增支部4集91经到95经

阿修罗品

91 阿修罗经

"比丘们,这个世界上存在四种人。是哪四种呢?阿修罗与阿修罗为伴,阿修罗与天神为伴,天神与阿修罗为伴,天神与天神为伴。

"比丘们,什么样的人是阿修罗与阿修罗为伴呢?在这里,某人品行不端,性格恶劣,他的随从也是品行不端,性格恶劣。比丘们,这就是阿修罗与阿修罗为伴的人。

"比丘们,什么样的人是阿修罗与天神为伴呢?在这里,某人品行不端,性格恶劣,但他的随从却是有德行,品性善良。比丘们,这就是阿修罗与天神为伴的人。

"比丘们,什么样的人是天神与阿修罗为伴呢?在这里,某人有德行,品性善良,但他的随从却是品行不端,性格恶劣。比丘们,这就是天神与阿修罗为伴的人。

"比丘们,什么样的人是天神与天神为伴呢?在这里,某人有德行,品性善良,他的随从也是有德行,品性善良。比丘们,这就是天神与天神为伴的人。比丘们,这就是世界上存在的四种人。"第一。

92 第一禅定经

"比丘们,这个世界上存在四种人。是哪四种呢?在这里,某人获得内心平静,但未获得高等智慧的法观。在这里,某人获得高等智慧的法观,但未获得内心平静。在这里,某人既未获得内心平静,也未获得高等智慧的法观。在这里,某人既获得内心平静,又获得高等智慧的法观。比丘们,这就是世界上存在的四种人。"第二。

93 第二禅定经

"比丘们,这个世界上存在四种人。是哪四种呢?在这里,某人获得内心平静,但未获得高等智慧的法观。在这里,某人获得高等智慧的法观,但未获得内心平静。在这里,某人既未获得内心平静,也未获得高等智慧的法观。在这里,某人既获得内心平静,又获得高等智慧的法观。

"比丘们,对于那个获得内心平静但未获得高等智慧法观的人,他应该在内心平静的基础上努力修习高等智慧的法观。这样,他日后就能既获得内心平静,又获得高等智慧的法观。

"比丘们,对于那个获得高等智慧法观但未获得内心平静的人,他应该在高等智慧法观的基础上努力修习内心平静。这样,他日后就能既获得高等智慧的法观,又获得内心平静。

"比丘们,对于那个既未获得内心平静也未获得高等智慧法观的人,他应该为了获得这些善法而生起强烈的意愿、努力、热忱、坚持不懈、正念和正知。就像一个衣服或头发着火的人,为了扑灭火焰会生起强烈的意愿、努力、热忱、坚持不懈、正念和正知一样。同样地,这个人也应该为了获得这些善法而生起强烈的意愿、努力、热忱、坚持不懈、正念和正知。这样,他日后就能既获得内心平静,又获得高等智慧的法观。

"比丘们,对于那个既获得内心平静又获得高等智慧法观的人,他应该在这些善法的基础上,进一步努力断尽烦恼。比丘们,这就是世界上存在的四种人。"第三。

94 第三禅定经

"比丘们,这个世界上存在四种人。是哪四种呢?在这里,某人获得内心平静,但未获得高等智慧的法观。在这里,某人获得高等智慧的法观,但未获得内心平静。在这里,某人既未获得内心平静,也未获得高等智慧的法观。在这里,某人既获得内心平静,又获得高等智慧的法观。

"比丘们,对于那个获得内心平静但未获得高等智慧法观的人,他应该去拜访那个获得高等智慧法观的人,并这样问他:'朋友,应该如何看待诸行?如何思考诸行?如何观察诸行?'那人会根据自己所见所知回答说:'朋友,应该这样看待诸行,这样思考诸行,这样观察诸行。'这样,他日后就能既获得内心平静,又获得高等智慧的法观。

