相应部12相应32经/迦罗罗经(因缘相应/因缘篇/修多罗)

佛陀住在舍卫城。那时,迦罗罗刹帝利比丘来到尊者舍利弗处。到达后,与尊者舍利弗互相问候。寒暄完毕后,坐在一旁。坐下后,迦罗罗刹帝利比丘对尊者舍利弗说:

"舍利弗贤友,摩利耶帕古那比丘已经舍弃学处,退回低劣生活。看来这位尊者在此法与律中没有获得慰藉。那么,尊者舍利弗在此法与律中获得慰藉了吗?"

"贤友,我对此没有疑惑。"

"那么,贤友,对未来呢?"

"贤友,我对此也没有疑虑。"

于是,迦罗罗刹帝利比丘从座位起身,走向世尊。到达后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。坐下后,迦罗罗刹帝利比丘对世尊说:

"尊者,尊者舍利弗已经宣称证悟阿罗汉果:'我了知:生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。'"

这时,世尊叫来一位比丘:"比丘,你去以我的名义告诉舍利弗:'舍利弗贤友,导师召唤你。'"

那位比丘回答说:"是,尊者。"然后去到尊者舍利弗处,告诉他:"舍利弗贤友,导师召唤你。"

尊者舍利弗回答说:"是,贤友。"然后来到世尊处。到达后,向世尊礼拜,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的尊者舍利弗说:

"舍利弗,你是否真的宣称证悟阿罗汉果:'我了知:生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有'?"

"尊者,我并没有用这些词句表达这个意思。"

"舍利弗,不管善男子以何种方式宣称证悟,都应该被理解为已经宣称证悟。"

"尊者,我不是也说过:'我并没有用这些词句表达这个意思'吗?"

"舍利弗,如果有人这样问你:'舍利弗贤友,你是如何了知,如何看到而宣称证悟阿罗汉果:我了知:生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有?'被这样问到时,你会如何回答?"

"尊者,如果有人这样问我,我会这样回答:'贤友们,我了知:导致出生的因已灭尽,我知道它已灭尽。知道它已灭尽后,我了知:生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。'尊者,被这样问到时,我会这样回答。"

"舍利弗,如果有人这样问你:'贤友舍利弗,出生是以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生,以什么为源?'被这样问到时,你会如何回答?"

"尊者,如果有人这样问我,我会这样回答:'贤友们,出生以有为因,以有为集,以有为生,以有为源。'尊者,被这样问到时,我会这样回答。"

"舍利弗,如果有人这样问你:'贤友舍利弗,有是以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生,以什么为源?'被这样问到时,你会如何回答?"

"尊者,如果有人这样问我,我会这样回答:'贤友们,有以取为因,以取为集,以取为生,以取为源。'尊者,被这样问到时,我会这样回答。"

"舍利弗,如果有人这样问你:'贤友舍利弗,取是以什么为因...爱是以什么为因,以什么为集,以什么为生,以什么为源?'被这样问到时,你会如何回答?"

"尊者,如果有人这样问我,我会这样回答:'贤友们,爱以受为因,以受为集,以受为生,以受为源。'尊者,被这样问到时,我会这样回答。"

"舍利弗,如果有人这样问你:'贤友舍利弗,你是如何了知,如何看到,使得对受的欢喜不再生起?'被这样问到时,你会如何回答?"

"尊者,如果有人这样问我,我会这样回答:'贤友们,有三种受:乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。这三种受都是无常的。已知无常即是苦,因此对受的欢喜不再生起。'尊者,被这样问到时,我会这样回答。"

"很好,很好,舍利弗。这也是简要解释这个意思的一种方式:'凡是所感受的,都属于苦。'"

"舍利弗,如果有人这样问你:'贤友舍利弗,你是通过什么样的解脱而宣称证悟阿罗汉果:我了知:生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有?'被这样问到时,你会如何回答?"

"尊者,如果有人这样问我,我会这样回答:'贤友们,我通过内在的解脱,灭尽一切执取,如此正念而住,使得烦恼不再生起,也不轻视自己。'尊者,被这样问到时,我会这样回答。"

"很好,很好,舍利弗。这也是简要解释这个意思的一种方式:'沙门所说的那些烦恼,我对它们不再怀疑;我不怀疑它们已被我断除。'"

世尊说完这些话后,从座位起身,进入精舍。

这时,尊者舍利弗在世尊离开不久后对比丘们说:

"贤友们,世尊问我第一个问题时,我之前没有预料到,所以有些迟疑。但是当世尊认可我对第一个问题的回答后,我想:'如果世尊整天用不同的词句、不同的方式问我这个问题,我也能整天用不同的词句、不同的方式回答世尊。如果世尊整夜用不同的词句、不同的方式问我这个问题,我也能整夜用不同的词句、不同的方式回答世尊。如果世尊整天整夜用不同的词句、不同的方式问我这个问题,我也能整天整夜用不同的词句、不同的方式回答世尊。如果世尊连续两天两夜...三天三夜...四天四夜...五天五夜...六天六夜...七天七夜用不同的词句、不同的方式问我这个问题,我也能连续七天七夜用不同的词句、不同的方式回答世尊。'"

