相应部12相应52经到54经(因缘相应/因缘篇/修多罗)

52 执取经

佛陀住在舍卫城。他说:"比丘们,对于可被执取的事物,如果一个人住于观察其可意之处,渴爱就会增长。缘于渴爱而有执取;缘于执取而有有;缘于有而有生;缘于生而有老死、忧悲苦恼。如是这整个苦蕴集起。

"比丘们,就像有一堆由十车、二十车、三十车或四十车柴薪堆积而成的大火在燃烧。一个人不时地往里面添加干草、干牛粪和干柴。这样,比丘们,这堆大火因为有了这些燃料和养分,就会长时间持续燃烧。同样地,比丘们,对于可被执取的事物,如果一个人住于观察其可意之处,渴爱就会增长。缘于渴爱而有执取...如是这整个苦蕴集起。

"比丘们,对于可被执取的事物,如果一个人住于观察其过患,渴爱就会止息。渴爱的止息导致执取的止息;执取的止息导致有的止息;有的止息导致生的止息;生的止息导致老死、忧悲苦恼的止息。如是这整个苦蕴灭尽。

"比丘们,就像有一堆由十车、二十车、三十车或四十车柴薪堆积而成的大火在燃烧。一个人不再往里面添加干草、干牛粪和干柴。这样,比丘们,这堆大火因为耗尽了原有的燃料,又没有新的补充,就会因为缺少养分而熄灭。同样地,比丘们,对于可被执取的事物,如果一个人住于观察其过患,渴爱就会止息。渴爱的止息导致执取的止息...如是这整个苦蕴灭尽。"

53 结缚经

佛陀住在舍卫城。他说:"比丘们,对于可被结缚的事物,如果一个人住于观察其可意之处,渴爱就会增长。缘于渴爱而有执取;缘于执取而有有;缘于有而有生;缘于生而有老死、忧悲苦恼。如是这整个苦蕴集起。

"比丘们,就像依靠油和灯芯,一盏油灯会燃烧。一个人不时地添加油和调整灯芯。这样,比丘们,这盏油灯因为有了这些燃料和养分,就会长时间持续燃烧。同样地,比丘们,对于可被结缚的事物,如果一个人住于观察其可意之处,渴爱就会增长。缘于渴爱而有执取...如是这整个苦蕴集起。

"比丘们,对于可被结缚的事物,如果一个人住于观察其过患,渴爱就会止息。渴爱的止息导致执取的止息;执取的止息导致有的止息;有的止息导致生的止息;生的止息导致老死、忧悲苦恼的止息。如是这整个苦蕴灭尽。

"比丘们,就像依靠油和灯芯,一盏油灯会燃烧。一个人不再添加油和调整灯芯。这样,比丘们,这盏油灯因为耗尽了原有的燃料,又没有新的补充,就会因为缺少养分而熄灭。同样地,比丘们,对于可被结缚的事物,如果一个人住于观察其过患,渴爱就会止息。渴爱的止息导致执取的止息...如是这整个苦蕴灭尽。"

54 第二结缚经

佛陀住在舍卫城。他说:"比丘们,就像依靠油和灯芯,一盏油灯会燃烧。一个人不时地添加油和调整灯芯。这样,比丘们,这盏油灯因为有了这些燃料和养分,就会长时间持续燃烧。同样地,比丘们,对于可被结缚的事物,如果一个人住于观察其可意之处,渴爱就会增长。缘于渴爱而有执取...如是这整个苦蕴集起。

"比丘们,就像依靠油和灯芯,一盏油灯会燃烧。一个人不再添加油和调整灯芯。这样,比丘们,这盏油灯因为耗尽了原有的燃料,又没有新的补充,就会因为缺少养分而熄灭。同样地,比丘们,对于可被结缚的事物,如果一个人住于观察其过患,渴爱就会止息。渴爱的止息导致执取的止息...如是这整个苦蕴灭尽。"

这三篇经文主要讲述了如何通过正确的观察和修行来止息渴爱,从而断除轮回的根源。它们使用了火堆和油灯的比喻来说明,如果我们不再"添加燃料"(即不再执著于世间可意之处),苦就会自然止息。这是佛教解脱道的核心教义之一。

巴利语原版经文

52/(2). Upādānasuttaṃ

　　 52. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “upādāniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu assādānupassino viharato taṇhā pavaḍḍhati. Taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti”.

