第一千一百七十八章 大会经
长部20经/大会经(大品[第二])
如是我闻:一时,世尊与五百位比丘众共住在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城大林中,这些比丘都是阿罗汉。来自十方世界的诸天众也大多聚集在此,为了见世尊和比丘众。这时,四位净居天神想道:"现在世尊与五百位阿罗汉比丘众住在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城大林中,来自十方世界的诸天众也都聚集在此,为了见世尊和比丘众。我们也应当去见世尊,见了之后各自说一偈。"
于是这些天神,就像壮士伸展弯曲的手臂或弯曲伸展的手臂那样迅速,从净居天消失,出现在世尊面前。这些天神向世尊礼敬后,站在一旁。站在一旁的一位天神在世尊面前诵此偈:
"大集会在林中,天众已聚集;
我等来法会,见无败圣众。"
然后另一位天神在世尊面前诵此偈:
"比丘众入定,调直自己心;
如御者持缰,智者护诸根。"
然后另一位天神在世尊面前诵此偈:
"断除诸障碍,拔除贪欲桩,
无执著清净,如善驯象王。"
然后另一位天神在世尊面前诵此偈:
"诸归依佛者,不堕恶道中;
舍离人身后,当生天众中。"
这时世尊告诉比丘们:"比丘们,十方世界的诸天众大多都聚集在此,为了见如来和比丘众。比丘们,过去诸位阿罗汉正等正觉者也有如此多的天众聚集,如同现在聚集于我这里一样。比丘们,未来诸位阿罗汉正等正觉者也将有如此多的天众聚集,如同现在聚集于我这里一样。比丘们,我将宣说诸天众的名号,我将称诸天众的名号,我将教示诸天众的名号。谛听,善思念之,我将开示。"比丘们回答说:"是的,世尊。"
世尊说道:
"我将诵此偈,诸地居天神;
依山洞而住,精进且入定。
如众狮独处,克服恐怖心;
心意皆洁白,清净无浊染。"
知彼五百众,住迦毗罗林;
于是导师召,乐法诸弟子:
"天众已来临,汝等比丘知";
他们闻佛教,精进而用功。
现前智慧生,得见非人众;
或见百天神,或见千更多。
有见十万众,或见无量天;
遍满十方界,明见无障碍。
"七千夜叉众,住迦毗罗城;
具足大神通,光明且庄严。
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
六千雪山众,形色各不同;
具足大神通,光明且庄严。
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
三千佐多山,夜叉众来临;
具足大神通,光明且庄严。
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
如是一万六,夜叉众来临;
具足大神通,光明且庄严。
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
毗沙密多众,五百夜叉临;
具足大神通,光明且庄严。
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
王舍城鸠盘,住毗富罗山;
十万众随从,夜叉皆来此。
鸠盘婆罗王,亦至林集会。"
"持国天王主,统领东方界;
乾闼婆众主,大王具威德。
其子众甚多,皆名因陀罗;
具足大神通,光明且庄严。
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
增长天王主,统领南方界;
鸠槃荼众主,大王具威德。
其子众甚多,皆名因陀罗;
具足大神通,光明且庄严。
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
广目天王主,统领西方界;
龙族之主宰,大王具威德。
其子众甚多,皆名因陀罗;
具足大神通,光明且庄严。
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
多闻天王主,统领北方界;
夜叉众之主,大王具威德。
其子众甚多,皆名因陀罗;
具足大神通,光明且庄严。
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
持国居东方,增长居南方;
广目居西方,多闻居北方。
四大天王众,护世四方立;
光耀而庄严,立于迦毗林。"
"诸天王侍从,幻术欺诈者;
摩耶及俱吒,毗吒与毗吒。
旃檀与善欲,紧那罗干闼;
波那陀优婆,天使摩多利。
干闼婆音乐,王那罗众主;
五音及帝缚,容光如太阳。
此等诸天王,干闼婆众主;
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。"
"那伽龙族众,毗舍离龙众;
劫跋罗龙来,眷属共相随。
阎浮持国众,威德诸龙王;
伊罗钵龙王,亦至此集会。
有鸟金翅族,明眼具神通;
空中忽来临,名为妙翅鸟。
是时诸龙王,不惧金翅鸟;
佛为作护持,龙鸟皆归依。"
"阿修罗居海,为帝释所败;
婆娑婆兄弟,具神通名称。
迦罗迦诸众,阿修罗凶猛;
吠波质帝与,波诃罗陀众。
百位跋梨子,名为毗卢遮;
率领跋梨军,罗睺来集会;
时至诸贤者,比丘林集会。"
"水天地天众,火天风天来;
婆楼那天众,苏摩具名称。
慈悲诸天众,威德皆来临;
十类各十群,种种色庄严。
具足大神通,光明且庄严;
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
毗纽天娑诃,二阎摩天众;
月天众拥护,月王为上首。
日天众拥护,日王为上首;
星宿众围绕,云天众来临。
帝释天中胜,统领三十三;
十类各十群,种种色庄严。
具足大神通,光明且庄严;
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
娑婆天众至,光耀如火焰;
阿梨吒天众,莲华光天众。
婆楼那法众,不动天众来;
须梨耶光明,帝释眷属至。
十类各十群,种种色庄严。
具足大神通,光明且庄严;
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
"娑摩那天众,大娑摩那天;
人天及上人,戏乐天众来。
又有金色天,及赤色天众;
波罗伽天众,威德皆来临。
十类各十群,种种色庄严。
具足大神通,光明且庄严;
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
白天韦伽那,阿楼那天众;
最胜白衣天,智慧天众来。
常醉象骑天,杂色具名称;
雷电雨神众,普降诸方界。
十类各十群,种种色庄严;
具足大神通,光明且庄严;
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
克迷兜率天,夜摩具名称;
蓝毗尼胜天,光明无漏天。
化乐天众来,他化自在天。
十类各十群,种种色庄严;
具足大神通,光明且庄严;
欢喜而来此,比丘林集会。
六十天众类,种种色庄严;
随名号而来,与其他众俱。
'我等来相见,度生死无漏;
渡瀑流圣者,如月出乌云。'"
"善梵与胜梵,与具神通子;
常童形帝须,来至林集会。
千梵天界中,大梵天安住;
威光具庄严,身形极殊胜。
十位自在者,各各具威力;
其中复有来,诃利多眷属。"
"如是诸天众,帝释梵天俱;
魔军亦来临,看黑魔愚痴。
'来此捕捉束,为贪欲所缚;
周匝围绕彼,勿令有脱者。'
于是大军主,黑魔遣其军;
以手拍大地,发出可怖声。
如雨季雷鸣,电光闪烁时;
彼即退却去,忿怒不自制。"
"彼一切知已,具眼者观察;
于是导师告,乐法诸弟子:
'魔军已来临,汝等比丘知。'
彼等闻佛教,精进而修习。
离欲者离去,不动如毫毛。
'一切战胜者,超越诸怖畏;
具德与众生,欢喜声闻众。'"
大会经终
这部经描述了一次殊胜的法会,有来自十方世界的各类天神、龙族、夜叉等众生前来集会,听闻佛陀说法。经文生动地描绘了佛教宇宙观中各类众生的层次和特征,展现了佛陀的威德感召力。
巴利语原版经文
DN.20/(7) Mahāsamayasuttaṃ
331. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ mahāvane mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sabbeheva arahantehi; dasahi ca lokadhātūhi devatā yebhuyyena sannipatitā honti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya bhikkhusaṅghañca. Atha kho catunnaṃ suddhāvāsakāyikānaṃ devatānaṃ etadahosi– “ayaṃ kho bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ mahāvane mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sabbeheva arahantehi; dasahi ca lokadhātūhi devatā yebhuyyena sannipatitā honti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya bhikkhusaṅghañca. Yaṃnūna mayampi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike paccekaṃ gāthaṃ bhāseyyāmā”ti.
332. Atha kho tā devatā seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva suddhāvāsesu devesu antarahitā bhagavato purato pāturahesuṃ. Atha kho tā devatā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho ekā devatā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Mahāsamayo pavanasmiṃ, devakāyā samāgatā;
Āgatamha imaṃ dhammasamayaṃ, dakkhitāye aparājitasaṅghan”ti.
Atha kho aparā devatā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Tatra bhikkhavo samādahaṃsu, cittamattano ujukaṃ akaṃsu.
Sārathīva nettāni gahetvā, indriyāni rakkhanti paṇḍitā”ti.
Atha kho aparā devatā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Chetvā khīlaṃ chetvā palighaṃ, indakhīlaṃ ūhacca manejā;
Te caranti suddhā vimalā, cakkhumatā sudantā susunāgā”ti.
Atha kho aparā devatā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Yekeci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ.
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressantī”ti.
Devatāsannipātā
333. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “yebhuyyena, bhikkhave, dasasu lokadhātūsu devatā sannipatitā honti, tathāgataṃ dassanāya bhikkhusaṅghañca Yepi te, bhikkhave, ahesuṃ atītamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā, tesampi bhagavantānaṃ etaṃparamāyeva devatā sannipatitā ahesuṃ seyyathāpi mayhaṃ etarahi. Yepi te, bhikkhave, bhavissanti anāgatamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā, tesampi bhagavantānaṃ etaṃparamāyeva devatā sannipatitā bhavissanti seyyathāpi mayhaṃ etarahi. Ācikkhissāmi, bhikkhave, devakāyānaṃ nāmāni; kittayissāmi, bhikkhave, devakāyānaṃ nāmāni; desessāmi, bhikkhave, devakāyānaṃ nāmāni. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ.
