黑衣，披散着头发，来到大众面前说：'尊者们，我做了应受谴责的邪恶之事。请做任何能让你们满意的事。'这时，站在一旁的人会这样想：'这个人做了应受谴责的邪恶之事。因为他穿着黑衣，披散着头发，来到大众面前说："尊者们，我做了应受谴责的邪恶之事。请做任何能让你们满意的事。"我决不能做这样邪恶的事，以免遭受谴责。'同样地，比丘们，如果任何比丘或比丘尼对波罗提舍尼法有如此强烈的怖畏感，可以预期他们要么不会犯波罗提舍尼戒，要么如果已经犯了，就会按照法律忏悔。

这就是四种犯戒的怖畏。"

245 学处功德经

"比丘们，这梵行生活是为了学处的利益，以智慧为上首，以解脱为核心，以正念为主导。

怎样是为了学处的利益呢？在此，比丘们，我为弟子们制定了威仪戒，为了使不信者生信，使已信者信心增长。正如，比丘们，我为弟子们制定这些威仪戒，为了使不信者生信，使已信者信心增长，他就完整地受持这些学处，不破不漏，无染无垢，守持学处。

再者，比丘们，我为弟子们制定了根本梵行戒，为了完全灭苦。正如，比丘们，我为弟子们制定这些根本梵行戒，为了完全灭苦，他就完整地受持这些学处，不破不漏，无染无垢，守持学处。这就是为了学处的利益。

怎样是以智慧为上首呢？在此，比丘们，我为弟子们说法，为了完全灭苦。正如，比丘们，我为弟子们说法，为了完全灭苦，他们就以智慧观察这些法。这就是以智慧为上首。

怎样是以解脱为核心呢？在此，比丘们，我为弟子们说法，为了完全灭苦。正如，比丘们，我为弟子们说法，为了完全灭苦，他们就以解脱证悟这些法。这就是以解脱为核心。

怎样是以正念为主导呢？'如是，我要么完成未完成的威仪戒，要么以智慧护持已完成的威仪戒'- 这样的正念在内心确立。'如是，我要么完成未完成的根本梵行戒，要么以智慧护持已完成的根本梵行戒'- 这样的正念在内心确立。'如是，我要么以智慧观察未观察的法，要么以智慧护持已观察的法'- 这样的正念在内心确立。'如是，我要么以解脱证悟未证悟的法，要么以智慧护持已证悟的法'- 这样的正念在内心确立。这就是以正念为主导。

'这梵行生活是为了学处的利益，以智慧为上首，以解脱为核心，以正念为主导'，这样所说的，就是基于这个道理而说的。第三。"

巴利语原版经文

244/ 2. Āpattibhayasuttaṃ

　　 244. “Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, āpattibhayāni. Katamāni cattāri? Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā rañño dasseyyuṃ– ‘ayaṃ te, deva, coro āgucārī. Imassa devo daṇḍaṃ paṇetū’ti. Tamenaṃ rājā evaṃ vadeyya– ‘gacchatha bho, imaṃ purisaṃ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chindathā’ti. Tamenaṃ rañño purisā daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chindeyyuṃ. Tatraññatarassa thalaṭṭhassa purisassa evamassa– ‘pāpakaṃ vata, bho, ayaṃ puriso kammaṃ akāsi gārayhaṃ sīsacchejjaṃ. Yatra hi nāma rañño purisā daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chindissanti So vatassāhaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakammaṃ na kareyyaṃ gārayhaṃ sīsacchejjan’ti. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā evaṃ tibbā bhayasaññā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti pārājikesu dhammesu. Tassetaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ– anāpanno vā pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ na āpajjissati, āpanno vā pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ yathādhammaṃ paṭikarissati.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso kāḷavatthaṃ paridhāya kese pakiritvā musalaṃ khandhe āropetvā mahājanakāyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya– ‘ahaṃ, bhante, pāpakammaṃ akāsiṃ gārayhaṃ mosallaṃ, yena me āyasmanto attamanā honti taṃ karomī’ti. Tatraññatarassa thalaṭṭhassa purisassa evamassa– ‘pāpakaṃ vata, bho, ayaṃ puriso kammaṃ akāsi gārayhaṃ mosallaṃ. Yatra hi nāma kāḷavatthaṃ paridhāya kese pakiritvā musalaṃ khandhe āropetvā mahājanakāyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vakkhati– ‘ahaṃ, bhante, pāpakammaṃ akāsiṃ gārayhaṃ mosallaṃ, yena me āyasmanto attamanā honti taṃ karomīti. So vatassāhaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakammaṃ na kareyyaṃ gārayhaṃ mosallan’ti. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā evaṃ tibbā bhayasaññā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti saṅghādisesesu dhammesu, tassetaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ– anāpanno vā saṅghādisesaṃ dhammaṃ na āpajjissati, āpanno vā saṅghādisesaṃ dhammaṃ yathādhammaṃ paṭikarissati.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso kāḷavatthaṃ paridhāya kese pakiritvā bhasmapuṭaṃ khandhe āropetvā mahājanakāyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya– ‘ahaṃ, bhante, pāpakammaṃ akāsiṃ gārayhaṃ bhasmapuṭaṃ. Yena me āyasmanto attamanā honti taṃ karomī’ti. Tatraññatarassa thalaṭṭhassa purisassa evamassa– ‘pāpakaṃ vata, bho, ayaṃ puriso kammaṃ akāsi gārayhaṃ bhasmapuṭaṃ. Yatra hi nāma kāḷavatthaṃ paridhāya kese pakiritvā bhasmapuṭaṃ khandhe āropetvā mahājanakāyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vakkhati– ahaṃ, bhante, pāpakammaṃ akāsiṃ gārayhaṃ bhasmapuṭaṃ; yena me āyasmanto attamanā honti taṃ karomīti. So vatassāhaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakammaṃ na kareyyaṃ gārayhaṃ bhasmapuṭan’ti. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā evaṃ tibbā bhayasaññā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti pācittiyesu dhammesu tassetaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – anāpanno vā pācittiyaṃ dhammaṃ na āpajjissati, āpanno vā pācittiyaṃ dhammaṃ yathādhammaṃ paṭikarissati.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso kāḷavatthaṃ paridhāya kese pakiritvā mahājanakāyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya– ‘ahaṃ, bhante, pāpakammaṃ akāsiṃ gārayhaṃ upavajjaṃ. Yena me āyasmanto attamanā honti taṃ karomī’ti. Tatraññatarassa thalaṭṭhassa purisassa evamassa – ‘pāpakaṃ vata, bho, ayaṃ puriso kammaṃ akāsi gārayhaṃ upavajjaṃ. Yatra hi nāma kāḷavatthaṃ paridhāya kese pakiritvā mahājanakāyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vakkhati– ahaṃ, bhante, pāpakammaṃ akāsiṃ gārayhaṃ upavajjaṃ; yena me āyasmanto attamanā honti taṃ karomīti. So vatassāhaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakammaṃ na kareyyaṃ gārayhaṃ upavajjan’ti. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā evaṃ tibbā bhayasaññā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti pāṭidesanīyesu dhammesu, tassetaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ– anāpanno vā pāṭidesanīyaṃ dhammaṃ na āpajjissati, āpanno vā pāṭidesanīyaṃ dhammaṃ yathādhammaṃ paṭikarissati. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri āpattibhayānī”ti. Dutiyaṃ.

