增支部3集26经到28经

26 应亲近经

"比丘们,世间有这三种人存在。哪三种?比丘们,有一种人不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉。比丘们,有一种人应当亲近、应当交往、应当侍奉。比丘们,还有一种人应当恭敬、尊重,并亲近、交往、侍奉。

比丘们,什么样的人不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉呢?在这里,比丘们,某些人在戒律、禅定、智慧方面都很低劣。比丘们,这样的人不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉,除非出于怜悯或同情。

比丘们,什么样的人应当亲近、应当交往、应当侍奉呢?在这里,比丘们,某些人在戒律、禅定、智慧方面与我们相当。比丘们,这样的人应当亲近、应当交往、应当侍奉。为什么呢?因为我们在戒律方面相同,就能讨论戒律,这种讨论会持续下去,对我们有益。我们在禅定方面相同,就能讨论禅定,这种讨论会持续下去,对我们有益。我们在智慧方面相同,就能讨论智慧,这种讨论会持续下去,对我们有益。因此,这样的人应当亲近、应当交往、应当侍奉。

比丘们,什么样的人应当恭敬、尊重,并亲近、交往、侍奉呢?在这里,比丘们,某些人在戒律、禅定、智慧方面都胜过我们。比丘们,这样的人应当恭敬、尊重,并亲近、交往、侍奉。为什么呢?因为我可以通过他完善我未完善的戒律,或用智慧来支持我已完善的戒律;我可以通过他完善我未完善的禅定,或用智慧来支持我已完善的禅定;我可以通过他完善我未完善的智慧,或用智慧来支持我已完善的智慧。因此,这样的人应当恭敬、尊重,并亲近、交往、侍奉。

比丘们,这就是世间存在的三种人。"

"亲近低劣者,人会变低劣;

亲近平等者,则不会退步。

亲近高尚者,迅速得提升;

因此应亲近胜过自己者。"

27 应厌恶经

"比丘们,世间有这三种人存在。哪三种?比丘们,有一种人应当厌恶,不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉。比丘们,有一种人应当置之不理,不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉。比丘们,还有一种人应当亲近、应当交往、应当侍奉。

比丘们,什么样的人应当厌恶,不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉呢?在这里,比丘们,某些人不守戒律,品行恶劣,不洁净,行为可疑,隐藏自己的行为,自称是沙门却不是真正的沙门,自称是修行者却不是真正的修行者,内心腐败,充满欲望,如同垃圾堆。比丘们,这样的人应当厌恶,不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉。为什么呢?即使不会效仿这种人的行为,但人们还是会说:'此人与恶友为伍,与恶人为伴,与恶人交往。'比丘们,就像一条蛇在粪堆里,虽然不会咬人,但会弄脏人。同样,即使不会效仿这种人的行为,但人们还是会说:'此人与恶友为伍,与恶人为伴,与恶人交往。'因此,这样的人应当厌恶,不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉。

比丘们,什么样的人应当置之不理,不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉呢?在这里,比丘们,某些人容易发怒,常常烦恼,即使被稍微批评也会生气、发怒、不高兴、反抗,表现出愤怒、憎恨和不满。比丘们,就像一个脓疮,被木棍或石头碰到就会流出更多脓液;就像檀香木被木棍或石头摩擦就会发出更多声响;就像粪坑被木棍或石头搅动就会变得更加恶臭。同样,比丘们,某些人容易发怒,常常烦恼,即使被稍微批评也会生气、发怒、不高兴、反抗,表现出愤怒、憎恨和不满。比丘们,这样的人应当置之不理,不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉。为什么呢?因为他可能会辱骂我、侮辱我、伤害我。因此,这样的人应当置之不理,不应亲近、不应交往、不应侍奉。

比丘们,什么样的人应当亲近、应当交往、应当侍奉呢?在这里,比丘们,某些人有德行,品性善良。比丘们,这样的人应当亲近、应当交往、应当侍奉。为什么呢?即使不会效仿这种人的行为,但人们还是会说:'此人与善友为伍,与善人为伴,与善人交往。'因此,这样的人应当亲近、应当交往、应当侍奉。

比丘们,这就是世间存在的三种人。"

"亲近低劣者,人会变低劣;

亲近平等者,则不会退步。

亲近高尚者,迅速得提升;

因此应亲近胜过自己者。"

