50 根律仪经

第八经

"诸比丘，当没有根律仪（感官的守护）时，对于缺失根律仪的人，戒行便失去了近因（根基）。当没有戒行时，对于缺失戒行的人，正定便失去了近因。当没有正定时，对于缺失正定的人，如实知见便失去了近因。当没有如实知见时，对于缺失如实知见的人，厌离与离贪便失去了近因。当没有厌离与离贪时，对于缺失厌离与离贪的人，解脱知见便失去了近因。"

"诸比丘，譬如一棵树，枝叶残缺不全。它的外粗薄皮也不能圆满，内皮也不能圆满，边材也不能圆满，心材也不能圆满。"

"同样地，诸比丘，当没有根律仪时，对于缺失根律仪的人，戒行便失去了近因，（中略）解脱知见（也失去了近因）。"

"诸比丘，当有根律仪时，对于具足根律仪的人，戒行便具足了近因。当有戒行时，对于具足戒行的人，正定便具足了近因。当有正定时，对于具足正定的人，如实知见便具足了近因。当有如实知见时，对于具足如实知见的人，厌离与离贪便具足了近因。当有厌离与离贪时，对于具足厌离与离贪的人，解脱知见便具足了近因。"

"诸比丘，譬如一棵树，枝叶茂盛。它的外粗薄皮也能圆满，内皮也能圆满，边材也能圆满，心材也能圆满。"

"同样地，诸比丘，当有根律仪时，对于具足根律仪的人，戒行便具足了近因，（中略）解脱知见（也具足了近因）。"

51 阿难经

第九经

那时，尊者阿难前往尊者舍利弗处；到达之后，与尊者舍利弗互相问候。寒暄问候完毕后，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者阿难对尊者舍利弗说了这番话：

"舍利弗贤友，到什么程度，比丘能听到未曾听闻的法，已经听闻的法不会忘失，先前心中曾接触过的法能再次现起，并且能了知未曾了知的事呢？"

"尊者阿难是多闻者。请尊者阿难自己来说明吧。"

"那么，舍利弗贤友，请听，请善加作意，我将要说。"

"是的，贤友。"尊者舍利弗回答尊者阿难。

尊者阿难说了这番话：

"舍利弗贤友，在此，比丘学习法——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、方广。他如所听闻、如所学习的法，详细地为他人教说。他如所听闻、如所学习的法，详细地为他人教读。他如所听闻、如所学习的法，详细地复诵。他如所听闻、如所学习的法，以心随寻、随伺、以意随观。他在有多闻的、通达阿含的、持法的、持律的、持论母的长老比丘们居住的住处，在那住处安居。他时时前往他们那里请问、质疑：'尊者，这是什么意思？这义理是什么？'那些尊者们为他开显未开显的，为他阐明未阐明的，并在种种令人疑惑的法上为他去除疑惑。"

"舍利弗贤友，到此程度，比丘便能听到未曾听闻的法，已经听闻的法不会忘失，先前心中曾接触过的法能再次现起，并且能了知未曾了知的事。"

"真是稀有啊，贤友！真是奇妙啊，贤友！尊者阿难说得真是善说！我们认为尊者阿难具足这六法。因为尊者阿难学习法——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、方广。尊者阿难如所听闻、如所学习的法，详细地为他人教说。尊者阿难如所听闻、如所学习的法，详细地为他人教读。尊者阿难如所听闻、如所学习的法，详细地复诵。尊者阿难如所听闻、如所学习的法，以心随寻、随伺、以意随观。尊者阿难在有多闻的、通达阿含的、持法的、持律的、持论母的长老比丘们居住的住处，在那住处安居。尊者阿难时时前往他们那里请问、质疑：'尊者，这是什么意思？这义理是什么？'那些尊者们为尊者阿难开显未开显的，为他阐明未阐明的，并在种种令人疑惑的法上为他去除疑惑。"

52 刹帝利经

第十经

那时，生漏（阇奴苏尼）婆罗门前往世尊处；到达之后，与世尊互相问候。寒暄问候完毕后，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的生漏婆罗门对世尊说了这番话：

"乔达摩尊者，刹帝利（王族）以什么为志向，以什么为追求，以什么为依恃，以什么为执着，以什么为最终目标？"

"婆罗门，刹帝利以财富为志向，以智慧为追求，以武力为依恃，以土地为执着，以统治权为最终目标。"

"乔达摩尊者，那么婆罗门以什么为志向，以什么为追求，以什么为依恃，以什么为执着，以什么为最终目标？"

"婆罗门，婆罗门以财富为志向，以智慧为追求，以咒术（圣典）为依恃，以祭祀为执着，以梵天界为最终目标。"

"乔达摩尊者，那么居士（在家人）以什么为志向，以什么为追求，以什么为依恃，以什么为执着，以什么为最终目标？"

"婆罗门，居士以财富为志向，以智慧为追求，以技艺为依恃，以工作事业为执着，以完成工作为最终目标。"

"乔达摩尊者，那么女人以什么为志向，以什么为追求，以什么为依恃，以什么为执着，以什么为最终目标？"

"婆罗门，女人以男人为志向，以装饰为追求，以儿子为依恃，以无情敌（没有争宠的对手）为执着，以主导权为最终目标。"

"乔达摩尊者，那么盗贼以什么为志向，以什么为追求，以什么为依恃，以什么为执着，以什么为最终目标？"

"婆罗门，盗贼以掠夺为志向，以丛林（隐蔽处）为追求，以刀剑武器为依恃，以黑暗为执着，以不被发现为最终目标。"

