相应部12相应33经/智事经(因缘相应/因缘篇/修多罗)

[发生]在舍卫城......"比丘们，我将为你们讲说四十四种智事，请听闻，请善加作意；我将开示。""是的，尊者。"那些比丘回答世尊。世尊如此说道：

"比丘们，什么是四十四种智事？关于老死的智，关于老死集的智，关于老死灭的智，关于导向老死灭之道的智；关于生的智，关于生集的智，关于生灭的智，关于导向生灭之道的智；关于有的智，关于有集的智，关于有灭的智，关于导向有灭之道的智；关于取的智，关于取集的智，关于取灭的智，关于导向取灭之道的智；关于爱的智，关于爱集的智，关于爱灭的智，关于导向爱灭之道的智；关于受的智，关于受集的智，关于受灭的智，关于导向受灭之道的智；关于触的智......关于六入处的智......关于名色的智......关于识的智......关于诸行的智，关于诸行集的智，关于诸行灭的智，关于导向诸行灭之道的智。比丘们，这些被称为四十四种智事。

"比丘们，什么是老死？对于各类众生，在各自群体中，衰老、老朽、牙齿损坏、头发灰白、皮肤皱褶、寿命损减、诸根衰退，这被称为老。对于各类众生，从各自群体中死亡、消失、破坏、消逝、命终、诸蕴分散、身体弃舍，这被称为死。这就是老，这就是死；比丘们，这被称为老死。

"由于生的生起而有老死的生起；由于生的灭除而有老死的灭除；这八支圣道就是导向老死灭除之道，即：正见......正定。

"比丘们，当圣弟子如此了知老死，如此了知老死的生起，如此了知老死的灭除，如此了知导向老死灭除之道时，这是他的法智。他以这已见、已知、及时、已达、深入的法，推论过去未来：

"凡是过去世的沙门或婆罗门如实知见老死，如实知见老死的生起，如实知见老死的灭除，如实知见导向老死灭除之道，他们都是如此知见，如我今日。

"凡是未来世的沙门或婆罗门将如实知见老死，将如实知见老死的生起，将如实知见老死的灭除，将如实知见导向老死灭除之道，他们都将如此知见，如我今日。这是他的类智。

"比丘们，当圣弟子具足这两种清净、明晰的智慧——法智和类智时，他被称为具足见，被称为具足观，被称为已达此正法，被称为见此正法，被称为具有有学智，被称为具有有学明，被称为已入法流，被称为具择法慧的圣者，被称为立于不死之门。

"比丘们，什么是生......什么是有......什么是取......什么是爱......什么是受......什么是触......什么是六入处......什么是名色......什么是识......什么是诸行？比丘们，有三种行：身行、语行、心行。这些被称为诸行。

"由于无明的生起而有诸行的生起；由于无明的灭除而有诸行的灭除；这八支圣道就是导向诸行灭除之道，即：正见......正定。

"比丘们，当圣弟子如此了知诸行，如此了知诸行的生起，如此了知诸行的灭除，如此了知导向诸行灭除之道时，这是他的法智。他以这已见、已知、及时、已达、深入的法，推论过去未来：

"凡是过去世的沙门或婆罗门如实知见诸行，如实知见诸行的生起，如实知见诸行的灭除，如实知见导向诸行灭除之道，他们都是如此知见，如我今日。

"凡是未来世的沙门或婆罗门将如实知见诸行，将如实知见诸行的生起，将如实知见诸行的灭除，将如实知见导向诸行灭除之道，他们都将如此知见，如我今日。这是他的类智。

"比丘们，当圣弟子具足这两种清净、明晰的智慧——法智和类智时，他被称为具足见，被称为具足观，被称为已达此正法，被称为见此正法，被称为具有有学智，被称为具有有学明，被称为已入法流，被称为具择法慧的圣者，被称为立于不死之门。"

