增支部3集20经到22经

20. 第二商人经

"比丘们,具备三种特质的商人不久就能在财富上达到伟大和丰盛。是哪三种呢?在这里,比丘们,商人有眼光,精明能干,有支持。

"比丘们,商人如何有眼光呢?在这里,比丘们,商人了解商品:'这件商品以这个价格购入,以这个价格出售,将有这么多成本,这么多利润。'比丘们,这就是商人有眼光。

"比丘们,商人如何精明能干呢?在这里,比丘们,商人善于购买和销售商品。比丘们,这就是商人精明能干。

"比丘们,商人如何有支持呢?在这里,比丘们,那些富有、大财主、巨富的家主或家主之子这样了解那个商人:'这位商人有眼光,精明能干,能够养活妻儿,也能时常给我们回报。'他们就以财富支持他:'来吧,亲爱的商人,用这些财富经营,养活你的妻儿,也时常给我们回报。'比丘们,这就是商人有支持。比丘们,具备这三种特质的商人不久就能在财富上达到伟大和丰盛。

"同样地,比丘们,具备三法的比丘不久就能在善法上达到伟大和丰盛。是哪三种呢?在这里,比丘们,比丘有眼光,精明能干,有支持。比丘们,比丘如何有眼光呢?在这里,比丘们,比丘如实了知'这是苦',如实了知'这是苦的起因',如实了知'这是苦的止息',如实了知'这是导向苦止息的道路'。比丘们,这就是比丘有眼光。

"比丘们,比丘如何精明能干呢?在这里,比丘们,比丘精进地住,为了断除不善法,成就善法,坚定,勇猛精进,不舍善法。比丘们,这就是比丘精明能干。

"比丘们,比丘如何有支持呢?在这里,比丘们,比丘时常亲近那些多闻、通达阿含、持法、持律、持摩呾理迦的比丘,向他们请教:'尊者,这是什么意思?这如何解释?'那些尊者为他解释未解释的,阐明未阐明的,消除他在各种令人疑惑的法上的疑惑。比丘们,这就是比丘有支持。比丘们,具备这三法的比丘不久就能在善法上达到伟大和丰盛。"

第十经完。

人品

21. 三弥提经

如是我闻。一时,世尊住舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,尊者三弥提和尊者摩诃俱絺罗来到尊者舍利弗处。到了之后,与尊者舍利弗互相问候。寒暄叙旧后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者三弥提,尊者舍利弗对他说:

"朋友三弥提,世间上有这三种人存在。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。朋友,这三种人存在于世间。朋友,在这三种人中,你认为哪一种人更殊胜、更高尚?"

"朋友舍利弗,世间上有这三种人存在。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。朋友,这三种人存在于世间。朋友,在这三种人中,我认为信解脱者是这三种人中最殊胜、最高尚的。这是什么原因呢?朋友,这种人的信根最强。"

然后尊者舍利弗对尊者摩诃俱絺罗说:"朋友俱絺罗,世间上有这三种人存在。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。朋友,这三种人存在于世间。朋友,在这三种人中,你认为哪一种人更殊胜、更高尚?"

"朋友舍利弗,世间上有这三种人存在。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。朋友,这三种人存在于世间。朋友,在这三种人中,我认为身证者是这三种人中最殊胜、最高尚的。这是什么原因呢?朋友,这种人的定根最强。"

然后尊者摩诃俱絺罗对尊者舍利弗说:"朋友舍利弗,世间上有这三种人存在。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。朋友,这三种人存在于世间。朋友,在这三种人中,你认为哪一种人更殊胜、更高尚?"

"朋友俱絺罗,世间上有这三种人存在。哪三种?身证者、见至者、信解脱者。朋友,这三种人存在于世间。朋友,在这三种人中,我认为见至者是这三种人中最殊胜、最高尚的。这是什么原因呢?朋友,这种人的慧根最强。"

然后尊者舍利弗对尊者三弥提和尊者摩诃俱絺罗说:"朋友们,我们每个人都已经按照自己的理解回答了。来吧,朋友们,让我们去见世尊,到了之后,我们要把这件事告诉世尊。世尊如何解释,我们就如何记住。""好的,朋友。"尊者三弥提和尊者摩诃俱絺罗回答尊者舍利弗。然后尊者舍利弗、尊者三弥提和尊者摩诃俱絺罗来到世尊处。到了之后,向世尊礼拜,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,尊者舍利弗把他与尊者三弥提和尊者摩诃俱絺罗之间的全部对话告诉了世尊。

"舍利弗,在这里不容易一概而论:'在这三种人中,这一种是最殊胜、最高尚的。'舍利弗,有这种情况:那个信解脱的人可能正在为阿罗汉果而修行,那个身证者可能是一来者或不还者,那个见至者也可能是一来者或不还者。

"舍利弗,在这里不容易一概而论:'在这三种人中,这一种是最殊胜、最高尚的。'舍利弗,有这种情况:那个身证者可能正在为阿罗汉果而修行,那个信解脱的人可能是一来者或不还者,那个见至者也可能是一来者或不还者。

