长部19经/大典尊经(大品[第二])

【开篇：】

"如是我闻，一时世尊住在王舍城耆阇崛山。那时，乾闼婆子五髻在深夜里，以殊胜的容色照亮整个耆阇崛山，来到世尊处。到已，礼敬世尊，站在一旁。站在一旁的乾闼婆子五髻对世尊说：'尊者，我亲耳听到，亲自领受了三十三天诸天的话，我要告诉世尊。'世尊说：'五髻啊，你告诉我吧。'"

【天众集会：】

"尊者，前些日子，在十五布萨日满月之夜，三十三天诸天集会于善法堂。众多天众围坐四周，四大天王坐于四方：

- 东方持国天王面向西方而坐，在诸天之前

- 南方增长天王面向北方而坐，在诸天之前

- 西方广目天王面向东方而坐，在诸天之前

- 北方多闻天王面向南方而坐，在诸天之前

当三十三天诸天及众多天众围坐，四大天王坐于四方时，这是他们的座位安排，然后才是我们的座位。"

【佛弟子生天：】

"尊者，那些在世尊处修梵行后新生到三十三天的诸天，他们以容色和荣耀胜过其他诸天。因此，三十三天诸天欢喜雀跃，心生喜悦说：'诸天众确实在增长，阿修罗众在减少！'"

【帝释的赞颂：】

"然后，尊者，帝释天王见三十三天诸天欢喜，以偈颂随喜道：

'三十三天与帝释，

皆大欢喜敬如来，

称赞正法之殊胜，

见新天众甚庄严。

他们修习善逝教，

容色荣耀来至此，

胜过诸天甚光明，

广慧弟子得殊胜。

见此三十三天众，

帝释欢喜同赞叹，

礼敬如来及正法，

法性清净最殊胜。'

因此，尊者，三十三天诸天更加欢喜雀跃，心生喜悦说：'诸天众确实在增长，阿修罗众在减少！'"

【八种真实赞叹：】

"然后，尊者，帝释天王见三十三天诸天欢喜，便对三十三天说：'诸位贤者，你们想听世尊的八种真实赞叹吗？''贤者，我们想听世尊的八种真实赞叹。'于是，尊者，帝释天王对三十三天宣说世尊的八种真实赞叹：'三十三天诸位，你们怎么想？世尊为了众生利益，为了众生安乐，怀着对世间的慈悲，为了人天的福祉与安乐而修行。像这样为了众生利益与安乐，对世间怀有慈悲，为了人天的福祉与安乐而修行的导师，具有这种品德，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过。'"

【对佛陀的赞叹继续：】

"世尊善说法，是现见的、无时的、来见的、导向的、智者自知的。像这样宣说导向之法的导师，具有这种品德，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过。

世尊善巧开示何为善，何为不善，何为有罪，何为无罪，何为应修，何为不应修，何为低劣，何为殊胜，何为黑白差别。像这样宣说善不善等法的导师，具有这种品德，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过。

世尊为弟子善说趣向涅槃之道，涅槃与道路相会。就如恒河水与耶牟那河水相会、融合，同样地，世尊为弟子善说趣向涅槃之道，涅槃与道路相会。像这样宣说趣向涅槃之道的导师，具有这种品德，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过。

【更多的赞叹：】

"世尊已得利养与名声，甚至刹帝利都以爱敬心对待他。然而世尊受用饮食时离慢心。像这样受用无慢饮食的导师，具有这种品德，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过。

世尊得到有学道和阿罗汉为友。世尊舍离他们而独住，专注于禅修。像这样专注独居的导师，具有这种品德，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过。

世尊说如实行，行如实说，如是说如是行，如是行如是说。像这样法随法行的导师，具有这种品德，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过。

世尊已度疑惑，离诸犹豫，意志圆满，梵行已立。像这样已度疑惑、离诸犹豫、意志圆满、梵行已立的导师，具有这种品德，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过。"

【天众的反应：】

"尊者，这就是帝释天王对三十三天宣说的世尊八种真实赞叹。听闻世尊的这八种真实赞叹后，三十三天诸天更加欢喜雀跃。其中有些天说：'贤者啊，愿世间出现四位正等正觉者，像世尊那样说法，那将为人天带来更多利益安乐。'有些天说：'贤者啊，不要说四位，愿世间出现三位正等正觉者就好。'有些天说：'贤者啊，不要说三位，愿世间出现两位正等正觉者就好。'"

【帝释的回应：】

"在这时，帝释天王对三十三天诸天说：'贤者们，这是不可能的，没有这种情况，即在一个世界中同时有两位阿罗汉正等正觉者出现，这是不可能的。但愿世尊长寿无病，常住世间，那将为人天带来利益安乐。'然后，三十三天在善法堂集会商议此事，四大天王也对此表达了意见，各自站在自己的座位上未离开。

诸王说完他们的话，

接受教导与指示，

内心清净且安详，

仍然安坐各自位。"

【光明显现：】

"尊者，这时北方现起殊胜光明，光芒显现，超越诸天的天光。帝释天王对三十三天说：'贤者们，依这些征相所示，有殊胜光明生起，光芒显现，这是梵天将要出现的前兆。因为光明生起、光芒显现是梵天出现的征兆。

如所见征相显示，

梵天定将来此处，

此为梵天之征兆，

广大光明遍照故。'"

【三十三天等待：】

"于是，尊者，三十三天诸天都坐在各自的座位上说：'让我们了解这光明的果报，等亲见它后再走。'四大天王也坐在各自的座位上说：'让我们了解这光明的果报，等亲见它后再走。'听到这话，三十三天一心专注说：'让我们了解这光明的果报，等亲见它后再走。'

当青年梵天出现在三十三天面前时，他化现粗大身形而来。梵天的本来形态，三十三天的眼睛无法见到。当青年梵天出现在三十三天面前时，他以容色和威德胜过其他诸天。就像金像胜过人像一样，青年梵天出现时，以容色和威德胜过其他诸天。

当青年梵天出现时，在那众会中没有任何天神起身礼敬或请坐。所有天神都默然合掌盘坐，想着：'现在青年梵天想要坐哪位天神的座位，他就会坐那里。'青年梵天坐在哪位天神的座位上，那位天神就获得殊胜的喜悦和满足。就如刚受灌顶的刹帝利王获得殊胜的喜悦和满足一样。"

【梵天的赞颂：】

"然后，尊者，青年梵天知道三十三天诸天欢喜，便隐身以偈颂随喜：

'三十三天与帝释，

皆大欢喜敬如来，

称赞正法之殊胜，

见新天众甚庄严。

他们修习善逝教，

容色荣耀来至此，

胜过诸天甚光明，

广慧弟子得殊胜。

见此三十三天众，

帝释欢喜同赞叹，

礼敬如来及正法，

法性清净最殊胜。'"

【梵天的声音：】

"尊者，青年梵天说了这番话。当青年梵天说话时，他的声音具足八种特质：清晰、明了、悦耳、动听、圆满、不散乱、深远且产生共鸣。他的声音只在会众之内听闻，不传到会众之外。具足这八种特质的声音被称为'梵音'。

然后，三十三天对青年梵天说：'善哉，大梵天！我们因此而欢喜。帝释天王已说了世尊的八种真实赞叹，我们也因此而欢喜。'"

【重述八种赞叹：】

"然后，尊者，青年梵天对帝释天王说：'善哉，天帝！我们也想听世尊的八种真实赞叹。'帝释天王说：'好的，大梵天。'于是向青年梵天重述世尊的八种真实赞叹：

'大梵天怎么想？世尊为了众生利益，为了众生安乐，怀着对世间的慈悲，为了人天的福祉与安乐而修行。像这样为了众生利益与安乐，对世间怀有慈悲，为了人天的福祉与安乐而修行的导师，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过。

世尊善说法，是现见的、无时的、来见的、导向的、智者自知的。像这样宣说导向之法的导师，我们在过去没有见过，现在除了世尊之外也没有见过...'"

