第一千二百七十三章 裸行者品,业道略说,贪欲略说 增支部3集157经到184经
增支部3集157经到184经
裸行者品
157经到163经
"比丘们,有三种修行方法。哪三种?极端的修行、苦行的修行和中道的修行。比丘们,什么是极端的修行?在这里,某些人持这样的观点和见解:'欲乐中没有过失'。他沉溺于感官欲乐。比丘们,这被称为极端的修行。
"比丘们,什么是苦行的修行?在这里,某些人成为裸行者,放弃礼仪,用手擦拭(排泄物),不接受'来吧,尊者'的邀请,不接受'站住,尊者'的邀请,不接受为他准备的食物,不接受特意为他做的食物,不接受邀请。他不从锅口接受食物,不从碗口接受食物,不接受门槛之间给的食物,不接受棍棒之间给的食物,不接受杵臼之间给的食物,不接受两个正在吃饭的人之间给的食物,不接受孕妇给的食物,不接受哺乳的妇女给的食物,不接受与男人同住的妇女给的食物,不接受集体施食的地方给的食物,不接受狗在附近等候的地方给的食物,不接受有很多苍蝇飞来飞去的地方给的食物,不吃鱼,不吃肉,不喝酒,不喝果酒,不喝米汤。
他或是一家施食者、一口施食者,或是两家施食者、两口施食者...或是七家施食者、七口施食者。他靠一位施主的食物生活,或靠两位施主的食物生活...或靠七位施主的食物生活。他一天吃一餐,两天吃一餐...七天吃一餐。他这样每半个月轮流进食。
他以蔬菜为食,以野米为食,以野生谷物为食,以皮为食,以苔藓为食,以稻糠为食,以米汤为食,以油渣为食,以草为食,以牛粪为食,以树根果实为食,以自然掉落的果实为食。
他穿麻布衣,穿粗麻布衣,穿裹尸布,穿粪扫衣,穿树皮衣,穿羚羊皮,穿羚羊皮条,穿草衣,穿树皮衣,穿木板衣,穿头发衣,穿马尾衣,穿猫头鹰翅膀。他拔头发和胡须,致力于拔除头发和胡须的修行。他常常站着,拒绝坐下。他蹲着,致力于蹲坐的修行。他卧荆棘,以荆棘为床。他每天三次浸入水中沐浴。就这样,他以各种方式折磨和折腾自己的身体。比丘们,这被称为苦行的修行。
"比丘们,什么是中道的修行?在这里,比丘们,比丘在身体上观察身体,热忱、正知、正念,远离对世间的贪欲和忧恼;在感受上...在心上...在法上观察法,热忱、正知、正念,远离对世间的贪欲和忧恼。比丘们,这被称为中道的修行。这就是三种修行方法。"
"比丘们,有三种修行方法。哪三种?极端的修行、苦行的修行和中道的修行。比丘们,什么是极端的修行?...(此处省略,内容与上文相同)...这被称为极端的修行。
"比丘们,什么是苦行的修行?...(此处省略,内容与上文相同)...这被称为苦行的修行。
"比丘们,什么是中道的修行?在这里,比丘为了不让未生起的恶不善法生起,生起意愿,努力,激发精进,提起心志,精勤;为了断除已生起的恶不善法,生起意愿,努力,激发精进,提起心志,精勤;为了令未生起的善法生起,生起意愿,努力,激发精进,提起心志,精勤;为了令已生起的善法住立、不忘失、增长、广大、修习、圆满,生起意愿,努力,激发精进,提起心志,精勤。
"他修习欲如意足,具足精进、定;修习精进如意足...心如意足...思惟如意足,具足精进、定。
"他修习信根...精进根...念根...定根...慧根。
"他修习信力...精进力...念力...定力...慧力。
"他修习念觉支...择法觉支...精进觉支...喜觉支...轻安觉支...定觉支...舍觉支。
"他修习正见...正思惟...正语...正业...正命...正精进...正念...正定。比丘们,这被称为中道的修行。这就是三种修行方法。"
这是第六品,裸行者品。
以下是摘要:
四念处、四正勤、四神足、
五根和五力、七觉支、
八正道,这些都属于中道修行。
业道略说
164经到183经
"比丘们,具足三法者,如实投生于地狱。哪三法?自己杀生,教唆他人杀生,赞同杀生。比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"比丘们,具足三法者,如实投生于天界。哪三法?自己离杀生,教唆他人离杀生,赞同离杀生。
"自己偷盗,教唆他人偷盗,赞同偷盗...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"自己离偷盗,教唆他人离偷盗,赞同离偷盗..."比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于天界。
"自己邪淫,教唆他人邪淫,赞同邪淫...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"自己离邪淫,教唆他人离邪淫,赞同离邪淫...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于天界。
