相应部2相应30经 异学弟子经
相应部2相应30经/异学弟子经(天子相应/有偈篇/祇夜)
如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林精舍松鼠养护园。那时,众多异学弟子天子——阿沙摩、沙哈利、尼卡、阿考塔卡、韦加巴利和摩那瓦迦米亚——在深夜时分,以殊胜庄严之身光遍照整个竹林,走近世尊所在之处。走近后,向世尊致敬,然后站在一旁。
站在一旁的阿沙摩天子就富兰那·迦叶对世尊说此偈:
"于此割截杀害,迦叶见众生损,
不见有何罪过,亦不见己功德,
彼实宣说信任,导师应受尊敬。"
然后沙哈利天子就末伽梨·瞿舍罗对世尊说此偈:
"以苦行制身,远离诤论语,
避免众过失,说真实不妄,
如是修行者,必不造恶业。"
然后尼卡天子就尼干陀·若提子对世尊说此偈:
"谨慎厌离者,四律仪具足,
所见所闻说,必不造罪业。"
然后阿考塔卡天子就诸异学对世尊说此偈:
"波拘陀·迦旃延与尼干陀,
以及末伽梨·富兰那等人,
为众之导师,已得沙门果,
必不远离于真正善人道。"
然后韦加巴利天子以偈颂回应阿考塔卡天子:
"卑劣豺与虎,终不似狮子,
裸体妄语者,为众之导师,
行为多可疑,不似善人道。"
然后恶魔波旬附身于韦加巴利天子,对世尊说此偈:
"专修苦行法,守护独处行,
执著于色相,喜乐天界者,
为求后世福,善为人说法。"
然后世尊知道"这是恶魔波旬",以偈颂回应恶魔波旬:
"此界或他界,所有诸色相,
以及空中现,种种光明色,
皆为魔所赞,如饵诱鱼死。"
然后摩那瓦迦米亚天子就世尊对世尊说这些偈颂:
"毗富罗山峰,王舍城最胜,
雪山白峰胜,日轮天中胜。
海洋水中胜,月亮星中胜,
天人世界中,佛陀最殊胜。"
异学品第三终。
其摄颂:
尸婆、克玛、自在、伽谛、阇都、劳希德,
难陀、难提毗舍罗、须尸摩,以及异学等十经。
天子相应完。
这篇经文主要记载了各个外道弟子天子赞颂各自导师的偈颂,以及佛陀与魔波旬的对话。最后以一位天子赞叹佛陀是天人世界中最殊胜者作为结束。
巴利语原版经文
SN.2.30/(10). Nānātitthiyasāvakasuttaṃ
111. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho sambahulā nānātitthiyasāvakā devaputtā asamo ca sahali ca nīko ca ākoṭako ca vegabbhari ca māṇavagāmiyo ca abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ veḷuvanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho asamo devaputto pūraṇaṃ kassapaṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
“Idha chinditamārite, hatajānīsu kassapo;
Na pāpaṃ samanupassati, puññaṃ vā pana attano.
Sa ve vissāsamācikkhi, satthā arahati mānanan”ti.
Atha kho sahali devaputto makkhaliṃ gosālaṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Tapojigucchāya susaṃvutatto, vācaṃ pahāya kalahaṃ janena.
Samosavajjā virato saccavādī, na hi nūna tādisaṃ karoti pāpan”ti.
Atha kho nīko devaputto nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Jegucchī nipako bhikkhu, cātuyāmasusaṃvuto;
Diṭṭhaṃ sutañca ācikkhaṃ, na hi nūna kibbisī siyā”ti.
Atha kho ākoṭako devaputto nānātitthiye ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Pakudhako kātiyāno nigaṇṭho, ye cāpime makkhalipūraṇāse.
Gaṇassa satthāro sāmaññappattā, na hi nūna te sappurisehi dūre”ti.
Atha kho vegabbhari devaputto ākoṭakaṃ devaputtaṃ gāthāya paccabhāsi–
“Sahācaritena chavo sigālo, na kotthuko sīhasamo kadāci.
Naggo musāvādī gaṇassa satthā, saṅkassarācāro na sataṃ sarikkho”ti.
Atha kho māro pāpimā begabbhariṃ devaputtaṃ anvāvisitvā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Tapojigucchāya āyuttā, pālayaṃ pavivekiyaṃ;
Rūpe ca ye niviṭṭhāse, devalokābhinandino.
Te ve sammānusāsanti, paralokāya mātiyā”ti.
Atha kho bhagavā, ‘māro ayaṃ pāpimā’ iti viditvā, māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāya paccabhāsi–
“Ye keci rūpā idha vā huraṃ vā, ye cantalikkhasmiṃ pabhāsavaṇṇā.
Sabbeva te te namucippasatthā, āmisaṃva macchānaṃ vadhāya khittā”ti.
Atha kho māṇavagāmiyo devaputto bhagavantaṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi–
“Vipulo rājagahīyānaṃ, giriseṭṭho pavuccati;
Seto himavataṃ seṭṭho, ādicco aghagāminaṃ.
“Samuddo udadhinaṃ seṭṭho, nakkhattānañca candimā.
Sadevakassa lokassa, buddho aggo pavuccatī”ti.
Nānātitthiyavaggo tatiyo.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Sivo khemo ca serī ca, ghaṭī jantu ca rohito;
Nando nandivisālo ca, susimo nānātitthiyena te dasāti.
Devaputtasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.