【注：这里继续重复前面提到的八种赞叹，内容基本相同】

【大典尊婆罗门的故事开始：】

"尊者，青年梵天听了世尊的八种真实赞叹后，心生欢喜，充满喜悦。然后，青年梵天化现粗大身形，现为童子相，出现在三十三天面前。他升至空中盘坐，就像强壮的人能在铺设好的座位或平地上轻易盘坐一样。他升至空中盘坐后，对三十三天说：

'诸位三十三天，你们觉得如何？那位世尊在很久以前就具有大智慧。从前有一个名叫地主的国王。地主王有一位名叫典尊的婆罗门作为祭司。地主王有一个名叫宝王的王子。典尊婆罗门有一个名叫火护的青年儿子。这样，宝王太子、火护青年和其他六位刹帝利，这八人是朋友。

过了一段时间，典尊婆罗门去世了。典尊婆罗门死后，地主王悲叹说："唉！在我们能把一切事务都托付给典尊婆罗门，享受五种欲乐的时候，他却去世了！"听到这话，宝王太子对地主王说："陛下，请不要为典尊婆罗门的死过分忧伤。他有一个儿子火护青年，比他父亲更有智慧，更善于观察利益。凡是他父亲能处理的事务，火护也都能处理。"国王问："真的如此吗，太子？""是的，陛下。"'"

【火护成为大典尊：】

"于是地主王召唤一个人说：'来吧，善人，去见火护青年，告诉他："愿火护青年吉祥，地主王召见火护青年，地主王想见火护青年。"'那人答应说：'是，陛下。'便去见火护青年，转达了国王的话。火护青年答应后就去见地主王，与王相互问候，寒暄已毕，坐在一旁。地主王对坐在一旁的火护青年说：'愿你指导我们，不要拒绝指导。我要立你在你父亲的位置上，任命你为大典尊。'火护青年答应了。"

【火护晋升：】

"于是地主王立火护青年为大典尊，使他继承父位。被任命为大典尊并继承父位后，火护不仅处理他父亲过去处理的事务，还处理父亲未曾处理的事务；不仅完成父亲完成的工作，还完成父亲未完成的工作。人们因此说：'这位婆罗门确实是典尊，确实是大典尊啊！'这就是火护青年获得'大典尊'这个称号的缘由。"

【分王国：】

"然后，大典尊婆罗门去见那六位刹帝利，对他们说：'地主王已经年老，年迈衰老，到了晚年。谁知道寿命呢？很可能在地主王去世后，择主者们会立宝王太子为王。来吧，诸位，去见宝王太子，对他说："我们是宝王殿下亲爱的、喜欢的、不讨厌的朋友。殿下快乐我们就快乐，殿下痛苦我们就痛苦。地主王已经年老，年迈衰老，到了晚年。谁知道寿命呢？很可能在地主王去世后，择主者们会立你为王。如果你得到王位，请与我们分享王国。"'"

【六位刹帝利的请求：】

"'好的。'那六位刹帝利同意了大典尊婆罗门的话，去见宝王太子，说：'我们是宝王殿下亲爱的、喜欢的、不讨厌的朋友。殿下快乐我们就快乐，殿下痛苦我们就痛苦。地主王已经年老，年迈衰老，到了晚年。谁知道寿命呢？很可能在地主王去世后，择主者们会立你为王。如果你得到王位，请与我们分享王国。'

宝王回答说：'除了诸位，谁还能在我的领土中享有快乐呢？如果我得到王位，必定与诸位分享王国。'"

【地主王去世与分国：】

"过了一段时间，地主王去世了。在地主王去世后，择主者们立宝王太子为王。登基后，宝王沉迷于五欲享乐。这时，大典尊婆罗门去见那六位刹帝利说：'地主王已去世，宝王登基后沉迷于五欲享乐。谁知道欲乐的迷醉性呢？来吧，诸位，去见宝王，对他说："地主王已去世，殿下已登基为王，还记得自己的诺言吗？"'

他们去见宝王，说：'陛下记得那个诺言吗？'

宝王说：'我记得那个诺言。谁能把这广大的土地从北方延伸到南方如车形，平均地分成七份呢？'

'陛下，除了大典尊婆罗门，还有谁能做到呢？'

于是宝王派人去请大典尊：'陛下召见你。'

大典尊来见宝王。宝王说：'来吧，尊者，请把这广大的土地从北方延伸到南方如车形，平均地分成七份。'

'好的。'大典尊答应了，把土地分成七份，所有部分都成车形。中间的部分属于宝王。"

【七国的建立：】

"他建立了以下诸国：

- 羯陵伽国的檀多补罗

- 阿说迦国的波达那

- 阿槃提国的摩醯沙摩底

- 粟散国的罗卢迦

- 毗提诃国的弥梯罗

- 鸯伽国的瞻波

- 迦尸国的波罗奈

这些都是大典尊所建立的。那六位刹帝利对各自获得的领土都很满意，心愿已满：'我们想要的、期望的、希求的、渴望的，都已经得到了。'

七位统治者是：

- 萨多浮

- 梵授

- 毗沙浮

- 婆罗多

- 宝王

- 两位持国

这就是七位统治者。"

【请求大典尊指导：】

"然后那六位刹帝利去见大典尊婆罗门说：'正如大典尊是宝王的亲爱、喜欢、不讨厌的朋友，同样地，大典尊也是我们的亲爱、喜欢、不讨厌的朋友。请为我们指导，不要拒绝指导。'大典尊答应了。

于是大典尊指导七位受灌顶的刹帝利王治国，教导七位大婆罗门和七百学生咒语。"

【梵天相会的名声：】

"过了一段时间，大典尊婆罗门获得这样美好的名声：'大典尊婆罗门能见梵天，能与梵天对话、交谈、商议。'大典尊想：'我获得这样的名声，说我能见梵天，能与梵天对话、交谈、商议。但实际上我既不能见梵天，也不能与梵天对话、交谈、商议。我听老年婆罗门师长们说："谁在雨季四个月闭关修习慈悲禅，他就能见梵天，与梵天对话、交谈、商议。"我何不在雨季四个月闭关修习慈悲禅呢？'"

【向宝王请假：】

"于是大典尊去见宝王说：'陛下，我获得这样的名声，说我能见梵天，能与梵天对话、交谈、商议。但实际上我既不能见梵天，也不能与梵天对话、交谈、商议。我听老年婆罗门师长们说："谁在雨季四个月闭关修习慈悲禅，他就能见梵天，与梵天对话、交谈、商议。"我想在雨季四个月闭关修习慈悲禅。除了送饭的人外，谁都不要来见我。'

宝王说：'随大典尊认为适当的时候去做吧。'"

【向六位刹帝利请假：】

"然后，大典尊去见那六位刹帝利，说了相同的话：'我获得这样的名声...我想在雨季四个月闭关修习慈悲禅。除了送饭的人外，谁都不要来见我。'

他们说：'随大典尊认为适当的时候去做吧。'"

【向弟子与妻子们请假：】

"大典尊又去见七位大婆罗门和七百学生，对他们说：'诸位，在我闭关期间，请依所听闻所学习的咒语广泛地自修，也要互相教导咒语。我想在雨季四个月闭关修习慈悲禅。除了送饭的人外，谁都不要来见我。'

他们说：'随大典尊认为适当的时候去做吧。'

然后，大典尊去见他的四十位地位相等的妻子，对她们说：'夫人们，我想在雨季四个月闭关修习慈悲禅。除了送饭的人外，谁都不要来见我。'

她们说：'随大典尊认为适当的时候去做吧。'"