245/ 3. Sikkhānisaṃsasuttaṃ

　　 245. “Sikkhānisaṃsamidaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati paññuttaraṃ vimuttisāraṃ satādhipateyyaṃ. Kathañca, bhikkhave, sikkhānisaṃsaṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, mayā sāvakānaṃ ābhisamācārikā sikkhā paññattā appasannānaṃ pasādāya pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāya. Yathā yathā, bhikkhave, mayā sāvakānaṃ ābhisamācārikā sikkhā paññattā appasannānaṃ pasādāya pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāya tathā tathā so tassā sikkhāya akhaṇḍakārī hoti acchiddakārī asabalakārī akammāsakārī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, mayā sāvakānaṃ ādibrahmacariyikā sikkhā paññattā sabbaso sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yathā yathā, bhikkhave, mayā sāvakānaṃ ādibrahmacariyikā sikkhā paññattā sabbaso sammā dukkhakkhayāya tathā tathā so tassā sikkhāya akhaṇḍakārī hoti acchiddakārī asabalakārī akammāsakārī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sikkhānisaṃsaṃ hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, paññuttaraṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, mayā sāvakānaṃ dhammā desitā sabbaso sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yathā yathā, bhikkhave, mayā sāvakānaṃ dhammā desitā sabbaso sammā dukkhakkhayāya tathā tathāssa te dhammā paññāya samavekkhitā honti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, paññuttaraṃ hoti.

　　 “Kathañca bhikkhave, vimuttisāraṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, mayā sāvakānaṃ dhammā desitā sabbaso sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yathā yathā, bhikkhave, mayā sāvakānaṃ dhammā desitā sabbaso sammā dukkhakkhayāya tathā tathāssa te dhammā vimuttiyā phusitā honti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, vimuttisāraṃ hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, satādhipateyyaṃ hoti? ‘Iti aparipūraṃ vā ābhisamācārikaṃ sikkhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā ābhisamācārikaṃ sikkhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmī’ti– ajjhattaṃyeva sati sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. ‘Iti aparipūraṃ vā ādibrahmacariyikaṃ sikkhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā ādibrahmacariyikaṃ sikkhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmī’ti– ajjhattaṃyeva sati sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. ‘Iti asamavekkhitaṃ vā dhammaṃ paññāya samavekkhissāmi, samavekkhitaṃ vā dhammaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmī’ti– ajjhattaṃyeva sati sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. ‘Iti aphusitaṃ vā dhammaṃ vimuttiyā phusissāmi, phusitaṃ vā dhammaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmī’ti– ajjhattaṃyeva sati sūpaṭṭhitā hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, satādhipateyyaṃ hoti. ‘Sikkhānisaṃsamidaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati paññuttaraṃ vimuttisāraṃ satādhipateyyan’ti, iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ idametaṃ paṭicca vuttan”ti. Tatiyaṃ.