"自己妄语,教唆他人妄语,赞同妄语...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"自己离妄语,教唆他人离妄语,赞同离妄语...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于天界。
"自己两舌,教唆他人两舌,赞同两舌...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"自己离两舌,教唆他人离两舌,赞同离两舌...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于天界。
"自己恶口,教唆他人恶口,赞同恶口...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"自己离恶口,教唆他人离恶口,赞同离恶口...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于天界。
"自己绮语,教唆他人绮语,赞同绮语...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"自己离绮语,教唆他人离绮语,赞同离绮语...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于天界。
"自己贪婪,教唆他人贪婪,赞同贪婪...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"自己离贪婪,教唆他人离贪婪,赞同离贪婪...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于天界。
"自己怀有嗔恨心,教唆他人怀有嗔恨心,赞同怀有嗔恨心...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"自己不怀有嗔恨心,教唆他人不怀有嗔恨心,赞同不怀有嗔恨心...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于天界。
"自己持邪见,教唆他人持邪见,赞同邪见...比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于地狱。
"自己持正见,教唆他人持正见,赞同正见。比丘们,具足这三法者,如实投生于天界。"
这是业道略说。
以下是摘要:
杀生、偷盗、邪淫,
妄语、两舌,
恶口、绮语,
贪婪、嗔恨、邪见。
这十业道略说,以三法配合。
贪欲略说
184经
"比丘们,为了完全了知贪欲,应当修习三法。哪三法?空三昧、无相三昧、无愿三昧——比丘们,为了完全了知贪欲,应当修习这三法。
"比丘们,为了遍知贪欲...为了灭尽贪欲...为了断除贪欲...为了尽贪欲...为了离贪欲...为了灭贪欲...为了舍弃贪欲...为了放下贪欲,应当修习这三法。
"嗔恨...愚痴...忿怒...怨恨...覆藏...恼害...嫉妒...悭吝...欺诈...虚伪...傲慢...激情...慢心...过慢...憍慢...放逸的完全了知...遍知...灭尽...断除...尽...离...灭...舍弃...放下,应当修习这三法。"
(世尊说了这些话。比丘们欢喜,随喜世尊所说。)
这是贪欲略说。
以下是摘要:
贪欲、嗔恨与愚痴,忿怒、怨恨为第五,
覆藏、恼害与嫉妒,悭吝、欺诈与虚伪,
傲慢、激情与慢心,过慢、憍慢,
放逸为第十七,这些都依贪欲略说。
这些都应以譬喻,了知、遍知、灭尽,
断除、尽、离、灭、舍、放下这十种方式对治。
空、无相与无愿,这三种三昧,
是所有略说的根本和基础。
这就是三法经的结束。
巴利语原版经文
(16) 6. Acelakavaggo
157-163
157-163. “Tisso imā, bhikkhave, paṭipadā. Katamā tisso? Āgāḷhā paṭipadā, nijjhāmā paṭipadā, majjhimā paṭipadā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, āgāḷhā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco evaṃvādī hoti evaṃdiṭṭhi– ‘natthi kāmesu doso’ti. So kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, āgāḷhā paṭipadā.