【闭关修行：】

"于是大典尊在城东建造了一座新的集会堂，在雨季四个月闭关修习慈悲禅。除了送饭的人外，没有人来见他。四个月过后，大典尊感到失望和焦虑：'我听老年婆罗门师长们说，谁在雨季四个月闭关修习慈悲禅，他就能见梵天，与梵天对话、交谈、商议。但我既不能见梵天，也不能与梵天对话、交谈、商议。'"

【梵天的出现：】

"这时，青年梵天知道大典尊的心念，就像强壮的人伸直弯曲的手臂或弯曲伸直的手臂那样快速，从梵天界消失，出现在大典尊面前。大典尊见到从未见过的形象，感到恐惧、战栗、毛骨悚然。恐惧战栗的大典尊用偈颂对青年梵天说：

'容光焕发有威德，尊者您是何方神圣？

因不识您故相问，如何得知您是谁？'

梵天回答：

'梵界众皆知我为，永恒常住青年梵，

诸天悉知我名声，典尊应当如是知。'

大典尊说：

'为梵天备座位水，足浴及蜜味食物，

恭请接受我供养，愿尊者受此供品。'

梵天回答：

'我接受你的供养，汝典尊所献之物，

为现世与未来世，安乐故我今受之。

现已准许你提问，随汝所愿尽可问。'"

【大典尊的思考：】

"这时大典尊想：'青年梵天已允许我提问。我该问他现世利益还是来世利益呢？'他又想：'我精通现世利益，其他人也向我请教现世利益。不如我问青年梵天关于来世的利益吧。'于是他用偈颂对青年梵天说：

'我今请问青年梵，疑惑难解求开示，

住于何处修何法，方得往生梵天界？'

梵天回答：

'舍弃人间我执著，专一修习大慈心，

无染离欲不淫欲，如是修持得梵界。'"

【讨论修行要义：】

"'舍弃我执'这点我理解。有人舍弃少许或大量的财富，舍弃小或大的亲属圈，剃除须发，披上袈裟，从家庭生活出家为无家者。这就是我理解的'舍弃我执'。

'专一'这点我也理解。有人寻找僻静处所，如森林、树下、山中、山谷、山洞、墓地、森林深处、露地、草堆。这就是我理解的'专一'。

'修习慈心'这点我也理解。有人以慈心遍满一方而住，如是第二方、第三方、第四方，上下四维一切处，对一切众生以广大、无量、无怨、无害的慈心遍满而住。这就是我理解的'修习慈心'。

但对于您说的'染污'，我不理解：

大典尊问：

'什么是人间染污？请智者为我解说，

何物遮蔽众生道，令不得生梵天界？'

梵天答：

'忿怒与妄语欺诈，悭贪与我慢嫉妒，

贪欲害他及执着，瞋恚愚痴与憍慢。

若人沾染此秽恶，不得往生梵天界。'

听了梵天对染污的解释，大典尊说：'我现在明白了您说的染污。这些在居家生活中确实难以克服。我要舍俗出家。'

梵天说：'随大典尊认为适当的时候去做吧。'"

【告别宝王：】

"于是大典尊去见宝王说：'请陛下另寻祭司辅佐治国。我要出家。我听了梵天说染污的开示，知道这些在居家生活中难以克服，所以我要出家。'

大典尊说：

'我今告白宝王知，不愿再做国祭司，

请王自理国政事，我不喜欢祭司职。'"

【宝王的挽留：】

"宝王说：

'若你缺少世间欲，我必为你充分补，

若有人来侵犯你，我以军队护卫你。

你如父亲我如子，典尊请勿舍弃我。'

大典尊回答：

'我不缺少世间欲，也无人来相侵犯，

因闻非人圣言故，不愿居家再安住。'

宝王问：

'非人容貌何等类？对你说了什么事？

听闻此言即舍我，及舍一切眷属众？'

大典尊答：

'我本欲行祭祀时，点燃祭火敷草座，

时有梵天来显现，从于清净梵界来。

为我解答所问义，闻已不愿住家中。'

宝王说：

'典尊所言我深信，闻得非人圣者教，

如何还能做他想？我们愿随典尊行。

如同无瑕琉璃珠，清净明亮且光洁，

我们追随典尊教，清净修行亦如是。'"

【宝王的决定：】

"'如果大典尊要出家，我们也要出家。你去哪里，我们就去哪里。'"

【告别六位刹帝利：】

"然后，大典尊去见那六位刹帝利说：'请诸位另寻祭司辅佐治国。我要出家。我听了梵天说染污的开示，知道这些在居家生活中难以克服，所以我要出家。'

那六位刹帝利退到一旁商议：'这些婆罗门都贪爱财物，我们何不用财物来说服大典尊呢？'于是他们回来对大典尊说：'在这七国中有很多财富，尊者需要多少就拿多少。'"

【拒绝财物与女人：】

"大典尊回答说：'够了，诸位。我自己也有很多财富，这些都是托诸位的福。我要舍弃这一切出家。我听了梵天说染污的开示，知道这些在居家生活中难以克服，所以我要出家。'

然后六位刹帝利又退到一旁商议：'这些婆罗门都贪爱女色，我们何不用女人来说服大典尊呢？'于是他们回来对大典尊说：'在这七国中有很多美女，尊者需要多少就带走多少。'

大典尊回答说：'够了，诸位。我已经有四十位身份相等的妻子，我要舍弃她们所有人出家。我听了梵天说染污的开示，知道这些在居家生活中难以克服，所以我要出家。'

他们说：'如果大典尊要出家，我们也要出家。你去哪里，我们就去哪里。'

大典尊说：

'若能舍弃世间欲，凡夫执着难舍处，

精进努力坚忍持，具足坚强忍辱力。

此道正直无上胜，善人护持之正法，

必定往生梵天界，是为清净解脱道。'"

【时间的商议：】

"他们说：'那么请大典尊等待七年，七年后我们也要出家，追随大典尊而去。'

大典尊说：'七年太长了，我不能等那么久。谁知道生命长短呢？我们终将面对死亡，应当以智慧理解，应当修习善法，应当行梵行，因为生者必有死。如我所闻梵天所说的染污，这些在居家生活中难以克服，所以我要出家。'"

【减少等待时间：】

"'那么请等六年...五年...四年...三年...两年...一年。一年后我们也要出家，追随大典尊而去。'

'一年也太长了，我不能等那么久。谁知道生命长短呢？我们终将面对死亡，应当以智慧理解，应当修习善法，应当行梵行，因为生者必有死。如我所闻梵天所说的染污，这些在居家生活中难以克服，所以我要出家。'

'那么请等七个月...''七个月也太长了...'

'请等六个月...五个月...四个月...三个月...两个月...一个月...半个月。'

'半个月也太长了，我不能等那么久。谁知道生命长短呢？我们终将面对死亡，应当以智慧理解，应当修习善法，应当行梵行，因为生者必有死。如我所闻梵天所说的染污，这些在居家生活中难以克服，所以我要出家。'

'那么请等七天，让我们安排好王位继承人，七天后我们也要出家，追随大典尊而去。'

'七天不算长，我可以等待。'"

【告别婆罗门和学生：】

然后，大典尊婆罗门来到七位富有的婆罗门和七百位已受沐浴礼的人那里，对他们说道："诸位现在应当寻找另外的老师来教导你们咒语。我想要舍弃俗家生活而出家。正如我听闻梵天所说关于不净之事，在家生活难以去除这些不净，因此我要出家。"

他们回答说："请典尊大人不要出家。出家生活地位低下，所得甚少；而婆罗门生活却有崇高的地位和丰厚的收获。"

大典尊回应道："诸位请不要这样说'出家生活地位低下，所得甚少，而婆罗门生活却有崇高的地位和丰厚的收获'。除了我之外，还有谁能有更高的地位或更多的收获呢？我现在对诸王而言是王中之王，对婆罗门而言是最高的婆罗门，对居士而言是如同神明。我要舍弃这一切而出家。正如我听闻梵天所说关于不净之事，在家生活难以去除这些不净，所以我要出家。"

