相应部3相应1经 年少经
相应部3相应1经/年少经(憍萨罗相应/有偈篇/祇夜)
如是我闻。一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,憍萨罗国波斯匿王来到世尊处。到达后,与世尊互相问候。寒暄礼节结束后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的波斯匿王对世尊如是说:"乔达摩尊者也自称已证得无上正等正觉吗?"
"大王,若有人如实而言'已证得无上正等正觉',即是在说我。因为,大王,我确实已证得无上正等正觉。"
"乔达摩尊者,那些有名望的沙门婆罗门,都是僧团的领袖,众人的导师,为众人所知,享有盛名,是各教派的创始人,受到众人尊敬——如富兰那·迦叶、末伽梨·瞿舍利、尼干陀·若提子、散若耶·毗罗梨子、伯俱陀·迦旃延、阿耆多·翅舍钦婆罗——当我问他们是否自称已证得无上正等正觉时,他们都不敢如此自称。为何您年纪轻轻,出家时日又短,却作此声称?"
"大王,有四种年少者不可轻视,不可轻慢。是哪四种?大王,年少的刹帝利不可轻视,不可轻慢;年少的毒蛇不可轻视,不可轻慢;年少的火焰不可轻视,不可轻慢;年少的比丘不可轻视,不可轻慢。大王,这四种年少者不可轻视,不可轻慢。"
世尊说此已,善逝复更说此:
"生于高贵种姓,出身显赫的刹帝利,
不应因其年少而轻视,人不应轻慢他。
因为此人若得王位,统领人民,
若被激怒时,必以王权重惩冒犯者。
是故应当远离他,以护自身性命。
无论村落或旷野,若见到蛇类,
不应因其年少而轻视,人不应轻慢它。
以种种姿态行进的毒蛇,具大威力,
一旦触怒,会咬伤愚人,无论男女。
是故应当远离它,以护自身性命。
吞噬一切的火焰,具黑色足迹,
不应因其年少而轻视,人不应轻慢它。
若得可燃之物,火势变得强大,
一旦接触,会烧伤愚人,无论男女。
是故应当远离它,以护自身性命。
当火焰燃烧森林,具黑色足迹,
日夜过后,新芽重生其中。
然而比丘以戒德之力所焚者,
其子孙、牲畜、继承人皆不得财富,
无后嗣、无继承,如被斩断的棕榈树。
因此智者为己利,
应当恭敬对待毒蛇、火焰、
显赫的刹帝利及具戒的比丘。"
如是说已,憍萨罗国波斯匿王对世尊说:"殊胜啊,世尊!殊胜啊,世尊!譬如有人扶起倒物,揭开覆物,为迷路者指路,在黑暗中举明灯,使有眼者得见诸色。世尊以种种方便开示正法,亦复如是。世尊,我今归依佛、归依法、归依比丘僧。愿世尊记别我为优婆塞,从今日起乃至命终,归依不移。"
巴利语原版经文
3. Kosalasaṃyuttaṃ
1. Paṭhamavaggo
SN.3.1/(1). Daharasuttaṃ
112. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “bhavampi no gotamo anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti paṭijānātī”ti? “Yañhi taṃ, mahārāja, sammā vadamāno vadeyya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti, mameva taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya. Ahañhi, mahārāja, anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho”ti.
“Yepi te, bho gotama, samaṇabrāhmaṇā saṅghino gaṇino gaṇācariyā ñātā yasassino titthakarā sādhusammatā bahujanassa, seyyathidaṃ– pūraṇo kassapo, makkhali gosālo, nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto, sañcayo belaṭṭhaputto, pakudho kaccāyano, ajito kesakambalo; tepi mayā ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti paṭijānāthā’ti puṭṭhā samānā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddhoti na paṭijānanti. Kiṃ pana bhavaṃ gotamo daharo ceva jātiyā navo ca pabbajjāyā”ti?
“Cattāro kho me, mahārāja, daharāti na uññātabbā, daharāti na paribhotabbā. Katame cattāro? Khattiyo kho, mahārāja, daharoti na uññātabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo. Urago kho, mahārāja, daharoti na uññātabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo. Aggi kho, mahārāja, daharoti na uññātabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo. Bhikkhu, kho, mahārāja, daharoti na uññātabbo, daharoti na paribhotabbo. Ime kho, mahārāja, cattāro daharāti na uññātabbā, daharāti na paribhotabbā”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–
“Khattiyaṃ jātisampannaṃ, abhijātaṃ yasassinaṃ;
Daharoti nāvajāneyya, na naṃ paribhave naro.
“Ṭhānañhi so manujindo, rajjaṃ laddhāna khattiyo;
So kuddho rājadaṇḍena, tasmiṃ pakkamate bhusaṃ.
Tasmā taṃ parivajjeyya, rakkhaṃ jīvitamattano.
“Gāme vā yadi vā raññe, yattha passe bhujaṅgamaṃ;
Daharoti nāvajāneyya, na naṃ paribhave naro.
“Uccāvacehi vaṇṇehi, urago carati tejasī.
So āsajja ḍaṃse bālaṃ, naraṃ nāriñca ekadā.
Tasmā taṃ parivajjeyya, rakkhaṃ jīvitamattano.
“Pahūtabhakkhaṃ jālinaṃ, pāvakaṃ kaṇhavattaniṃ;
Daharoti nāvajāneyya, na naṃ paribhave naro.
“Laddhā hi so upādānaṃ, mahā hutvāna pāvako;
So āsajja ḍahe bālaṃ, naraṃ nāriñca ekadā.
Tasmā taṃ parivajjeyya, rakkhaṃ jīvitamattano.
“Vanaṃ yadaggi ḍahati, pāvako kaṇhavattanī;
Jāyanti tattha pārohā, ahorattānamaccaye.
“Yañca kho sīlasampanno, bhikkhu ḍahati tejasā.
Na tassa puttā pasavo, dāyādā vindare dhanaṃ.
Anapaccā adāyādā, tālāvatthū bhavanti te.
“Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano.
Bhujaṅgamaṃ pāvakañca, khattiyañca yasassinaṃ.
Bhikkhuñca sīlasampannaṃ, sammadeva samācare”ti.
Evaṃ vutte, rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya– ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ, bhante, bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.