"比丘们,对于那个获得高等智慧法观但未获得内心平静的人,他应该去拜访那个获得内心平静的人,并这样问他:'朋友,应该如何安置心?如何使心平静?如何使心专一?如何使心入定?'那人会根据自己所见所知回答说:'朋友,应该这样安置心,这样使心平静,这样使心专一,这样使心入定。'这样,他日后就能既获得高等智慧的法观,又获得内心平静。

"比丘们,对于那个既未获得内心平静也未获得高等智慧法观的人,他应该去拜访那个既获得内心平静又获得高等智慧法观的人,并这样问他:'朋友,应该如何安置心?如何使心平静?如何使心专一?如何使心入定?应该如何看待诸行?如何思考诸行?如何观察诸行?'那人会根据自己所见所知回答说:'朋友,应该这样安置心,这样使心平静,这样使心专一,这样使心入定。应该这样看待诸行,这样思考诸行,这样观察诸行。'这样,他日后就能既获得内心平静,又获得高等智慧的法观。

"比丘们,对于那个既获得内心平静又获得高等智慧法观的人,他应该在这些善法的基础上,进一步努力断尽烦恼。比丘们,这就是世界上存在的四种人。"第四。

95 火把经

"比丘们,这个世界上存在四种人。是哪四种呢?既不为自己利益也不为他人利益而修行的人,为他人利益但不为自己利益而修行的人,为自己利益但不为他人利益而修行的人,既为自己利益也为他人利益而修行的人。

"比丘们,就像一根两头燃烧、中间沾满粪便的火把,既不能在村里用作柴火,也不能在森林里用作柴火。我说,那个既不为自己利益也不为他人利益而修行的人就像这样。

"比丘们,在这些人中,为他人利益但不为自己利益而修行的人比前两种人更优秀、更高尚。为自己利益但不为他人利益而修行的人比前三种人更优秀、更高尚。既为自己利益也为他人利益而修行的人是这四种人中最高、最好、最卓越、最上、最优秀的。

"比丘们,就像从牛得到牛奶,从牛奶得到酸奶,从酸奶得到生酥,从生酥得到熟酥,从熟酥得到醍醐,醍醐被认为是其中最好的。同样地,比丘们,既为自己利益也为他人利益而修行的人是这四种人中最高、最好、最卓越、最上、最优秀的。比丘们,这就是世界上存在的四种人。"第五。

巴利语原版经文

(10) 5. Asuravaggo

91/ 1. Asurasuttaṃ

　　 91. “Cattārome bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Asuro asuraparivāro, asuro devaparivāro, devo asuraparivāro, devo devaparivāro.

　　 “Kathañca bhikkhave, puggalo asuro hoti asuraparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo, parisāpissa hoti dussīlā pāpadhammā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo asuro hoti asuraparivāro.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo asuro hoti devaparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo, parisā ca khvassa hoti sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo asuro hoti devaparivāro.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo devo hoti asuraparivāro? Idha bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo, parisā ca khvassa hoti dussīlā pāpadhammā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo devo hoti asuraparivāro.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo devo hoti devaparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo, parisāpissa hoti sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo devo hoti, devaparivāro. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

92/ 2. Paṭhamasamādhisuttaṃ

　　 92. “Cattārome bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo lābhī hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo na ceva lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa na ca lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti. Dutiyaṃ.

93/ 3. Dutiyasamādhisuttaṃ

　　 93. “Cattārome bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo lābhī hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo na ceva lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa na ca lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.

　　 “Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena ajjhattaṃ cetosamathe patiṭṭhāya adhipaññādhammavipassanāya yogo karaṇīyo. So aparena samayena lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.

　　 “Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena adhipaññādhamma-vipassanāya patiṭṭhāya ajjhattaṃ cetosamathe yogo karaṇīyo. So aparena samayena lābhī ceva hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya lābhī ca ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa.

　　 “Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo na ceva lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa na ca lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena tesaṃyeva kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ādittacelo vā ādittasīso vā tasseva celassa vā sīsassa vā nibbāpanāya adhimattaṃ chandañca vāyāmañca ussāhañca ussoḷhiñca appaṭivāniñca satiñca sampajaññañca kareyya; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tena puggalena tesaṃyeva kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭilābhāya adhimatto chando ca vāyāmo ca ussāho ca ussoḷhī ca appaṭivānī ca sati ca sampajaññañca karaṇīyaṃ. So aparena samayena lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.