他们说："如果典尊大人要出家，我们也要出家。您去向何方，我们就随您去向何方。"

【告别诸妻：】

然后，大典尊婆罗门来到他的四十位身份相当的妻子那里，对她们说："你们中谁想要的话，可以回到自己的亲族家中，或者寻找其他的丈夫。我想要出家。正如我听闻梵天所说关于不净之事，在家生活难以去除这些不净，所以我要出家。"

她们回答说："对于渴望亲族的人来说，您就是我们的亲族；对于渴望丈夫的人来说，您就是我们的丈夫。如果典尊大人要出家，我们也要出家。您去向何方，我们就随您去向何方。"

【大典尊出家：】

七天之后，大典尊婆罗门剃除须发，披上袈裟，从在家生活出家。当大典尊婆罗门出家后，七位受灌顶的刹帝利王、七位富有的婆罗门、七百位已受沐浴礼的人、四十位身份相当的妻子，以及数千位刹帝利、数千位婆罗门、数千位居士，和众多后宫的女子们都剃除须发，披上袈裟，追随大典尊婆罗门出家。

被这样的随从环绕着，大典尊婆罗门在村镇王城间游行。那时，无论大典尊婆罗门来到哪个村庄或城镇，他对诸王而言都是王中之王，对婆罗门而言是最高的婆罗门，对居士而言是如同神明。那时，如果人们跌倒或绊倒，他们会说："礼敬大典尊婆罗门！礼敬七位祭司的导师！"

【修行与果报：】

大典尊婆罗门以慈心遍满一方而住，如是第二方、第三方、第四方。如是上下四方，普遍地以广大、无量、无怨、无害的慈心遍满一切世间而住。同样地，他以悲心...喜心...舍心遍满而住，并为弟子们教导往生梵天界的道路。

那时，完全理解大典尊婆罗门教导的弟子们，身坏命终后往生善趣梵天界。那些没有完全理解教导的人，有的往生他化自在天，有的往生化乐天，有的往生兜率天，有的往生夜摩天，有的往生三十三天，有的往生四大王天。那些成就最低果位的人则充实了乾闼婆的队伍。如是，这些善男子的出家都不虚度，都有收获，都有成果，都有增长。

【佛陀的总结：】

五髻问："世尊还记得这件事吗？"

佛陀答："我记得，五髻。那时我就是大典尊婆罗门。我为那些弟子教导往生梵天界的道路。但是，五髻啊，那个梵行不能导向厌离、离欲、灭尽、寂静、证知、正觉、涅槃，只能导向往生梵天界。

而现在这个梵行才能真正导向厌离、离欲、灭尽、寂静、证知、正觉、涅槃。什么是这样的梵行呢？就是八正道：正见、正思维、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。这才是导向厌离、离欲、灭尽、寂静、证知、正觉、涅槃的梵行。"

当世尊说完这些话，五髻乾闼婆子欢喜随喜，礼敬世尊，右绕而去，就在那里消失了。

大典尊经第六终。

巴利语原版经文

DN.19/(6) Mahāgovindasuttaṃ

　　 293. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Atha kho pañcasikho gandhabbaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ pabbataṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho pañcasikho gandhabbaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “yaṃ kho me, bhante, devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sammukhā sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ, ārocemi taṃ bhagavato”ti. “Ārocehi me tvaṃ, pañcasikhā”ti bhagavā avoca.

Devasabhā

　　 294. “Purimāni, bhante, divasāni purimatarāni tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṃsā sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā; mahatī ca dibbaparisā samantato nisinnā honti, cattāro ca mahārājāno catuddisā nisinnā honti; puratthimāya disāya dhataraṭṭho mahārājā pacchimābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā; dakkhiṇāya disāya virūḷhako mahārājā uttarābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā; pacchimāya disāya virūpakkho mahārājā puratthābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā; uttarāya disāya vessavaṇo mahārājā dakkhiṇābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā. Yadā bhante, kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṃsā sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā, mahatī ca dibbaparisā samantato nisinnā honti, cattāro ca mahārājāno catuddisā nisinnā honti, idaṃ nesaṃ hoti āsanasmiṃ; atha pacchā amhākaṃ āsanaṃ hoti.

　　 “Ye te, bhante, devā bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ caritvā adhunūpapannā tāvatiṃsakāyaṃ, te aññe deve atirocanti vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Tena sudaṃ, bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā; ‘dibbā vata, bho, kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti.

　　 295. “Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sampasādaṃ viditvā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi–

　　 ‘Modanti vata bho devā, tāvatiṃsā sahindakā;

　　 Tathāgataṃ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammataṃ.

　　 Nave deve ca passantā, vaṇṇavante yasassine;

　　 Sugatasmiṃ brahmacariyaṃ, caritvāna idhāgate.

　　 Te aññe atirocanti, vaṇṇena yasasāyunā;

　　 Sāvakā bhūripaññassa, visesūpagatā idha.

　　 Idaṃ disvāna nandanti, tāvatiṃsā sahindakā;

　　 Tathāgataṃ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammatan’ti.

　　 “Tena sudaṃ bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā bhiyyoso mattāya attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā; ‘dibbā vata, bho, kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’”ti.

Aṭṭha yathābhuccavaṇṇā

　　 296. “Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sampasādaṃ viditvā deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi– ‘iccheyyātha no tumhe, mārisā, tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sotun’ti? ‘Icchāma mayaṃ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sotun’ti. Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi– ‘taṃ kiṃ maññanti, bhonto devā tāvatiṃsā? Yāvañca so bhagavā bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evaṃ bahujanahitāya paṭipannaṃ bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Svākkhāto kho pana tena bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi. Evaṃ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Idaṃ kusalanti kho pana tena bhagavatā supaññattaṃ, idaṃ akusalanti supaññattaṃ. Idaṃ sāvajjaṃ idaṃ anavajjaṃ, idaṃ sevitabbaṃ idaṃ na sevitabbaṃ, idaṃ hīnaṃ idaṃ paṇītaṃ, idaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāganti supaññattaṃ. Evaṃ kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjasevitabbāsevitabbahīna-paṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgānaṃ dhammānaṃ paññapetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā, saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṃ yamunodakena saṃsandati sameti, evameva supaññattā tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā, saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Evaṃ nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya paññapetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Abhinipphanno kho pana tassa bhagavato lābho abhinipphanno siloko, yāva maññe khattiyā sampiyāyamānarūpā viharanti, vigatamado kho pana so bhagavā āhāraṃ āhāreti. Evaṃ vigatamadaṃ āhāraṃ āharayamānaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Laddhasahāyo kho pana so bhagavā sekhānañceva paṭipannānaṃ khīṇāsavānañca vusitavataṃ. Te bhagavā apanujja ekārāmataṃ anuyutto viharati. Evaṃ ekārāmataṃ anuyuttaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Yathāvādī kho pana so bhagavā tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī, iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Evaṃ dhammānudhammappaṭipannaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Tiṇṇavicikiccho kho pana so bhagavā vigatakathaṃkatho pariyositasaṅkappo ajjhāsayaṃ ādibrahmacariyaṃ. Evaṃ tiṇṇavicikicchaṃ vigatakathaṃkathaṃ pariyositasaṅkappaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ ādibrahmacariyaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā’ti.