这时,迦罗罗刹帝利比丘从座位起身,走向世尊。到达后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。坐下后,迦罗罗刹帝利比丘对世尊说:

"尊者,尊者舍利弗已经发出狮子吼:'贤友们,世尊问我第一个问题时,我之前没有预料到,所以有些迟疑。但是当世尊认可我对第一个问题的回答后,我想:如果世尊整天用不同的词句、不同的方式问我这个问题,我也能整天用不同的词句、不同的方式回答世尊。如果世尊整夜...整天整夜...连续两天两夜...三天三夜...四天四夜...五天五夜...六天六夜...七天七夜用不同的词句、不同的方式问我这个问题,我也能连续七天七夜用不同的词句、不同的方式回答世尊。'"

"比丘,舍利弗已经深入理解法界。正是因为深入理解法界,如果我整天用不同的词句、不同的方式问他这个问题,他也能整天用不同的词句、不同的方式回答我。如果我整夜...整天整夜...连续两天两夜...三天三夜...四天四夜...五天五夜...六天六夜...七天七夜用不同的词句、不同的方式问他这个问题,他也能连续七天七夜用不同的词句、不同的方式回答我。"

第二经完。

巴利语原版经文

SN.12.32/(2). Kaḷārasuttaṃ

　　 32. Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Atha kho kaḷārakhattiyo bhikkhu yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kaḷārakhattiyo bhikkhu āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca– “moḷiyaphagguno, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattoti. Na hi nūna so āyasmā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye assāsamalatthāti. Tena hāyasmā sāriputto imasmiṃ dhammavinaye assāsaṃ patto”ti?

　　 “Na khvāhaṃ, āvuso, kaṅkhāmī”ti. “Āyatiṃ, panāvuso”ti?

　　 “Na khvāhaṃ, āvuso, vicikicchāmī”ti.

　　 Atha kho kaḷārakhattiyo bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kaḷārakhattiyo bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “āyasmatā, bhante, sāriputtena aññā byākatā– ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmī”ti.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi– “ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena sāriputtaṃ āmantehi– ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso sāriputta, āmantetī’”ti “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca– “satthā taṃ, āvuso sāriputta, āmantetī”ti. “Evaṃ, āvuso”ti kho āyasmā sāriputto tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca– “saccaṃ kira tayā, sāriputta, aññā byākatā– ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmī”ti? “Na kho, bhante, etehi padehi etehi byañjanehi attho vutto”ti. “Yena kenacipi, sāriputta, pariyāyena kulaputto aññaṃ byākaroti, atha kho byākataṃ byākatato daṭṭhabban”ti. “Nanu ahampi bhante, evaṃ vadāmi– ‘na kho, bhante, etehi padehi etehi byañjanehi attho vutto’”ti.

　　 “Sace taṃ, sāriputta, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘kathaṃ jānatā pana tayā, āvuso sāriputta, kathaṃ passatā aññā byākatā– khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāmī’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭho tvaṃ, sāriputta, kinti byākareyyāsī”ti?

　　 “Sace maṃ, bhante, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘kathaṃ jānatā pana tayā, āvuso sāriputta, kathaṃ passatā aññā byākatā– khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāmī’ti; evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyaṃ– ‘yaṃnidānā, āvuso, jāti, tassa nidānassa khayā khīṇasmiṃ khīṇāmhīti viditaṃ. Khīṇāmhīti viditvā– khīṇājāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāmī’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyan”ti.

　　 “Sace pana taṃ, sāriputta, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘jāti panāvuso sāriputta, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭho taṃ, sāriputta, kinti byākareyyāsī”ti? “Sace maṃ, bhante, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘jāti panāvuso sāriputta, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyaṃ– ‘jāti kho, āvuso, bhavanidānā bhavasamudayā bhavajātikā bhavappabhavā’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyan”ti.

　　 “Sace pana taṃ, sāriputta, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘bhavo panāvuso sāriputta, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭho tvaṃ, sāriputta, kinti byākareyyāsī”ti? “Sace maṃ, bhante, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘bhavo panāvuso sāriputta, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo’ti Evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyaṃ– ‘bhavo kho, āvuso, upādānanidāno upādānasamudayo upādānajātiko upādānappabhavo’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyan”ti.

　　 “Sace pana taṃ, sāriputta, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘upādānaṃ panāvuso …pe… sace pana taṃ, sāriputta, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– taṇhā panāvuso sāriputta, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭho tvaṃ, sāriputta, kinti byākareyyāsī”ti? “Sace maṃ, bhante, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– taṇhā panāvuso sāriputta, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyaṃ– ‘taṇhā kho, āvuso, vedanānidānā vedanāsamudayā vedanājātikā vedanāpabhavā’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyan”ti.