　　 “Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena tesuyeva kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṃ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti. Tatiyaṃ.

94/ 4. Tatiyasamādhisuttaṃ

　　 94. “Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo lābhī hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo na ceva lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa na ca lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.

　　 “Tatra bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena yvāyaṃ puggalo lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘kathaṃ nu kho, āvuso, saṅkhārā daṭṭhabbā? Kathaṃ saṅkhārā sammasitabbā? Kathaṃ saṅkhārā vipassitabbā’ ti? Tassa so yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ byākaroti– ‘evaṃ kho, āvuso, saṅkhārā daṭṭhabbā, evaṃ saṅkhārā sammasitabbā, evaṃ saṅkhārā vipassitabbā’ti. So aparena samayena lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.

　　 “Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena yvāyaṃ puggalo lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘kathaṃ nu kho, āvuso, cittaṃ saṇṭhapetabbaṃ? Kathaṃ cittaṃ sannisādetabbaṃ Kathaṃ cittaṃ ekodi kātabbaṃ? Kathaṃ cittaṃ samādahātabban’ti? Tassa so yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ byākaroti– ‘evaṃ kho, āvuso, cittaṃ saṇṭhapetabbaṃ, evaṃ cittaṃ sannisādetabbaṃ, evaṃ cittaṃ ekodi kātabbaṃ, evaṃ cittaṃ samādahātabban’ti. So aparena samaye lābhī ceva hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya lābhī ca ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa.

　　 “Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo na ceva lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa na ca lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, tena, bhikkhave, puggalena yvāyaṃ puggalo lābhī ceva ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya so upasaṅkamitvā evamassa vacanīyo– ‘kathaṃ nu kho, āvuso, cittaṃ saṇṭhapetabbaṃ? Kathaṃ cittaṃ sannisādetabbaṃ? Kathaṃ cittaṃ ekodi kātabbaṃ? Kathaṃ cittaṃ samādahātabbaṃ? Kathaṃ saṅkhārā daṭṭhabbā? Kathaṃ saṅkhārā sammasitabbā? Kathaṃ saṅkhārā vipassitabbā’ti? Tassa so yathādiṭṭhaṃ yathāviditaṃ byākaroti– ‘evaṃ kho, āvuso, cittaṃ saṇṭhapetabbaṃ, evaṃ cittaṃ sannisādetabbaṃ, evaṃ cittaṃ ekodi kātabbaṃ, evaṃ cittaṃ samādahātabbaṃ, evaṃ saṅkhārā daṭṭhabbā, evaṃ saṅkhārā sammasitabbā, evaṃ saṅkhārā vipassitabbā’ti. So aparena samayena lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.

　　 “Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya tena, bhikkhave, puggalena tesu ceva kusalesu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya uttari āsavānaṃ khayāya yogo karaṇīyo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti. Catutthaṃ.

95/ 5. Chavālātasuttaṃ

　　 95. “Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Nevattahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya, parahitāya paṭipanno no attahitāya, attahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya, attahitāya ceva paṭipanno parahitāya ca.

　　 “Seyyathāpi bhikkhave, chavālātaṃ ubhato padittaṃ, majjhe gūthagataṃ, neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati na araññe; tathūpamāhaṃ bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi yvāyaṃ puggalo nevattahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya.

　　 “Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo parahitāya paṭipanno no attahitāya, ayaṃ imesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo attahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya, ayaṃ imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo attahitāya ceva paṭipanno parahitāya ca, ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ, khīramhā dadhi, dadhimhā navanītaṃ, navanītamhā sappi, sappimhā sappimaṇḍo, sappimaṇḍo tattha aggamakkhāyati; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo attahitāya ceva paṭipanno parahitāya ca, ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti. Pañcamaṃ.