　　 297. “Ime kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi. Tena sudaṃ, bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā bhiyyoso mattāya attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sutvā. Tatra, bhante, ekacce devā evamāhaṃsu– ‘aho vata, mārisā, cattāro sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṃ dhammañca deseyyuṃ yathariva bhagavā. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti. Ekacce devā evamāhaṃsu– ‘tiṭṭhantu, mārisā, cattāro sammāsambuddhā, aho vata, mārisā, tayo sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṃ dhammañca deseyyuṃ yathariva bhagavā. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti. Ekacce devā evamāhaṃsu– ‘tiṭṭhantu, mārisā, tayo sammāsambuddhā, aho vata, mārisā, dve sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṃ dhammañca deseyyuṃ yathariva bhagavā. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti.

　　 298. “Evaṃ vutte bhante, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṃse etadavoca– ‘aṭṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, mārisā, anavakāso, yaṃ ekissā lokadhātuyā dve arahanto sammāsambuddhā apubbaṃ acarimaṃ uppajjeyyuṃ, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Aho vata, mārisā, so bhagavā appābādho appātaṅko ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭheyya. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan’ti. Atha kho, bhante, yenatthena devā tāvatiṃsā sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā, taṃ atthaṃ cintayitvā taṃ atthaṃ mantayitvā vuttavacanāpi taṃ cattāro mahārājāno tasmiṃ atthe honti. Paccānusiṭṭhavacanāpi taṃ cattāro mahārājāno tasmiṃ atthe honti, sakesu sakesu āsanesu ṭhitā avipakkantā.

　　 Te vuttavākyā rājāno, paṭiggayhānusāsaniṃ;

　　 Vippasannamanā santā, aṭṭhaṃsu samhi āsaneti.

　　 299. “Atha kho, bhante, uttarāya disāya uḷāro āloko sañjāyi, obhāso pāturahosi atikkammeva devānaṃ devānubhāvaṃ. Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi– ‘yathā kho, mārisā, nimittāni dissanti, uḷāro āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati brahmā pātubhavissati; brahmuno hetaṃ pubbanimittaṃ pātubhāvāya, yadidaṃ āloko sañjāyati obhāso pātubhavatīti.

　　 ‘Yathā nimittā dissanti, brahmā pātubhavissati;

　　 Brahmuno hetaṃ nimittaṃ, obhāso vipulo mahā’ti.

Sanaṅkumārakathā

　　 300. “Atha kho, bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā yathāsakesu āsanesu nisīdiṃsu– ‘obhāsametaṃ ñassāma, yaṃvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṃ gamissāmā’ti. Cattāropi mahārājāno yathāsakesu āsanesu nisīdiṃsu– ‘obhāsametaṃ ñassāma, yaṃvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṃ gamissāmā’ti. Idaṃ sutvā devā tāvatiṃsā ekaggā samāpajjiṃsu– ‘obhāsametaṃ ñassāma, yaṃvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṃ gamissāmā’ti.

　　 “Yadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pātubhavati, oḷārikaṃ attabhāvaṃ abhinimminitvā pātubhavati. Yo kho pana, bhante, brahmuno pakativaṇṇo, anabhisambhavanīyo so devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ cakkhupathasmiṃ. Yadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pātubhavati, so aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Seyyathāpi, bhante, sovaṇṇo viggaho mānusaṃ viggahaṃ atirocati, evameva kho, bhante, yadā brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pātubhavati, so aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Yadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pātubhavati, na tassaṃ parisāyaṃ koci devo abhivādeti vā paccuṭṭheti vā āsanena vā nimanteti. Sabbeva tuṇhībhūtā pañjalikā pallaṅkena nisīdanti– ‘yassadāni devassa pallaṅkaṃ icchissati brahmā sanaṅkumāro, tassa devassa pallaṅke nisīdissatī’ti. Yassa kho pana, bhante, devassa brahmā sanaṅkumāro pallaṅke nisīdati, uḷāraṃ so labhati devo vedapaṭilābhaṃ, uḷāraṃ so labhati devo somanassapaṭilābhaṃ Seyyathāpi, bhante, rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto adhunābhisitto rajjena, uḷāraṃ so labhati vedapaṭilābhaṃ, uḷāraṃ so labhati somanassapaṭilābhaṃ, evameva kho, bhante, yassa devassa brahmā sanaṅkumāro pallaṅke nisīdati, uḷāraṃ so labhati devo vedapaṭilābhaṃ, uḷāraṃ so labhati devo somanassapaṭilābhaṃ. Atha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sampasādaṃ viditvā antarahito imāhi gāthāhi anumodi–

　　 ‘Modanti vata bho devā, tāvatiṃsā sahindakā;

　　 Tathāgataṃ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammataṃ.

　　 ‘Nave deve ca passantā, vaṇṇavante yasassine;

　　 Sugatasmiṃ brahmacariyaṃ, caritvāna idhāgate.

　　 ‘Te aññe atirocanti, vaṇṇena yasasāyunā;

　　 Sāvakā bhūripaññassa, visesūpagatā idha.

　　 ‘Idaṃ disvāna nandanti, tāvatiṃsā sahindakā;

　　 Tathāgataṃ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammatan’ti.

　　 301. “Imamatthaṃ, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro abhāsittha. Imamatthaṃ, bhante brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhāsato aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro hoti vissaṭṭho ca viññeyyo ca mañju ca savanīyo ca bindu ca avisārī ca gambhīro ca ninnādī ca. Yathāparisaṃ kho pana, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro sarena viññāpeti, na cassa bahiddhā parisāya ghoso niccharati. Yassa kho pana, bhante, evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro hoti, so vuccati ‘brahmassaro’ti. Atha kho, bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ etadavocuṃ ‘sādhu, mahābrahme, etadeva mayaṃ saṅkhāya modāma; atthi ca sakkena devānamindena tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhuccā vaṇṇā bhāsitā; te ca mayaṃ saṅkhāya modāmā’ti.

Aṭṭha yathābhuccavaṇṇā

　　 302. “Atha bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca– ‘sādhu, devānaminda, mayampi tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe suṇeyyāmā’ti. ‘Evaṃ mahābrahme’ti kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi.

　　 “Taṃ kiṃ maññati, bhavaṃ mahābrahmā? Yāvañca so bhagavā bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evaṃ bahujanahitāya paṭipannaṃ bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Svākkhāto kho pana tena bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi. Evaṃ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Idaṃ kusalan’ti kho pana tena bhagavatā supaññattaṃ, ‘idaṃ akusalan’ti supaññattaṃ, ‘idaṃ sāvajjaṃ idaṃ anavajjaṃ, idaṃ sevitabbaṃ idaṃ na sevitabbaṃ, idaṃ hīnaṃ idaṃ paṇītaṃ, idaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgan’ti supaññattaṃ. Evaṃ kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjasevitabbāsevitabbahīnapaṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgānaṃ dhammānaṃ paññāpetāraṃ. Imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṃ yamunodakena saṃsandati sameti, evameva supaññattā tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Evaṃ nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya paññāpetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Abhinipphanno kho pana tassa bhagavato lābho abhinipphanno siloko, yāva maññe khattiyā sampiyāyamānarūpā viharanti. Vigatamado kho pana so bhagavā āhāraṃ āhāreti. Evaṃ vigatamadaṃ āhāraṃ āharayamānaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Laddhasahāyo kho pana so bhagavā sekhānañceva paṭipannānaṃ khīṇāsavānañca vusitavataṃ, te bhagavā apanujja ekārāmataṃ anuyutto viharati. Evaṃ ekārāmataṃ anuyuttaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Yathāvādī kho pana so bhagavā tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī; iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Evaṃ dhammānudhammappaṭippannaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.

　　 “Tiṇṇavicikiccho kho pana so bhagavā vigatakathaṃkatho pariyositasaṅkappo ajjhāsayaṃ ādibrahmacariyaṃ Evaṃ tiṇṇavicikicchaṃ vigatakathaṃkathaṃ pariyositasaṅkappaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ ādibrahmacariyaṃ. Imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā’ti.