28 说粪经

"比丘们,世间有这三种人存在。哪三种?说粪者、说花者、说蜜者。

比丘们,什么是说粪者?在这里,比丘们,某些人在集会上,或在人群中,或在亲戚中,或在团体中,或在王宫中,被传唤作证时,被问道:'来吧,好人,说出你所知道的。'他不知道却说'我知道',知道却说'我不知道',没看见却说'我看见了',看见了却说'我没看见';为了自己,或为了他人,或为了一点小利,而故意说谎。比丘们,这就是所谓的说粪者。

比丘们,什么是说花者?在这里,比丘们,某些人在集会上,或在人群中,或在亲戚中,或在团体中,或在王宫中,被传唤作证时,被问道:'来吧,好人,说出你所知道的。'他不知道就说'我不知道',知道就说'我知道',没看见就说'我没看见',看见了就说'我看见了';不为了自己,不为了他人,不为了一点小利,而说谎。比丘们,这就是所谓的说花者。

比丘们,什么是说蜜者?在这里,比丘们,某些人摒弃粗语,远离粗语;他说的话温和,悦耳,亲切,动人,文雅,令众人喜爱,令众人愉悦。比丘们,这就是所谓的说蜜者。

比丘们,这就是世间存在的三种人。"

巴利语原版经文

26/ 6. Sevitabbasuttaṃ

　　 26. “Tayome bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo hīno hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo aññatra anuddayā aññatra anukampā.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sadiso hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Sīlasāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ sīlakathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati. Samādhisāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ samādhikathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati. Paññāsāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ paññākathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissatīti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave ekacco puggalo adhiko hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Iti aparipūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṃ vā paññākkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā paññākkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmīti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.

　　“Nihīyati puriso nihīnasevī, na ca hāyetha kadāci tulyasevī.

　　Seṭṭhamupanamaṃ udeti khippaṃ, tasmā attano uttariṃ bhajethā”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

27/ 7. Jigucchitabbasuttaṃ

　　 27. “Tayome bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idha bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto, assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño, abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño, antopūti avassuto kasambujāto. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kiñcāpi, bhikkhave, evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati– ‘pāpamitto purisapuggalo pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko’ti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ahi gūthagato kiñcāpi na daṃsati, atha kho naṃ makkheti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kiñcāpi evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati– ‘pāpamitto purisapuggalo pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko’ti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, duṭṭhāruko kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyosomattāya āsavaṃ deti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave …pe… seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, tindukālātaṃ kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭitaṃ bhiyyosomattāya cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati; evamevaṃ kho bhikkhave …pe… seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gūthakūpo kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyosomattāya duggandho hoti; evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Akkoseyyapi maṃ paribhāseyyapi maṃ anatthampi maṃ kareyyāti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kiñcāpi, bhikkhave, evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati– ‘kalyāṇamitto purisapuggalo kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko’ti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. ‘Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin’”ti.

　　“Nihīyati puriso nihīnasevī, na ca hāyetha kadāci tulyasevī.

　　Seṭṭhamupanamaṃ udeti khippaṃ, tasmā attano uttariṃ bhajethā”ti. Sattamaṃ.

28/ 8. Gūthabhāṇīsuttaṃ

　　 28. “Tayome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ Katame tayo? Gūthabhāṇī, pupphabhāṇī, madhubhāṇī. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo gūthabhāṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagato vā pūgamajjhagato vā rājakulamajjhagato vā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho– ‘ehambho purisa, yaṃ jānāsi taṃ vadehī’ti. So ajānaṃ vā āha ‘jānāmī’ti, jānaṃ vā āha ‘na jānāmī’ti, apassaṃ vā āha ‘passāmī’ti, passaṃ vā āha ‘na passāmī’ti; iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo gūthabhāṇī.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo pupphabhāṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagato vā pūgamajjhagato vā rājakulamajjhagato vā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho– ‘ehambho purisa, yaṃ pajānāsi taṃ vadehī’ti, so ajānaṃ vā āha ‘na jānāmī’ti, jānaṃ vā āha ‘jānāmī’ti, apassaṃ vā āha ‘na passāmī’ti, passaṃ vā āha ‘passāmī’ti; iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā na sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo pupphabhāṇī.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo madhubhāṇī? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti; yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo madhubhāṇī. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.