"舍利弗,在这里不容易一概而论:'在这三种人中,这一种是最殊胜、最高尚的。'舍利弗,有这种情况:那个见至者可能正在为阿罗汉果而修行,那个信解脱的人可能是一来者或不还者,那个身证者也可能是一来者或不还者。

"舍利弗,在这里不容易一概而论:'在这三种人中,这一种是最殊胜、最高尚的。'"

第一经完。

22. 病人经

"比丘们,世间上有这三种病人存在。哪三种?在这里,比丘们,有一种病人,无论得到适当的食物还是得不到适当的食物,无论得到适当的药物还是得不到适当的药物,无论得到适当的护理还是得不到适当的护理,都无法从那种疾病中康复。

"然而,比丘们,在这里有一种病人,无论得到适当的食物还是得不到适当的食物,无论得到适当的药物还是得不到适当的药物,无论得到适当的护理还是得不到适当的护理,都能从那种疾病中康复。

"然而,比丘们,在这里有一种病人,只有得到适当的食物而不是得不到,只有得到适当的药物而不是得不到,只有得到适当的护理而不是得不到,才能从那种疾病中康复。

"比丘们,为了这种只有得到适当的食物而不是得不到,只有得到适当的药物而不是得不到,只有得到适当的护理而不是得不到,才能从疾病中康复的病人,病人的食物被允许,病人的药物被允许,病人的护理被允许。比丘们,因为这种病人,其他病人也应该得到护理。比丘们,这就是世间上存在的三种病人。

"同样地,比丘们,世间上有这三种类似病人的人存在。哪三种?在这里,比丘们,有一种人,无论得到见到如来的机会还是得不到见到如来的机会,无论得到听闻如来所教导的法和律的机会还是得不到听闻如来所教导的法和律的机会,都无法进入善法的决定性和正确性。

"然而,比丘们,在这里有一种人,无论得到见到如来的机会还是得不到见到如来的机会,无论得到听闻如来所教导的法和律的机会还是得不到听闻如来所教导的法和律的机会,都能进入善法的决定性和正确性。

"然而,比丘们,在这里有一种人,只有得到见到如来的机会而不是得不到,只有得到听闻如来所教导的法和律的机会而不是得不到,才能进入善法的决定性和正确性。

"比丘们,为了这种只有得到见到如来的机会而不是得不到,只有得到听闻如来所教导的法和律的机会而不是得不到,才能进入善法的决定性和正确性的人,法的教导被允许。比丘们,因为这种人,对其他人也应该教导法。比丘们,这就是世间上存在的三种类似病人的人。"

第二经完。

巴利语原版经文

20/ 10. Dutiyapāpaṇikasuttaṃ

　　 20. “Tīhi bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato pāpaṇiko nacirasseva mahattaṃ vepullattaṃ pāpuṇāti bhogesu. Katamehi tīhi? Idha, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko cakkhumā ca hoti vidhuro ca nissayasampanno ca. Kathañca, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko cakkhumā hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko paṇiyaṃ jānāti– ‘idaṃ paṇiyaṃ evaṃ kītaṃ, evaṃ vikkayamānaṃ, ettakaṃ mūlaṃ bhavissati, ettako udayo’ti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko cakkhumā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko vidhuro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko kusalo hoti paṇiyaṃ ketuñca vikketuñca. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko vidhuro hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko nissayasampanno hoti? Idha bhikkhave pāpaṇikaṃ ye te gahapatī vā gahapatiputtā vā aḍḍhā mahaddhanā mahābhogā te evaṃ jānanti– ‘ayaṃ kho bhavaṃ pāpaṇiko cakkhumā vidhuro ca paṭibalo puttadārañca posetuṃ, amhākañca kālena kālaṃ anuppadātun’ti. Te naṃ bhogehi nipatanti – ‘ito, samma pāpaṇika, bhoge karitvā puttadārañca posehi, amhākañca kālena kālaṃ anuppadehī’ti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, pāpaṇiko nissayasampanno hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi aṅgehi samannāgato pāpaṇiko nacirasseva mahattaṃ vepullattaṃ pāpuṇāti bhogesu.

　　 “Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu nacirasseva mahattaṃ vepullattaṃ pāpuṇāti kusalesu dhammesu. Katamehi tīhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhumā ca hoti vidhuro ca nissayasampanno ca. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhumā hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhumā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vidhuro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vidhuro hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nissayasampanno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ, imassa ko attho’ti? Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nissayasampanno hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu nacirasseva mahattaṃ vepullattaṃ pāpuṇāti kusalesu dhammesū”ti. Dasamaṃ.

　　 Rathakāravaggo dutiyo.

　　 Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.

　　 Tassuddānaṃ–

　　 Ñāto sāraṇīyo bhikkhu, cakkavattī sacetano;

　　 Apaṇṇakattā devo ca, duve pāpaṇikena cāti.