　　 303. “Ime kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi. Tena sudaṃ, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro attamano hoti pamudito pītisomanassajāto bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sutvā. Atha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro oḷārikaṃ attabhāvaṃ abhinimminitvā kumāravaṇṇī hutvā pañcasikho devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pāturahosi So vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīdi. Seyyathāpi, bhante, balavā puriso supaccatthate vā pallaṅke same vā bhūmibhāge pallaṅkena nisīdeyya, evameva kho, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīditvā deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi–

Govindabrāhmaṇavatthu

　　 304. “Taṃ kiṃ maññanti, bhonto devā tāvatiṃsā, yāva dīgharattaṃ mahāpaññova so bhagavā ahosi. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bho, rājā disampati nāma ahosi. Disampatissa rañño govindo nāma brāhmaṇo purohito ahosi. Disampatissa rañño reṇu nāma kumāro putto ahosi. Govindassa brāhmaṇassa jotipālo nāma māṇavo putto ahosi. Iti reṇu ca rājaputto jotipālo ca māṇavo aññe ca cha khattiyā iccete aṭṭha sahāyā ahesuṃ. Atha kho, bho, ahorattānaṃ accayena govindo brāhmaṇo kālamakāsi. Govinde brāhmaṇe kālaṅkate rājā disampati paridevesi– “yasmiṃ vata, bho, mayaṃ samaye govinde brāhmaṇe sabbakiccāni sammā vossajjitvā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārema, tasmiṃ no samaye govindo brāhmaṇo kālaṅkato”ti. Evaṃ vutte bho reṇu rājaputto rājānaṃ disampatiṃ etadavoca– “mā kho tvaṃ, deva, govinde brāhmaṇe kālaṅkate atibāḷhaṃ paridevesi. Atthi, deva, govindassa brāhmaṇassa jotipālo nāma māṇavo putto paṇḍitataro ceva pitarā, alamatthadasataro ceva pitarā; yepissa pitā atthe anusāsi, tepi jotipālasseva māṇavassa anusāsaniyā”ti. “Evaṃ kumārā”ti? “Evaṃ devā”ti.

Mahāgovindavatthu

　　 305. “Atha kho, bho, rājā disampati aññataraṃ purisaṃ āmantesi– “ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, yena jotipālo nāma māṇavo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ evaṃ vadehi– ‘bhavamatthu bhavantaṃ jotipālaṃ, rājā disampati bhavantaṃ jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantayati, rājā disampati bhoto jotipālassa māṇavassa dassanakāmo’”ti. “Evaṃ, devā”ti kho, bho, so puriso disampatissa rañño paṭissutvā yena jotipālo māṇavo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca– “bhavamatthu bhavantaṃ jotipālaṃ, rājā disampati bhavantaṃ jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantayati rājā disampati bhoto jotipālassa māṇavassa dassanakāmo”ti. “Evaṃ, bho”ti kho bho jotipālo māṇavo tassa purisassa paṭissutvā yena rājā disampati tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā disampatinā raññā saddhiṃ sammodi; sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho, bho, jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ rājā disampati etadavoca– “anusāsatu no bhavaṃ jotipālo, mā no bhavaṃ jotipālo anusāsaniyā paccabyāhāsi. Pettike taṃ ṭhāne ṭhapessāmi, govindiye abhisiñcissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bho”ti kho, bho, so jotipālo māṇavo disampatissa rañño paccassosi. Atha kho, bho, rājā disampati jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ govindiye abhisiñci, taṃ pettike ṭhāne ṭhapesi. Abhisitto jotipālo māṇavo govindiye pettike ṭhāne ṭhapito yepissa pitā atthe anusāsi tepi atthe anusāsati, yepissa pitā atthe nānusāsi, tepi atthe anusāsati; yepissa pitā kammante abhisambhosi, tepi kammante abhisambhoti, yepissa pitā kammante nābhisambhosi, tepi kammante abhisambhoti. Tamenaṃ manussā evamāhaṃsu– “govindo vata, bho, brāhmaṇo, mahāgovindo vata, bho, brāhmaṇo”ti. Iminā kho evaṃ, bho, pariyāyena jotipālassa māṇavassa govindo mahāgovindotveva samaññā udapādi.

Rajjasaṃvibhajanaṃ

　　 306. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca– “disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayo-anuppatto, ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitaṃ? Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro reṇuṃ rājaputtaṃ rajje abhisiñceyyuṃ. Āyantu, bhonto, yena reṇu rājaputto tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājaputtaṃ evaṃ vadetha– “mayaṃ kho bhoto reṇussa sahāyā piyā manāpā appaṭikūlā, yaṃsukho bhavaṃ taṃsukhā mayaṃ, yaṃdukkho bhavaṃ taṃdukkhā mayaṃ. Disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayo-anuppatto, ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitaṃ? Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro bhavantaṃ reṇuṃ rajje abhisiñceyyuṃ. Sace bhavaṃ reṇu rajjaṃ labhetha, saṃvibhajetha no rajjenā”ti. “Evaṃ bho”ti kho, bho, te cha khattiyā mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājaputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ– “mayaṃ kho bhoto reṇussa sahāyā piyā manāpā appaṭikūlā yaṃsukho bhavaṃ taṃsukhā mayaṃ, yaṃdukkho bhavaṃ taṃdukkhā mayaṃ. Disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayo-anuppatto, ko nu kho pana bho jānāti jīvitaṃ? Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro bhavantaṃ reṇuṃ rajje abhisiñceyyuṃ. Sace bhavaṃ reṇu rajjaṃ labhetha, saṃvibhajetha no rajjenā”ti. “Ko nu kho, bho, añño mama vijite sukho bhavetha, aññatra bhavantebhi? Sacāhaṃ, bho, rajjaṃ labhissāmi, saṃvibhajissāmi vo rajjenā’”ti.

　　 307. “Atha kho, bho, ahorattānaṃ accayena rājā disampati kālamakāsi. Disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro reṇuṃ rājaputtaṃ rajje abhisiñciṃsu. Abhisitto reṇu rajjena pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca “disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato. Abhisitto reṇu rajjena pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti, madanīyā kāmā? Āyantu, bhonto, yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājānaṃ evaṃ vadetha– disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato, abhisitto bhavaṃ reṇu rajjena, sarati bhavaṃ taṃ vacanan’”ti?

　　 308. “‘Evaṃ bho”ti kho, bho, te cha khattiyā mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājānaṃ etadavocuṃ– “disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato, abhisitto bhavaṃ reṇu rajjena, sarati bhavaṃ taṃ vacanan”ti? “Sarāmahaṃ, bho, taṃ vacanaṃ. Ko nu kho, bho, pahoti imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ uttarena āyataṃ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṃ sattadhā samaṃ suvibhattaṃ vibhajitun”ti? “Ko nu kho, bho, añño pahoti, aññatra mahāgovindena brāhmaṇenā”ti? Atha kho, bho, reṇu rājā aññataraṃ purisaṃ āmantesi– “ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘rājā taṃ, bhante, reṇu āmantetī’”ti. “Evaṃ devā”ti kho, bho, so puriso reṇussa rañño paṭissutvā yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca– “rājā taṃ, bhante, reṇu āmantetī”ti. “Evaṃ, bho”ti kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tassa purisassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇunā raññā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho, bho, mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ reṇu rājā etadavoca– “etu, bhavaṃ govindo, imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ uttarena āyataṃ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṃ sattadhā samaṃ suvibhattaṃ vibhajatū”ti. “Evaṃ, bho”ti kho mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo reṇussa rañño paṭissutvā imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ uttarena āyataṃ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṃ sattadhā samaṃ suvibhattaṃ vibhaji. Sabbāni sakaṭamukhāni paṭṭhapesi. Tatra sudaṃ majjhe reṇussa rañño janapado hoti.