　　 “Seyyathāpi bhikkhave, dasannaṃ vā kaṭṭhavāhānaṃ vīsāya vā kaṭṭhavāhānaṃ tiṃsāya vā kaṭṭhavāhānaṃ cattārīsāya vā kaṭṭhavāhānaṃ mahā-aggikkhandho jaleyya. Tatra puriso kālena kālaṃ sukkhāni ceva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya, sukkhāni ca gomayāni pakkhipeyya, sukkhāni ca kaṭṭhāni pakkhipeyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, mahā-aggikkhandho tadāhāro tadupādāno ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ jaleyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, upādāniyesu dhammesu assādānupassino viharato taṇhā pavaḍḍhati. Taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.

　　 “Upādāniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu ādīnavānupassino viharato taṇhā nirujjhati. Taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho; bhava-nirodhā jātinirodho; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dasannaṃ vā kaṭṭhavāhānaṃ vīsāya vā tiṃsāya vā cattārīsāya vā kaṭṭhavāhānaṃ mahā-aggikkhandho jaleyya; tatra puriso na kālena kālaṃ sukkhāni ceva tiṇāni pakkhipeyya, na sukkhāni ca gomayāni pakkhipeyya, na sukkhāni ca kaṭṭhāni pakkhipeyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, mahā-aggikkhandho purimassa ca upādānassa pariyādānā aññassa ca anupahārā anāhāro nibbāyeyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, upādāniyesu dhammesu ādīnavānupassino viharato taṇhā nirujjhati, taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti. Dutiyaṃ.

53/(3). Saṃyojanasuttaṃ

　　 53. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “saṃyojaniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu assādānupassino viharato taṇhā pavaḍḍhati. Taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti”.

　　 “Seyyathāpi bhikkhave, telañca paṭicca vaṭṭiñca paṭicca telappadīpo jhāyeyya. Tatra puriso kālena kālaṃ telaṃ āsiñceyya vaṭṭiṃ upasaṃhareyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, telappadīpo tadāhāro tadupādāno ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ jaleyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyesu dhammesu assādānupassino viharato taṇhā pavaḍḍhati. Taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.

　　 “Saṃyojaniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu ādīnavānupassino viharato taṇhā nirujjhati. Taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho; bhava-nirodhā jātinirodho; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti.

　　 “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, telañca paṭicca vaṭṭiñca paṭicca telappadīpo jhāyeyya. Tatra puriso na kālena kālaṃ telaṃ āsiñceyya na vaṭṭiṃ upasaṃhareyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, telappadīpo purimassa ca upādānassa pariyādānā aññassa ca anupahārā anāhāro nibbāyeyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyesu dhammesu ādīnavānupassino viharato taṇhā nirujjhati. Taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti. Tatiyaṃ.

54/(4). Dutiyasaṃyojanasuttaṃ

　　 54. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati …pe… “seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, telañca paṭicca vaṭṭiñca paṭicca telappadīpo jhāyeyya. Tatra puriso kālena kālaṃ telaṃ āsiñceyya vaṭṭiṃ upasaṃhareyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, telappadīpo tadāhāro tadupādāno ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ jaleyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyesu dhammesu assādānupassino viharato taṇhā pavaḍḍhati. Taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti”.

　　 “Seyyathāpi bhikkhave, telañca paṭicca vaṭṭiñca paṭicca telappadīpo jhāyeyya. Tatra puriso na kālena kālaṃ telaṃ āsiñceyya na vaṭṭiṃ upasaṃhareyya Evañhi so, bhikkhave, telappadīpo purimassa ca upādānassa pariyādānā aññassa ca anupahārā anāhāro nibbāyeyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyesu dhammesu ādīnavānupassino viharato taṇhā nirujjhati. Taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti. Catutthaṃ.