334. Bhagavā etadavoca–
“Silokamanukassāmi, yattha bhummā tadassitā;
Ye sitā girigabbharaṃ, pahitattā samāhitā.
“Puthūsīhāva sallīnā, lomahaṃsābhisambhuno;
Odātamanasā suddhā, vippasannamanāvilā” .
Bhiyyo pañcasate ñatvā, vane kāpilavatthave;
Tato āmantayī satthā, sāvake sāsane rate.
“Devakāyā abhikkantā, te vijānātha bhikkhavo”;
Te ca ātappamakaruṃ, sutvā buddhassa sāsanaṃ.
Tesaṃ pāturahu ñāṇaṃ, amanussānadassanaṃ;
Appeke satamaddakkhuṃ, sahassaṃ atha sattariṃ.
Sataṃ eke sahassānaṃ, amanussānamaddasuṃ;
Appekenantamaddakkhuṃ disā sabbā phuṭā ahuṃ.
Tañca sabbaṃ abhiññāya, vavatthitvānacakkhumā.
Tato āmantayī satthā, sāvake sāsane rate.
“Devakāyā abhikkantā, te vijānātha bhikkhavo;
Ye vohaṃ kittayissāmi, girāhi anupubbaso.
335.“Sattasahassā te yakkhā, bhummā kāpilavatthavā.
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Chasahassā hemavatā, yakkhā nānattavaṇṇino;
Iddhimanto jutīmanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Sātāgirā tisahassā, yakkhā nānattavaṇṇino;
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Iccete soḷasasahassā, yakkhā nānattavaṇṇino;
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Vessāmittā pañcasatā, yakkhā nānattavaṇṇino;
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Kumbhīro rājagahiko, vepullassa nivesanaṃ;
Bhiyyo naṃ satasahassaṃ, yakkhānaṃ payirupāsati.
Kumbhīro rājagahiko, sopāgā samitiṃ vanaṃ.
336.“Purimañca disaṃ rājā, dhataraṭṭho pasāsati.
Gandhabbānaṃ adhipati, mahārājā yasassiso.
“Puttāpi tassa bahavo, indanāmā mahabbalā;
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Dakkhiṇañca disaṃ rājā, virūḷho taṃ pasāsati.
Kumbhaṇḍānaṃ adhipati, mahārājā yasassiso.
“Puttāpi tassa bahavo, indanāmā mahabbalā;
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Pacchimañca disaṃ rājā, virūpakkho pasāsati;
Nāgānañca adhipati, mahārājā yasassiso.
“Puttāpi tassa bahavo, indanāmā mahabbalā;
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Uttarañca disaṃ rājā, kuvero taṃ pasāsati;
Yakkhānañca adhipati, mahārājā yasassiso.
“Puttāpi tassa bahavo, indanāmā mahabbalā;
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Purimaṃ disaṃ dhataraṭṭho, dakkhiṇena virūḷhako;
Pacchimena virūpakkho, kuvero uttaraṃ disaṃ.
“Cattāro te mahārājā, samantā caturo disā;
Daddallamānā aṭṭhaṃsu, vane kāpilavatthave.
337.“Tesaṃ māyāvino dāsā, āguṃ vañcanikā saṭhā.
Māyā kuṭeṇḍu viṭeṇḍu, viṭucca viṭuṭo saha.
“Candano kāmaseṭṭho ca, kinnighaṇḍu nighaṇḍu ca;
Panādo opamañño ca, devasūto ca mātali.
“Cittaseno ca gandhabbo, naḷorājā janesabho.
Āgā pañcasikho ceva, timbarū sūriyavaccasā.
“Ete caññe ca rājāno, gandhabbā saha rājubhi;
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
338.“Athāguṃ nāgasā nāgā, vesālā sahatacchakā.
Kambalassatarā āguṃ, pāyāgā saha ñātibhi.
“Yāmunā dhataraṭṭhā ca, āgū nāgā yasassino;
Erāvaṇo mahānāgo, sopāgā samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Ye nāgarāje sahasā haranti, dibbā dijā pakkhi visuddhacakkhū.
Vehāyasā te vanamajjhapattā, citrā supaṇṇā iti tesa nāmaṃ.
“Abhayaṃ tadā nāgarājānamāsi, supaṇṇato khemamakāsi buddho.
Saṇhāhi vācāhi upavhayantā, nāgā supaṇṇā saraṇamakaṃsu buddhaṃ.