　　 309. Dantapuraṃ kaliṅgānaṃ, assakānañca potanaṃ.

　　 Mahesayaṃ avantīnaṃ, sovīrānañca rorukaṃ.

　　 Mithilā ca videhānaṃ, campā aṅgesu māpitā;

　　 Bārāṇasī ca kāsīnaṃ, ete govindamāpitāti.

　　 310. “Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā yathāsakena lābhena attamanā ahesuṃ paripuṇṇasaṅkappā– “yaṃ vata no ahosi icchitaṃ, yaṃ ākaṅkhitaṃ, yaṃ adhippetaṃ, yaṃ abhipatthitaṃ, taṃ no laddhan”ti.

　　 “Sattabhū brahmadatto ca, vessabhū bharato saha;

　　 Reṇu dve dhataraṭṭhā ca, tadāsuṃ satta bhāradhā’ti.

　　 Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.

Kittisadda-abbhuggamanaṃ

　　 311. “Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ– “yathā kho bhavaṃ govindo reṇussa rañño sahāyo piyo manāpo appaṭikūlo. Evameva kho bhavaṃ govindo amhākampi sahāyo piyo manāpo appaṭikūlo, anusāsatu no bhavaṃ govindo; mā no bhavaṃ govindo anusāsaniyā paccabyāhāsī”ti. “Evaṃ, bho”ti kho mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tesaṃ channaṃ khattiyānaṃ paccassosi. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo satta ca rājāno khattiye muddhāvasitte rajje anusāsi, satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni mante vācesi.

　　 312. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa aparena samayena evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchi – “sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī”ti. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi– “mayhaṃ kho evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato– ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ– ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyeyyaṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyeyyan”ti.

　　 313. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca– “mayhaṃ kho, bho, evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato– ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ, bho, brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ– ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Icchāmahaṃ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyituṃ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti. “Yassadāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī”ti.

　　 314. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca– “mayhaṃ kho, bho, evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato– ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ, bho, brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ, ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Icchāmahaṃ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyituṃ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti. “Yassadāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī’”ti.

　　 315. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni etadavoca– “mayhaṃ kho, bho, evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ, bho, brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ– ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti, brahmunā sallapati, brahmunā mantetī’ti. Tena hi, bho, yathāsute yathāpariyatte mante vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karotha, aññamaññañca mante vācetha; icchāmahaṃ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyituṃ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti. “Yassa dāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī”ti.

　　 316. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo etadavoca– “mayhaṃ kho, bhotī, evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato– ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ, bhotī, brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti, brahmunā sallapati, brahmunā mantetīti, icchāmahaṃ, bhotī, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyituṃ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā”ti. “Yassa dāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī’”ti.

　　 317. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo puratthimena nagarassa navaṃ sandhāgāraṃ kārāpetvā vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyi, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyi; nāssudha koci upasaṅkamati aññatra ekena bhattābhihārena. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena ahudeva ukkaṇṭhanā ahu paritassanā– “sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ– ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi na brahmunā sallapāmi na brahmunā mantemī’”ti.

Brahmunā sākacchā

　　 318. “Atha kho, bho, brahmā sanaṅkumāro mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva, brahmaloke antarahito mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa sammukhe pāturahosi. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa ahudeva bhayaṃ ahu chambhitattaṃ ahu lomahaṃso yathā taṃ adiṭṭhapubbaṃ rūpaṃ disvā. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo bhīto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

　　 “‘Vaṇṇavā yasavā sirimā, ko nu tvamasi mārisa;

　　 Ajānantā taṃ pucchāma, kathaṃ jānemu taṃ mayan”ti.

　　 “Maṃ ve kumāraṃ jānanti, brahmaloke sanantanaṃ;

　　 Sabbe jānanti maṃ devā, evaṃ govinda jānahi”.

　　 “‘Āsanaṃ udakaṃ pajjaṃ, madhusākañca brahmuno;

　　 Agghe bhavantaṃ pucchāma, agghaṃ kurutu no bhavaṃ”.

　　 “Paṭiggaṇhāma te agghaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ govinda bhāsasi;

　　 Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāya sukhāya ca.

　　 Katāvakāso pucchassu, yaṃ kiñci abhipatthitan”ti.

　　 319. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi– “katāvakāso khomhi brahmunā sanaṅkumārena. Kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ puccheyyaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ vā atthaṃ samparāyikaṃ vā’ti? Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi– ‘kusalo kho ahaṃ diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ atthānaṃ, aññepi maṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ atthaṃ pucchanti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ samparāyikaññeva atthaṃ puccheyyan’ti. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

　　 “Pucchāmi brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ,

　　 Kaṅkhī akaṅkhiṃ paravediyesu.

　　 Katthaṭṭhito kimhi ca sikkhamāno,

　　 Pappoti macco amataṃ brahmalokan”ti.

　　 “Hitvā mamattaṃ manujesu brahme,

　　 Ekodibhūto karuṇedhimutto.

　　 Nirāmagandho virato methunasmā,

　　 Etthaṭṭhito ettha ca sikkhamāno.

　　 Pappoti macco amataṃ brahmalokan”ti.

　　 320. “Hitvā mamattan’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. Idhekacco appaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya appaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, ‘iti hitvā mamattan’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. ‘Ekodibhūto’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. Idhekacco vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ, iti ekodibhūto’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. ‘Karuṇedhimutto’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. Idhekacco karuṇāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadhotiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ karuṇāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Iti ‘karuṇedhimutto’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. Āmagandhe ca kho ahaṃ bhoto bhāsamānassa na ājānāmi.

　　 “Ke āmagandhā manujesu brahme, ete avidvā idha brūhi dhīra.

　　 Kenāvaṭā vāti pajā kurutu, āpāyikā nivutabrahmalokā”ti.

　　 “Kodho mosavajjaṃ nikati ca dubbho, kadariyatā atimāno usūyā.

　　 Icchā vivicchā paraheṭhanā ca, lobho ca doso ca mado ca moho.

　　 Etesu yuttā anirāmagandhā, āpāyikā nivutabrahmalokā”ti.

　　 “Yathā kho ahaṃ bhoto āmagandhe bhāsamānassa ājānāmi. Te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. “Yassadāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī”ti.

Reṇurāja-āmantanā

　　 321. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca– “aññaṃ dāni bhavaṃ purohitaṃ pariyesatu, yo bhoto rajjaṃ anusāsissati. Icchāmahaṃ, bho agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.

　　 “Āmantayāmi rājānaṃ, reṇuṃ bhūmipatiṃ ahaṃ;

　　 Tvaṃ pajānassu rajjena, nāhaṃ porohicce rame”.

　　 “Sace te ūnaṃ kāmehi, ahaṃ paripūrayāmi te;

　　 Yo taṃ hiṃsati vāremi, bhūmisenāpati ahaṃ.

　　 Tuvaṃ pitā ahaṃ putto, mā no govinda pājahi”.

　　 “Namatthi ūnaṃ kāmehi, hiṃsitā me na vijjati;

　　 Amanussavaco sutvā, tasmāhaṃ na gahe rame”.

　　 “Amanusso kathaṃvaṇṇo, kiṃ te atthaṃ abhāsatha;

　　 Yañca sutvā jahāsi no, gehe amhe ca kevalī”.

　　 “Upavutthassa me pubbe, yiṭṭhukāmassa me sato;

　　 Aggi pajjalito āsi, kusapattaparitthato”.

　　 “Tato me brahmā pāturahu, brahmalokā sanantano;

　　 So me pañhaṃ viyākāsi, taṃ sutvā na gahe rame”.

　　 “Saddahāmi ahaṃ bhoto, yaṃ tvaṃ govinda bhāsasi;

　　 Amanussavaco sutvā, kathaṃ vattetha aññathā.