　　 “Sace pana taṃ, sāriputta, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘kathaṃ jānato pana te, āvuso sāriputta, kathaṃ passato yā vedanāsu nandī sā na upaṭṭhāsī’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭho tvaṃ, sāriputta, kinti byākareyyāsī”ti? “Sace maṃ, bhante, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘kathaṃ jānato pana te, āvuso sāriputta, kathaṃ passato yā vedanāsu nandī sā na upaṭṭhāsī’ti evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyaṃ – ‘tisso kho imā, āvuso, vedanā. Katamā tisso? Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Imā kho, āvuso, tisso vedanā aniccā. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhanti viditaṃ, yā vedanāsu nandī sā na upaṭṭhāsī’ti. Evaṃ, puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyan”ti.

　　 “Sādhu sādhu, sāriputta. Ayampi kho, sāriputta, pariyāyo, etasseva atthassa saṃkhittena veyyākaraṇāya– ‘yaṃ kiñci vedayitaṃ taṃ dukkhasmin’”ti.

　　 “Sace pana taṃ, sāriputta, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘kathaṃ vimokkhā pana tayā, āvuso sāriputta, aññā byākatā– khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāmī’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭho tvaṃ, sāriputta, kinti byākareyyāsī”ti? “Sace maṃ, bhante, evaṃ puccheyyuṃ– ‘kathaṃ vimokkhā pana tayā, āvuso sāriputta, aññā byākatā khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāmī’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyaṃ– ‘ajjhattaṃ vimokkhā khvāhaṃ, āvuso, sabbupādānakkhayā tathā sato viharāmi yathā sataṃ viharantaṃ āsavā nānussavanti, attānañca nāvajānāmī’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhohaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākareyyan”ti.

　　 “Sādhu sādhu, sāriputta. Ayampi kho sāriputta, pariyāyo etasseva atthassa saṃkhittena veyyākaraṇāya– ye āsavā samaṇena vuttā tesvāhaṃ na kaṅkhāmi, te me pahīnāti na vicikicchāmī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvā sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.

　　 Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi– “pubbe appaṭisaṃviditaṃ maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā paṭhamaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi, tassa me ahosi dandhāyitattaṃ. Yato ca kho me, āvuso, bhagavā paṭhamaṃ pañhaṃ anumodi, tassa mayhaṃ, āvuso, etadahosi– divasaṃ cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi, divasampāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi. Rattiṃ cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi, rattimpāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi. Rattindivaṃ cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi rattindivampāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi. Dve rattindivāni cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya …pe… dve rattindivānipāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ …pe… tīṇi rattindivāni cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya …pe… tīṇi rattindivānipāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ …pe… cattāri rattindivāni cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya …pe… cattāri rattindivānipāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ …pe… pañca rattindivāni cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya …pe… pañca rattindivānipāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ …pe… cha rattindivāni cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya …pe… cha rattindivānipāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ …pe… satta rattindivāni cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi, satta rattindivānipāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehī”ti.

　　 Atha kho kaḷārakhattiyo bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kaḷārakhattiyo bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “āyasmatā, bhante, sāriputtena sīhanādo nadito– pubbe appaṭisaṃviditaṃ maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā paṭhamaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi, tassa me ahosi dandhāyitattaṃ. Yato ca kho me, āvuso, bhagavā paṭhamaṃ pañhaṃ anumodi tassa mayhaṃ, āvuso, etadahosi– divasaṃ cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi, divasampāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi; rattiṃ cepi …pe… rattindivaṃ cepi maṃ bhagavā …pe… dve rattindivāni cepi maṃ bhagavā …pe… tīṇi… cattāri… pañca… cha… satta rattindivāni cepi maṃ bhagavā etamatthaṃ puccheyya aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi, satta rattindivānipāhaṃ bhagavato etamatthaṃ byākareyyaṃ aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehī”ti.

　　 “Sā hi, bhikkhu, sāriputtassa dhammadhātu suppaṭividdhā, yassā dhammadhātuyā suppaṭividdhattā divasaṃ cepāhaṃ sāriputtaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyaṃ aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi, divasampi me sāriputto etamatthaṃ byākareyya aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi. Rattiṃ cepāhaṃ sāriputtaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyaṃ aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi, rattimpi me sāriputto etamatthaṃ byākareyya …pe… rattindivaṃ cepāhaṃ sāriputtaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyaṃ, rattindivampi me sāriputto etamatthaṃ byākareyya… dve rattindivāni cepāhaṃ sāriputtaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyaṃ, dve rattindivānipi me sāriputto etamatthaṃ byākareyya… tīṇi rattindivāni cepāhaṃ sāriputtaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyaṃ, tīṇi rattindivānipi me sāriputto etamatthaṃ byākareyya… cattāri rattindivāni cepāhaṃ sāriputtaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyaṃ, cattāri rattindivānipi me sāriputto etamatthaṃ byākareyya… pañca rattindivāni cepāhaṃ sāriputtaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyaṃ, pañca rattindivānipi me sāriputto etamatthaṃ byākareyya… cha rattindivāni cepāhaṃ sāriputtaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyaṃ, cha rattindivānipi me sāriputto etamatthaṃ byākareyya… satta rattindivāni cepāhaṃ sāriputtaṃ etamatthaṃ puccheyyaṃ aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehi, satta rattindivānipi me sāriputto etamatthaṃ byākareyya aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi pariyāyehī”ti. Dutiyaṃ.