339.“Jitā vajirahatthena, samuddaṃ asurāsitā.
Bhātaro vāsavassete, iddhimanto yasassino.
“Kālakañcā mahābhismā, asurā dānaveghasā;
Vepacitti sucitti ca, pahārādo namucī saha.
“Satañca baliputtānaṃ, sabbe verocanāmakā;
Sannayhitvā balisenaṃ, rāhubhaddamupāgamuṃ.
Samayodāni bhaddante, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
340.“Āpo ca devā pathavī, tejo vāyo tadāgamuṃ.
Varuṇā vāraṇā devā, somo ca yasasā saha.
“Mettā karuṇā kāyikā, āguṃ devā yasassino;
Dasete dasadhā kāyā, sabbe nānattavaṇṇino.
“Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino;
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Veṇḍudevā sahali ca, asamā ca duve yamā.
Candassūpanisā devā, candamāguṃ purakkhatvā.
“Sūriyassūpanisā devā, sūriyamāguṃ purakkhatvā;
Nakkhattāni purakkhatvā, āguṃ mandavalāhakā.
“Vasūnaṃ vāsavo seṭṭho, sakkopāgā purindado;
Dasete dasadhā kāyā, sabbe nānattavaṇṇino.
“Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino;
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Athāguṃ sahabhū devā, jalamaggisikhāriva;
Ariṭṭhakā ca rojā ca, umāpupphanibhāsino.
“Varuṇā sahadhammā ca, accutā ca anejakā;
Sūleyyarucirā āguṃ, āguṃ vāsavanesino.
Dasete dasadhā kāyā, sabbe nānattavaṇṇino.
“Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino;
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Samānā mahāsamanā, mānusā mānusuttamā;
Khiḍḍāpadosikā āguṃ, āguṃ manopadosikā.
“Athāguṃ harayo devā, ye ca lohitavāsino;
Pāragā mahāpāragā, āguṃ devā yasassino.
Dasete dasadhā kāyā, sabbe nānattavaṇṇino.
“Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino;
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Sukkā karambhā aruṇā, āguṃ veghanasā saha;
Odātagayhā pāmokkhā, āguṃ devā vicakkhaṇā.
“Sadāmattā hāragajā, missakā ca yasassino;
Thanayaṃ āga pajjunno, yo disā abhivassati.
“Dasete dasadhā kāyā, sabbe nānattavaṇṇino;
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Khemiyā tusitā yāmā, kaṭṭhakā ca yasassino;
Lambītakā lāmaseṭṭhā, jotināmā ca āsavā.
Nimmānaratino āguṃ, athāguṃ paranimmitā.
“Dasete dasadhā kāyā, sabbe nānattavaṇṇino;
Iddhimanto jutimanto, vaṇṇavanto yasassino.
Modamānā abhikkāmuṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Saṭṭhete devanikāyā, sabbe nānattavaṇṇino;
Nāmanvayena āgacchuṃ, ye caññe sadisā saha.
“‘Pavuṭṭhajātimakhilaṃ, oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ;
Dakkhemoghataraṃ nāgaṃ, candaṃva asitātigaṃ’.
341.“Subrahmā paramatto ca, puttā iddhimato saha.
Sanaṅkumāro tisso ca, sopāga samitiṃ vanaṃ.
“Sahassaṃ brahmalokānaṃ, mahābrahmābhitiṭṭhati;
Upapanno jutimanto, bhismākāyo yasassiso.
“Dasettha issarā āguṃ, paccekavasavattino;
Tesañca majjhato āga, hārito parivārito.
342.“Te ca sabbe abhikkante, sa-inde deve sabrahmake.
Mārasenā abhikkāmi, passa kaṇhassa mandiyaṃ.
“‘Etha gaṇhatha bandhatha, rāgena baddhamatthu vo;
Samantā parivāretha, mā vo muñcittha koci naṃ’.
“Iti tattha mahāseno, kaṇho senaṃ apesayi;
Pāṇinā talamāhacca, saraṃ katvāna bheravaṃ.
“Yathā pāvussako megho, thanayanto savijjuko;
Tadā so paccudāvatti, saṅkuddho asayaṃvase.
343. Tañca sabbaṃ abhiññāya, vavatthitvāna cakkhumā.
Tato āmantayī satthā, sāvake sāsane rate.
“Mārasenā abhikkantā, te vijānātha bhikkhavo;
Te ca ātappamakaruṃ, sutvā buddhassa sāsanaṃ.
Vītarāgehi pakkāmuṃ, nesaṃ lomāpi iñjayuṃ.
“‘Sabbe vijitasaṅgāmā, bhayātītā yasassino;
Modanti saha bhūtehi, sāvakā te janesutā”ti.
Mahāsamayasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ sattamaṃ.