　　 “Te taṃ anuvattissāma, satthā govinda no bhavaṃ;

　　 Maṇi yathā veḷuriyo, akāco vimalo subho.

　　 Evaṃ suddhā carissāma, govindassānusāsane”ti.

　　 “‘Sace bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma. Atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.

Cha khattiya-āmantanā

　　 322. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca– “aññaṃ dāni bhavanto purohitaṃ pariyesantu, yo bhavantānaṃ rajje anusāsissati. Icchāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā ekamantaṃ apakkamma evaṃ samacintesuṃ– “ime kho brāhmaṇā nāma dhanaluddhā; yaṃnūna mayaṃ mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ dhanena sikkheyyāmā”ti. Te mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṃsu– “saṃvijjati kho, bho, imesu sattasu rajjesu pahūtaṃ sāpateyyaṃ, tato bhoto yāvatakena attho, tāvatakaṃ āharīyatan”ti. “Alaṃ, bho, mamapidaṃ pahūtaṃ sāpateyyaṃ bhavantānaṃyeva vāhasā. Tamahaṃ sabbaṃ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmi. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā ekamantaṃ apakkamma evaṃ samacintesuṃ “ime kho brāhmaṇā nāma itthiluddhā; yaṃnūna mayaṃ mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ itthīhi sikkheyyāmā”ti. Te mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṃsu– “saṃvijjanti kho, bho, imesu sattasu rajjesu pahūtā itthiyo, tato bhoto yāvatikāhi attho, tāvatikā ānīyatan”ti. “Alaṃ, bho, mamapimā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo. Tāpāhaṃ sabbā pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmi. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyanti”.

　　 323. “Sace bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatīti.

　　 “Sace jahatha kāmāni, yattha satto puthujjano;

　　 Ārambhavho daḷhā hotha, khantibalasamāhitā.

　　 “Esa maggo ujumaggo, esa maggo anuttaro;

　　 Saddhammo sabbhi rakkhito, brahmalokūpapattiyāti.

　　 “Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo satta vassāni āgametu. Sattannaṃ vassānaṃ accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.

　　 “‘Aticiraṃ kho, bho, satta vassāni, nāhaṃ sakkomi, bhavante, satta vassāni āgametuṃ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṃ! Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṃ boddhabbaṃ, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ, caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan’”ti. “Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo chabbassāni āgametu …pe… pañca vassāni āgametu… cattāri vassāni āgametu… tīṇi vassāni āgametu… dve vassāni āgametu… ekaṃ vassaṃ āgametu, ekassa vassassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.

　　 “‘Aticiraṃ kho, bho, ekaṃ vassaṃ, nāhaṃ sakkomi bhavante ekaṃ vassaṃ āgametuṃ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṃ! Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṃ boddhabbaṃ, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. “Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo satta māsāni āgametu, sattannaṃ māsānaṃ accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.

　　 “‘Aticiraṃ kho, bho, satta māsāni, nāhaṃ sakkomi bhavante satta māsāni āgametuṃ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṃ. Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṃ boddhabbaṃ kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ, caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti.

　　 “‘Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo cha māsāni āgametu …pe… pañca māsāni āgametu… cattāri māsāni āgametu… tīṇi māsāni āgametu… dve māsāni āgametu… ekaṃ māsaṃ āgametu… addhamāsaṃ āgametu, addhamāsassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.

　　 “‘Aticiraṃ kho, bho, addhamāso, nāhaṃ sakkomi bhavante addhamāsaṃ āgametuṃ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṃ! Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṃ boddhabbaṃ, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ, caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. “Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo sattāhaṃ āgametu, yāva mayaṃ sake puttabhātaro rajjena anusāsissāma, sattāhassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti. “Na ciraṃ kho, bho, sattāhaṃ, āgamessāmahaṃ bhavante sattāhan”ti.

Brāhmaṇamahāsālādīnaṃ āmantanā

　　 324. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni etadavoca– “aññaṃ dāni bhavanto ācariyaṃ pariyesantu, yo bhavantānaṃ mante vācessati. Icchāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa. Te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. “Mā bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbaji. Pabbajjā, bho, appesakkhā ca appalābhā ca; brahmaññaṃ mahesakkhañca mahālābhañcā”ti. “Mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha– “pabbajjā appesakkhā ca appalābhā ca, brahmaññaṃ mahesakkhañca mahālābhañcā”ti. Ko nu kho, bho, aññatra mayā mahesakkhataro vā mahālābhataro vā! Ahañhi, bho, etarahi rājāva raññaṃ brahmāva brāhmaṇānaṃ devatāva gahapatikānaṃ. Tamahaṃ sabbaṃ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmi. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. “Sace bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.

Bhariyānaṃ āmantanā

　　 325. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo etadavoca– “yā bhotīnaṃ icchati, sakāni vā ñātikulāni gacchatu aññaṃ vā bhattāraṃ pariyesatu. Icchāmahaṃ, bhotī, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bhotī, agārasmā anagāriyan”ti. “Tvaññeva no ñāti ñātikāmānaṃ, tvaṃ pana bhattā bhattukāmānaṃ. Sace bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī”ti.

Mahāgovindapabbajjā

　　 326. “Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tassa sattāhassa accayena kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbaji. Pabbajitaṃ pana mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ satta ca rājāno khattiyā muddhāvasittā satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni cattārīsā ca bhariyā sādisiyo anekāni ca khattiyasahassāni anekāni ca brāhmaṇasahassāni anekāni ca gahapatisahassāni anekehi ca itthāgārehi itthiyo kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitaṃ anupabbajiṃsu. Tāya sudaṃ, bho, parisāya parivuto mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo gāmanigamarājadhānīsu cārikaṃ carati. Yaṃ kho pana, bho, tena samayena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upasaṅkamati, tattha rājāva hoti raññaṃ, brahmāva brāhmaṇānaṃ, devatāva gahapatikānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena manussā khipanti vā upakkhalanti vā te evamāhaṃsu– “namatthu mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa, namatthu satta purohitassā’”ti.

　　 327. “Mahāgovindo, bho, brāhmaṇo mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā vihāsi. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā …pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā …pe… abyāpajjena pharitvā vihāsi sāvakānañca brahmalokasahabyatāya maggaṃ desesi.

　　 328. “Ye kho pana, bho, tena samayena mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa sāvakā sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājāniṃsu. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ brahmalokaṃ upapajjiṃsu. Ye na sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājāniṃsu, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā appekacce paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce tusitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce yāmānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; ye sabbanihīnaṃ kāyaṃ paripūresuṃ te gandhabbakāyaṃ paripūresuṃ. Iti kho, bho, sabbesaṃyeva tesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ amoghā pabbajjā ahosi avañjhā saphalā sa-udrayā’”ti.

　　 329. “Sarati taṃ bhagavā”ti? “Sarāmahaṃ, pañcasikha. Ahaṃ tena samayena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo ahosiṃ. Ahaṃ tesaṃ sāvakānaṃ brahmalokasahabyatāya maggaṃ desesiṃ. Taṃ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati, yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā.

　　 Idaṃ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamañca taṃ, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammā-ājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Idaṃ kho taṃ, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati.

　　 330. “Ye kho pana me, pañcasikha, sāvakā sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājānanti, te āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharanti; ye na sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājānanti, te pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā honti tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā. Ye na sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājānanti, appekacce tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmino honti sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti. Ye na sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājānanti, appekacce tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā honti avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā. Iti kho, pañcasikha, sabbesaṃyeva imesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ amoghā pabbajjā avañjhā saphalā sa-udrayā”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano pañcasikho gandhabbaputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.

　　 Mahāgovindasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ.