相应部6相应1经/梵天请法经(梵天相应/有偈篇/祇夜)

梵天相应

第一品

梵天请法经

如是我闻:一时,世尊住在乌鲁维罗的尼连禅河边的阿阇波罗尼拘律树下,刚刚成正等正觉。

那时,世尊独处静坐,心中生起这样的思惟:"我所证悟的法甚深,难见难解,寂静微妙,超越思维,深奥细致,唯智者能知。然而,这些众生喜好执着,乐于执着,欢喜执着。对于喜好执着、乐于执着、欢喜执着的众生来说,此缘起法甚难理解。涅槃寂静之境也甚难理解,即是一切行的止息,一切依的舍离,爱尽、离欲、灭、涅槃。如果我说法,他们不能理解,那只会使我疲劳困扰。"

于是,世尊心中浮现从未听闻过的奇特偈颂:

"我艰难证得此法,何必现在宣说?

为贪嗔所缠众生,难悟此微妙法。

逆流而上精微深,难见难解微细,

贪爱迷醉不能见,为无明黑暗覆。"

世尊思惟后,心倾向于少事少业,不欲说法。

这时,大梵天王知道了世尊的心念,便想:"世间将要毁灭了!如来、阿罗汉、正等正觉者的心倾向于少事少业,不欲说法。"

于是,大梵天王如同壮士伸屈手臂那样迅速,在梵界消失,出现在世尊面前。他偏袒右肩,右膝着地,向世尊合掌,说道:"世尊,请说法!善逝,请说法!有些众生尘垢稀少,若不闻法则会退失。必定会有人能够了知佛法。"

大梵天王如是说已,又说偈颂:

"往昔摩揭陀国中,曾现不净邪思法,

请开甘露法门扉,让众闻无垢妙法。

如立山巅望四方,睿智法王登法阁,

普眼观察众生苦,度脱生死忧患者。

英雄请起胜魔军,导师无债游世间,

世尊请为说妙法,定有智者能领悟。"

世尊知道大梵天王的请求,又慈悲怜悯众生,以佛眼观察世间。世尊以佛眼观见众生根机利钝不同,有些容易度化,有些难以度化,有些能见后世过患怖畏,有些不能见后世过患怖畏。

就像在青莲池、红莲池、白莲池中,有些莲花生长在水中,浸没水中,沉在水底;有些长到水面;有些已出离水面,不被水沾湿。同样地,世尊以佛眼观见众生根机利钝不同,有些容易度化,有些难以度化,有些能见后世过患怖畏,有些不能见后世过患怖畏。

见已,世尊以偈颂回答大梵天王:

"为有耳者开甘露门,让他们舍疑生净信。

梵天,我本不欲多言,今为人间说妙法。"

大梵天王知道世尊已允许说法,便向世尊礼拜,右绕而去,即刻消失不见。

巴利语原版经文

6. Brahmasaṃyuttaṃ

1. Paṭhamavaggo

SN.6.1/(1) Brahmāyācanasuttaṃ

　 172. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi– “adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo gambhīro duddaso duranubodho santo paṇīto atakkāvacaro nipuṇo paṇḍitavedanīyo. Ālayarāmā kho panāyaṃ pajā ālayaratā ālayasammuditā. Ālayarāmāya kho pana pajāya ālayaratāya ālayasammuditāya duddasaṃ idaṃ ṭhānaṃ yadidaṃ idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppādo. Idampi kho ṭhānaṃ duddasaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana dhammaṃ deseyyaṃ; pare ca me na ājāneyyuṃ; so mamassa kilamatho, sā mamassa vihesā”ti. Apissu bhagavantaṃ imā anacchariyā gāthāyo paṭibhaṃsu pubbe assutapubbā–

　 “Kicchena me adhigataṃ, halaṃ dāni pakāsituṃ;

　 Rāgadosaparetehi, nāyaṃ dhammo susambudho.

　 “Paṭisotagāmiṃ nipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ aṇuṃ;

　 Rāgarattā na dakkhanti, tamokhandhena āvuṭā”ti.

　 Itiha bhagavato paṭisañcikkhato appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati, no dhammadesanāya.

　 Atha kho brahmuno sahampatissa bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi– “nassati vata bho loko, vinassati vata bho loko, yatra hi nāma tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati, no dhammadesanāyā”ti. Atha kho brahmā sahampati– seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva– brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ pathaviyaṃ nihantvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “desetu, bhante, bhagavā dhammaṃ, desetu sugato dhammaṃ. Santi sattā apparajakkhajātikā, assavanatā dhammassa parihāyanti. Bhavissanti dhammassa aññātāro”ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca–

　 “Pāturahosi magadhesu pubbe, dhammo asuddho samalehi cintito.

　 Apāpuretaṃ amatassa dvāraṃ, suṇantu dhammaṃ vimalenānubuddhaṃ.

　 “Sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito, yathāpi passe janataṃ samantato.

　 Tathūpamaṃ dhammamayaṃ sumedha, pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhu.

　 Sokāvatiṇṇaṃ janatamapetasoko, avekkhassu jātijarābhibhūtaṃ.

　 “Uṭṭhehi vīra vijitasaṅgāma, satthavāha anaṇa vicara loke.

　 Desassu bhagavā dhammaṃ, aññātāro bhavissantī”ti.

　 Atha kho bhagavā brahmuno ca ajjhesanaṃ viditvā sattesu ca kāruññataṃ paṭicca buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokesi. Addasā kho bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante. Seyyathāpi nāma uppaliniyaṃ vā paduminiyaṃ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṃ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakānuggatāni anto nimuggaposīni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni samodakaṃ ṭhitāni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakā accuggamma ṭhitāni anupalittāni udakena; evameva bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento addasa satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante. Disvāna brahmānaṃ sahampatiṃ gāthāya paccabhāsi–

　 “Apārutā tesaṃ amatassa dvārā, ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṃ.

　 Vihiṃsasaññī paguṇaṃ na bhāsiṃ, dhammaṃ paṇītaṃ manujesu brahme”ti.

　 Atha kho brahmā sahampati “katāvakāso khomhi bhagavatā dhammadesanāyā”ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.