第三经。

巴利语原版经文

SN.12.33/(3). Ñāṇavatthusuttaṃ

　　 33. Sāvatthiyaṃ …pe… “catucattārīsaṃ vo, bhikkhave, ñāṇavatthūni desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Katamāni, bhikkhave, catucattārīsaṃ ñāṇavatthūni? Jarāmaraṇe ñāṇaṃ, jarāmaraṇasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, jarāmaraṇanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ; jātiyā ñāṇaṃ, jātisamudaye ñāṇaṃ, jātinirodhe ñāṇaṃ, jātinirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ; bhave ñāṇaṃ, bhavasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, bhavanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, bhavanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ; upādāne ñāṇaṃ, upādānasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, upādānanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, upādānanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ; taṇhāya ñāṇaṃ, taṇhāsamudaye ñāṇaṃ, taṇhānirodhe ñāṇaṃ, taṇhānirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ; vedanāya ñāṇaṃ, vedanāsamudaye ñāṇaṃ, vedanānirodhe ñāṇaṃ, vedanānirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ; phasse ñāṇaṃ …pe… saḷāyatane ñāṇaṃ… nāmarūpe ñāṇaṃ… viññāṇe ñāṇaṃ… saṅkhāresu ñāṇaṃ, saṅkhārasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, saṅkhāranirodhe ñāṇaṃ, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ. Imāni vuccanti, bhikkhave, catucattārīsaṃ ñāṇavatthūni.

　　 “Katamañca, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko, ayaṃ vuccati jarā. Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo. Idaṃ vuccati maraṇaṃ. Iti ayañca jarā, idañca maraṇaṃ; idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ.

　　 “Jātisamudayā jarāmaraṇasamudayo; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho; ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.

　　 “Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako evaṃ jarāmaraṇaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jarāmaraṇasamudayaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jarāmaraṇanirodhaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti, idamassa dhamme ñāṇaṃ So iminā dhammena diṭṭhena viditena akālikena pattena pariyogāḷhena atītānāgatena yaṃ neti.

　　 “Ye kho keci atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā jarāmaraṇaṃ abbhaññaṃsu, jarāmaraṇasamudayaṃ abbhaññaṃsu, jarāmaraṇanirodhaṃ abbhaññaṃsu, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ abbhaññaṃsu, sabbe te evameva abbhaññaṃsu, seyyathāpāhaṃ etarahi.

　　 “Yepi hi keci anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā jarāmaraṇaṃ abhijānissanti, jarāmaraṇasamudayaṃ abhijānissanti, jarāmaraṇanirodhaṃ abhijānissanti, jarāmaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ abhijānissanti, sabbe te evameva abhijānissanti, seyyathāpāhaṃ etarahīti. Idamassa anvaye ñāṇaṃ.

　　 “Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa imāni dve ñāṇāni parisuddhāni honti pariyodātāni– dhamme ñāṇañca anvaye ñāṇañca. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, passati imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi, sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasotaṃ samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāraṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati itipīti.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti …pe… katamo ca, bhikkhave, bhavo… katamañca, bhikkhave, upādānaṃ… katamā ca, bhikkhave taṇhā… katamā ca, bhikkhave, vedanā… katamo ca, bhikkhave, phasso… katamañca, bhikkhave saḷāyatanaṃ… katamañca, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṃ katamañca, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ… katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā? Tayome, bhikkhave saṅkhārā– kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāroti. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā.

　　 “Avijjāsamudayā saṅkhārasamudayo; avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅkhāranirodhagāminī paṭipadā, seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi …pe… sammāsamādhi.

　　 “Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako evaṃ saṅkhāre pajānāti, evaṃ saṅkhārasamudayaṃ pajānāti evaṃ saṅkhāranirodhaṃ pajānāti, evaṃ saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ pajānāti, idamassa dhamme ñāṇaṃ. So iminā dhammena diṭṭhena viditena akālikena pattena pariyogāḷhena atītānāgatena yaṃ neti.

　　 “Ye kho keci atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā saṅkhāre abbhaññaṃsu, saṅkhārasamudayaṃ abbhaññaṃsu, saṅkhāranirodhaṃ abbhaññaṃsu, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ abbhaññaṃsu, sabbe te evameva abbhaññaṃsu, seyyathāpāhaṃ etarahi.

　　 “Yepi hi keci anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā saṅkhāre abhijānissanti, saṅkhārasamudayaṃ abhijānissanti, saṅkhāranirodhaṃ abhijānissanti, saṅkhāranirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ abhijānissanti, sabbe te evameva abhijānissanti, seyyathāpāhaṃ etarahi. Idamassa anvaye ñāṇaṃ.

　　 “Yato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa imāni dve ñāṇāni parisuddhāni honti pariyodātāni– dhamme ñāṇañca anvaye ñāṇañca. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako diṭṭhisampanno itipi, dassanasampanno itipi, āgato imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, passati imaṃ saddhammaṃ itipi, sekkhena ñāṇena samannāgato itipi, sekkhāya vijjāya samannāgato itipi, dhammasotaṃ samāpanno itipi, ariyo nibbedhikapañño itipi, amatadvāraṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati itipī”ti. Tatiyaṃ.