相应部7相应20经到22经(婆罗门相应/有偈篇/祇夜)

20 乞食经

发生在舍卫城。有一个名叫比卡卡的婆罗门来到佛陀面前,向佛陀问候。寒暄之后,他坐在一旁,对佛陀说:"尊敬的乔达摩,我是个乞食者,你也是个乞食者,我们之间有什么区别呢?"

佛陀回答说:

"不是因为向他人乞食, 

就能成为真正的乞食者;

不是仅仅遵循外在戒律,

就能成为真正的比丘。

真正的比丘是这样的人:

他断除了善与恶,

过着清净的梵行生活,

以智慧观察世间,

这样的人才称得上是比丘。"

听了这番话,比卡卡婆罗门对佛陀说:"太精彩了,尊敬的乔达摩!太精彩了!就像有人扶起摔倒的东西,揭开遮蔽的东西,为迷路者指明道路,在黑暗中举起明灯,让有眼之人得以见物。同样地,尊敬的乔达摩以各种方式阐明了佛法。我皈依佛陀、佛法和僧团。请接受我从今以后终生为在家信众。"

21 桑加拉瓦经

发生在舍卫城。当时,有一个名叫桑加拉瓦的婆罗门住在舍卫城,他信奉水净化,相信用水可以洗净罪过,每天早晚都沐浴修行。一天早上,阿难尊者穿好衣服,拿着钵进城乞食。乞食完毕后,他来到佛陀面前,向佛陀禀报说:"世尊,有一个名叫桑加拉瓦的婆罗门住在舍卫城,他信奉水净化,相信用水可以洗净罪过,每天早晚都沐浴修行。世尊,请您慈悲去拜访他吧。"佛陀默然同意了。

于是,佛陀穿好衣服,拿着钵来到桑加拉瓦的住处,坐在准备好的座位上。桑加拉瓦来到佛陀面前问候,寒暄之后坐在一旁。佛陀问他:"婆罗门,听说你信奉水净化,相信用水可以洗净罪过,每天早晚都沐浴修行,是这样吗?" 

"是的,尊敬的乔达摩。"

"你为什么要这样做呢?"

"尊敬的乔达摩,我白天所造的恶业,晚上用水洗去;晚上所造的恶业,早上用水洗去。这就是我每天早晚沐浴修行的原因。"

佛陀说:

"佛法如同清澈的池塘,有戒律作为岸边,

没有污浊,受到智者赞颂。

知识渊博的人在此沐浴,

身体不湿就能到达彼岸。"

听了这番话,桑加拉瓦婆罗门对佛陀说:"太精彩了,尊敬的乔达摩!太精彩了!就像有人扶起摔倒的东西,揭开遮蔽的东西,为迷路者指明道路,在黑暗中举起明灯,让有眼之人得以见物。同样地,尊敬的乔达摩以各种方式阐明了佛法。我皈依佛陀、佛法和僧团。请接受我从今以后终生为在家信众。"

22 科玛杜萨经

我是这样听说的:有一次,佛陀在释迦族的科玛杜萨村居住。一天早上,佛陀穿好衣服,拿着钵进村乞食。当时,科玛杜萨的婆罗门和居士们因为某些事务聚集在会堂里,天空开始下毛毛雨。佛陀走向会堂。科玛杜萨的婆罗门和居士们远远地看到佛陀走来,就说:"这些秃头沙门算什么,他们怎么会懂得会堂的规矩?"

于是,佛陀对科玛杜萨的婆罗门和居士们说了这首偈:

"没有正直之人的地方不是真正的会堂,

不说正法的人不是正直之人。

真正的正直之人已经断除了贪、嗔、痴,

说正法的人才是真正的正直之人。"

听了这番话,科玛杜萨的婆罗门和居士们对佛陀说:"太精彩了,尊敬的乔达摩!太精彩了!就像有人扶起摔倒的东西,揭开遮蔽的东西,为迷路者指明道路,在黑暗中举起明灯,让有眼之人得以见物。同样地,尊敬的乔达摩以各种方式阐明了佛法。我们皈依佛陀、佛法和僧团。请接受我们从今以后终生为在家信众。"

在家品第二

婆罗门相应完毕。

巴利语原版经文

20/(10). Bhikkhakasuttaṃ

　　 206. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho bhikkhako brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhikkhako brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “ahampi kho, bho gotama, bhikkhako, bhavampi bhikkhako, idha no kiṃ nānākaraṇan”ti?

　　 “Na tena bhikkhako hoti, yāvatā bhikkhate pare;

　　 Vissaṃ dhammaṃ samādāya, bhikkhu hoti na tāvatā.

　　 “Yodha puññañca pāpañca, bāhitvā brahmacariyaṃ;

　　 Saṅkhāya loke carati, sa ve bhikkhūti vuccatī”ti.

　　 Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhako brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.

21/(11). Saṅgāravasuttaṃ

　　 207. Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena saṅgāravo nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati udakasuddhiko, udakena parisuddhiṃ pacceti, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “idha, bhante, saṅgāravo nāma brāhmaṇo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati udakasuddhiko udakena suddhiṃ pacceti, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yena saṅgāravassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena saṅgāravassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho saṅgāravaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ bhagavā etadavoca– “saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, udakasuddhiko, udakena suddhiṃ paccesi, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharasī”ti? “Evaṃ, bho gotama”. “Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno udakasuddhiko, udakasuddhiṃ paccesi, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharasī”ti? “Idha me, bho gotama, yaṃ divā pāpakammaṃ kataṃ hoti, taṃ sāyaṃ nhānena pavāhemi, yaṃ rattiṃ pāpakammaṃ kataṃ hoti taṃ pātaṃ nhānena pavāhemi. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bho gotama, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno udakasuddhiko, udakena suddhiṃ paccemi, sāyaṃ pātaṃ udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharāmī”ti.

　　 “Dhammo rahado brāhmaṇa sīlatittho, anāvilo sabbhi sataṃ pasattho.

　　 Yattha have vedaguno sinātā, anallagattāva taranti pāran”ti.

　　 Evaṃ vutte, saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.

22/(12). Khomadussasuttaṃ

　　 208. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati khomadussaṃ nāmaṃ sakyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya khomadussaṃ nigamaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Tena kho pana samayena khomadussakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā sabhāyaṃ sannipatitā honti kenacideva karaṇīyena, devo ca ekamekaṃ phusāyati. Atha kho bhagavā yena sā sabhā tenupasaṅkami. Addasaṃsu khomadussakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna etadavocuṃ– “ke ca muṇḍakā samaṇakā, ke ca sabhādhammaṃ jānissantī”ti? Atha kho bhagavā khomadussake brāhmaṇagahapatike gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

　　 “Nesā sabhā yattha na santi santo, santo na te ye na vadanti dhammaṃ.

　　 Rāgañca dosañca pahāya mohaṃ, dhammaṃ vadantā ca bhavanti santo”ti.

　　 Evaṃ vutte, khomadussakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama; seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya– cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti, evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Ete mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsake no bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupete saraṇaṃ gate”ti.

　　 Upāsakavaggo dutiyo.

　　 Tassuddānaṃ–

　　 Kasi udayo devahito, aññataramahāsālaṃ;

　　 Mānathaddhaṃ paccanīkaṃ, navakammikakaṭṭhahāraṃ.

　　 Mātuposakaṃ bhikkhako, saṅgāravo ca khomadussena dvādasāti.

　　 Brāhmaṇasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.