“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, nijjhāmā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco acelako hoti muttācāro, hatthāpalekhano, na ehibhadantiko, na tiṭṭhabhadantiko, nābhihaṭaṃ na uddissakataṃ na nimantanaṃ sādiyati. So na kumbhimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na kaḷopimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti na eḷakamantaraṃ na daṇḍamantaraṃ na musalamantaraṃ na dvinnaṃ bhuñjamānānaṃ na gabbhiniyā na pāyamānāya na purisantaragatāya na saṅkittīsu na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti na yattha makkhikā saṇḍasaṇḍacārinī na macchaṃ na maṃsaṃ na suraṃ na merayaṃ, na thusodakaṃ pivati. So ekāgāriko vā hoti ekālopiko, dvāgāriko vā hoti dvālopiko… sattāgāriko vā hoti sattālopiko; ekissāpi dattiyā yāpeti, dvīhipi dattīhi yāpeti… sattahipi dattīhi yāpeti; ekāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti, dvāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti… sattāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti– iti evarūpaṃ addhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. So sākabhakkhopi hoti, sāmākabhakkhopi hoti, nīvārabhakkhopi hoti, daddulabhakkhopi hoti, haṭabhakkhopi hoti kaṇhabhakkhopi hoti, ācāmabhakkhopi hoti, piññākabhakkhopi hoti, tiṇabhakkhopi hoti, gomayabhakkhopi hoti, vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. So sāṇānipi dhāreti, masāṇānipi dhāreti, chavadussānipi dhāreti, paṃsukūlānipi dhāreti, tirīṭānipi dhāreti, ajinampi dhāreti, ajinakkhipampi dhāreti, kusacīrampi dhāreti vākacīrampi dhāreti, phalakacīrampi dhāreti, kesakambalampi dhāreti, vāḷakambalampi dhāreti, ulūkapakkhikampi dhāreti, kesamassulocakopi hoti kesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto, ubbhaṭṭhakopi hoti āsanapaṭikkhitto, ukkuṭikopi hoti ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto, kaṇṭakāpassayikopi hoti kaṇṭakāpassaye seyyaṃ kappeti, sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati– iti evarūpaṃ anekavihitaṃ kāyassa ātāpanaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, nijjhāmā paṭipadā.
“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, majjhimā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu …pe… citte …pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, majjhimā paṭipadā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso paṭipadā”ti.
“Tisso imā, bhikkhave, paṭipadā. Katamā tisso? Āgāḷhā paṭipadā, nijjhāmā paṭipadā, majjhimā paṭipadā. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, āgāḷhā paṭipadā …pe… ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, āgāḷhā paṭipadā.
“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, nijjhāmā paṭipadā …pe… ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, nijjhāmā paṭipadā.
“Katamā ca, bhikkhave, majjhimā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati….
“Chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti vīriyasamādhi …pe… cittasamādhi …pe… vīmaṃsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti …pe….
“Saddhindriyaṃ bhāveti… vīriyindriyaṃ bhāveti… satindriyaṃ bhāveti… samādhindriyaṃ bhāveti… paññindriyaṃ bhāveti….
“Saddhābalaṃ bhāveti… vīriyabalaṃ bhāveti… satibalaṃ bhāveti… samādhibalaṃ bhāveti… paññābalaṃ bhāveti….
“Satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti….
“Sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāveti… sammāsaṅkappaṃ bhāveti… sammāvācaṃ bhāveti… sammākammantaṃ bhāveti sammā-ājīvaṃ bhāveti… sammāvāyāmaṃ bhāveti… sammāsatiṃ bhāveti… sammāsamādhiṃ bhāveti…. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, majjhimā paṭipadā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso paṭipadā”ti.
Acelakavaggo chaṭṭho.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Satipaṭṭhānaṃ sammappadhānaṃ, iddhipādindriyena ca;
Balaṃ bojjhaṅgo maggo ca, paṭipadāya yojayeti.
(17) 7. Kammapathapeyyālaṃ
164-183
164-183. “Tīhi bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi tīhi? Attanā ca pāṇātipātī hoti, parañca pāṇātipāte samādapeti, pāṇātipāte ca samanuñño hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
“Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi tīhi? Attanā ca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, parañca pāṇātipātā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, pāṇātipātā veramaṇiyā ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca adinnādāyī hoti, parañca adinnādāne samādapeti, adinnādāne ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, parañca adinnādānā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, adinnādānā veramaṇiyā ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca kāmesumicchācārī hoti, parañca kāmesumicchācāre samādapeti, kāmesumicchācāre ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, parañca kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇiyā ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca musāvādī hoti, parañca musāvāde samādapeti, musāvāde ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, parañca musāvādā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, musāvādā veramaṇiyā ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca pisuṇavāco hoti, parañca pisuṇāya vācāya samādapeti, pisuṇāya vācāya ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, parañca pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇiyā samādapeti, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇiyā ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca pharusavāco hoti, parañca pharusāya vācāya samādapeti, pharusāya vācāya ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, parañca pharusāya vācāya veramaṇiyā samādapeti, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇiyā ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca samphappalāpī hoti, parañca samphappalāpe samādapeti, samphappalāpe ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, parañca samphappalāpā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, samphappalāpā veramaṇiyā ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca abhijjhālu hoti, parañca abhijjhāya samādapeti, abhijjhāya ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca anabhijjhālu hoti, parañca anabhijjhāya samādapeti, anabhijjhāya ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca byāpannacitto hoti, parañca byāpāde samādapeti, byāpāde ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca abyāpannacitto hoti, parañca abyāpāde samādapeti, abyāpāde ca samanuñño hoti….
“Attanā ca micchādiṭṭhiko hoti, parañca micchādiṭṭhiyā samādapeti, micchādiṭṭhiyā ca samanuñño hoti .
“Attanā ca sammādiṭṭhiko hoti, parañca sammādiṭṭhiyā samādapeti, sammādiṭṭhiyā ca samanuñño hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge”ti.
Kammapathapeyyālaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Pāṇaṃ adinnamicchā ca, musāvādī ca pisuṇā;
Pharusā samphappalāpo ca, abhijjhā byāpādadiṭṭhi ca.
Kammapathesu peyyālaṃ, tikakena niyojayeti.
(18) 8. Rāgapeyyālaṃ
184
184. “Rāgassa bhikkhave, abhiññāya tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā. Katame tayo? Suññato samādhi, animitto samādhi, appaṇihito samādhi– rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya ime tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā.
“Rāgassa bhikkhave, pariññāya …pe… parikkhayāya… pahānāya… khayāya… vayāya… virāgāya… nirodhāya… cāgāya… paṭinissaggāya ime tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā.
“Dosassa… mohassa… kodhassa… upanāhassa… makkhassa… palāsassa… issāya… macchariyassa… māyāya… sāṭheyyassa… thambhassa… sārambhassa… mānassa… atimānassa… madassa… pamādassa abhiññāya… pariññāya… parikkhayāya… pahānāya… khayāya… vayāya… virāgāya… nirodhāya… cāgāya… paṭinissaggāya ime tayo dhammā bhāvetabbā”ti.
(Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.)
Rāgapeyyālaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Rāgaṃ dosañca mohañca, kodhūpanāhapañcamaṃ.
Makkhapaḷāsa-issā ca, maccharimāyāsāṭheyyā.
Thambhasārambhamānañca, atimānamadassa ca;
Pamādā sattarasa vuttā, rāgapeyyālanissitā.
Ete opammayuttena, āpādena abhiññāya;
Pariññāya parikkhayā, pahānakkhayabbayena.
Virāganirodhacāgaṃ, paṭinissagge ime dasa.
Suññato animitto ca, appaṇihito ca tayo;
Samādhimūlakā peyyālesupi vavatthitā cāti.
Tikanipātapāḷi niṭṭhitā.