21/ 3. Puggalavaggo

1. Samiddhasuttaṃ

　　 21. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ca samiddho āyasmā ca mahākoṭṭhiko yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ samiddhaṃ āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca–

　　 “Tayome, āvuso samiddha, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ katamo te puggalo khamati abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?

　　 “Tayome, āvuso sāriputta, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ yvāyaṃ puggalo saddhāvimutto, ayaṃ me puggalo khamati imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imassa, āvuso, puggalassa saddhindriyaṃ adhimattan”ti.

　　 Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākoṭṭhikaṃ etadavoca – “tayome, āvuso koṭṭhika, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ katamo te puggalo khamati abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?

　　 “Tayome āvuso sāriputta, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ yvāyaṃ puggalo kāyasakkhī, ayaṃ me puggalo khamati imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imassa, āvuso, puggalassa samādhindriyaṃ adhimattan”ti.

　　 Atha kho āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – “tayome, āvuso sāriputta, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ katamo te puggalo khamati abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā”ti?

　　 “Tayome, āvuso koṭṭhika, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Kāyasakkhī, diṭṭhippatto, saddhāvimutto. Ime kho, āvuso, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Imesaṃ, āvuso, tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ yvāyaṃ puggalo diṭṭhippatto, ayaṃ me puggalo khamati imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Imassa, āvuso, puggalassa paññindriyaṃ adhimattan”ti

　　 Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantañca samiddhaṃ āyasmantañca mahākoṭṭhikaṃ etadavoca– “byākataṃ kho, āvuso, amhehi sabbeheva yathāsakaṃ paṭibhānaṃ. Āyāmāvuso, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocessāma. Yathā no bhagavā byākarissati tathā naṃ dhāressāmā”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā ca samiddho āyasmā ca mahākoṭṭhiko āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca samiddho āyasmā ca mahākoṭṭhiko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto yāvatako ahosi āyasmatā ca samiddhena āyasmatā ca mahākoṭṭhikena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi.

　　 “Na khvettha, sāriputta, sukaraṃ ekaṃsena byākātuṃ– ‘ayaṃ imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’ti. Ṭhānañhetaṃ, sāriputta, vijjati yvāyaṃ puggalo saddhāvimutto svāssa arahattāya paṭipanno, yvāyaṃ puggalo kāyasakkhī svāssa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā, yo cāyaṃ puggalo diṭṭhippatto sopassa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā.

　　 “Na khvettha, sāriputta, sukaraṃ ekaṃsena byākātuṃ– ‘ayaṃ imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’ti. Ṭhānañhetaṃ, sāriputta, vijjati yvāyaṃ puggalo kāyasakkhī svāssa arahattāya paṭipanno, yvāyaṃ puggalo saddhāvimutto svāssa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā, yo cāyaṃ puggalo diṭṭhippatto sopassa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā.

　　 “Na khvettha, sāriputta, sukaraṃ ekaṃsena byākātuṃ– ‘ayaṃ imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’ti. Ṭhānañhetaṃ, sāriputta, vijjati yvāyaṃ puggalo diṭṭhippatto svāssa arahattāya paṭipanno, yvāyaṃ puggalo saddhāvimutto svāssa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā, yo cāyaṃ puggalo kāyasakkhī sopassa sakadāgāmī vā anāgāmī vā.

　　 “Na khvettha, sāriputta, sukaraṃ ekaṃsena byākātuṃ– ‘ayaṃ imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

22/ 2. Gilānasuttaṃ

　　 22. “Tayome, bhikkhave, gilānā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco gilāno labhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni, labhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni, labhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ alabhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ neva vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā.

　　 “Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco gilāno labhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni, labhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni labhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ alabhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā.

　　 “Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco gilāno labhantova sappāyāni bhojanāni no alabhanto, labhantova sappāyāni bhesajjāni no alabhanto, labhantova patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ no alabhanto vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā.

　　 “Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ gilāno labhantova sappāyāni bhojanāni no alabhanto, labhantova sappāyāni bhesajjāni no alabhanto, labhantova patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ no alabhanto vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā, imaṃ kho, bhikkhave, gilānaṃ paṭicca gilānabhattaṃ anuññātaṃ gilānabhesajjaṃ anuññātaṃ gilānupaṭṭhāko anuññāto. Imañca pana, bhikkhave, gilānaṃ paṭicca aññepi gilānā upaṭṭhātabbā. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo gilānā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.

　　 “Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tayome gilānūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya neva okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.

　　 “Idha, pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.

　　 “Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo labhantova tathāgataṃ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhantova tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya no alabhanto okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.

　　 “Tatra bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ puggalo labhantova tathāgataṃ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhantova tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savanāya no alabhanto okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ, imaṃ kho bhikkhave, puggalaṃ paṭicca dhammadesanā anuññātā. Imañca pana, bhikkhave, puggalaṃ paṭicca aññesampi dhammo desetabbo. “Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo gilānūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti. Dutiyaṃ.