"乔达摩尊者，那么沙门以什么为志向，以什么为追求，以什么为依恃，以什么为执着，以什么为最终目标？"

"婆罗门，沙门以忍耐柔和为志向，以智慧为追求，以戒行为依恃，以无所有为执着，以涅槃为最终目标。"

"真是稀有啊，乔达摩尊者！真是奇妙啊，乔达摩尊者！乔达摩尊者了知刹帝利的志向、追求、依恃、执着与最终目标。乔达摩尊者也了知婆罗门的（中略）……乔达摩尊者也了知居士的……乔达摩尊者也了知女人的……乔达摩尊者也了知盗贼的……乔达摩尊者也了知沙门的志向、追求、依恃、执着与最终目标。"

"殊妙啊，乔达摩尊者！（中略）……请乔达摩尊者记住我为优婆塞（在家信众），从今日起，终身归依。"

巴利语原版经文

AN.6.50/ 8. Indriyasaṃvarasuttaṃ

　　 50. “Indriyasaṃvare bhikkhave, asati indriyasaṃvaravipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti sīlaṃ; sīle asati sīlavipannassa hatūpaniso hoti sammāsamādhi; sammāsamādhimhi asati sammāsamādhivipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ; yathābhūtañāṇadassane asati yathābhūtañāṇadassanavipannassa hatūpaniso hoti nibbidāvirāgo; nibbidāvirāge asati nibbidāvirāgavipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rukkho sākhāpalāsavipanno. Tassa papaṭikāpi na pāripūriṃ gacchati, tacopi na pāripūriṃ gacchati, pheggupi na pāripūriṃ gacchati, sāropi na pāripūriṃ gacchati. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, indriyasaṃvare asati indriyasaṃvaravipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti sīlaṃ …pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ.

　　 “Indriyasaṃvare bhikkhave, sati indriyasaṃvarasampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti sīlaṃ; sīle sati sīlasampannassa upanisasampanno hoti sammāsamādhi; sammāsamādhimhi sati sammāsamādhisampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ; yathābhūtañāṇadassane sati yathābhūtañāṇadassanasampannassa upanisasampanno hoti nibbidāvirāgo; nibbidāvirāge sati nibbidāvirāgasampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rukkho sākhāpalāsasampanno. Tassa papaṭikāpi pāripūriṃ gacchati, tacopi pāripūriṃ gacchati, pheggupi pāripūriṃ gacchati, sāropi pāripūriṃ gacchati. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, indriyasaṃvare sati indriyasaṃvarasampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti sīlaṃ …pe… vimuttiñāṇadassanan”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

AN.6.51/ 9. Ānandasuttaṃ

　　 51. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca–

　　 “Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu assutañceva dhammaṃ suṇāti, sutā cassa dhammā na sammosaṃ gacchanti, ye cassa dhammā pubbe cetasā samphuṭṭhapubbā te ca samudācaranti, aviññātañca vijānātī”ti? “Āyasmā kho ānando bahussuto. Paṭibhātu āyasmantaṃyeva ānandan”ti. “Tenahāvuso sāriputta, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī”ti “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmato ānandassa paccassosi. Āyasmā ānando etadavoca–

　　 “Idhāvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti– suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ vāceti, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Yasmiṃ āvāse therā bhikkhū viharanti bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā tasmiṃ āvāse vassaṃ upeti. Te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati– ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ; imassa kvattho’ti? Te tassa āyasmato avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu assutañceva dhammaṃ suṇāti, sutā cassa dhammā na sammosaṃ gacchanti, ye cassa dhammā pubbe cetasā samphuṭṭhapubbā te ca samudācaranti, aviññātañca vijānātī”ti.

　　 “Acchariyaṃ āvuso, abbhutaṃ, āvuso, yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ āyasmatā ānandena. Imehi ca mayaṃ chahi dhammehi samannāgataṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ dhārema. Āyasmā hi ānando dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti– suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ Āyasmā ānando yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ deseti, āyasmā ānando yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ vāceti, āyasmā ānando yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karoti, āyasmā ānando yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakketi anuvicāreti manasānupekkhati. Āyasmā ānando yasmiṃ āvāse therā bhikkhū viharanti bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā tasmiṃ āvāse vassaṃ upeti. Te āyasmā ānando kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati paripañhati– ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ; imassa kvattho’ti? Te āyasmato ānandassa avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodentī”ti. Navamaṃ.

AN.6.52/ 10. Khattiyasuttaṃ

　　 52. Atha kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–

　　 “Khattiyā bho gotama, kiṃ-adhippāyā, kiṃ-upavicārā, kiṃ-adhiṭṭhānā, kiṃ-abhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā”ti? “Khattiyā kho, brāhmaṇa, bhogādhippāyā paññūpavicārā balādhiṭṭhānā pathavībhinivesā issariyapariyosānā”ti.

　　 “Brāhmaṇā pana, bho gotama, kiṃ-adhippāyā, kiṃ-upavicārā, kiṃ-adhiṭṭhānā, kiṃ-abhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā”ti? “Brāhmaṇā kho, brāhmaṇa, bhogādhippāyā paññūpavicārā mantādhiṭṭhānā yaññābhinivesā brahmalokapariyosānā”ti.

　　 “Gahapatikā pana, bho gotama, kiṃ-adhippāyā, kiṃ-upavicārā, kiṃ-adhiṭṭhānā, kiṃ-abhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā”ti? “Gahapatikā kho, brāhmaṇa, bhogādhippāyā paññūpavicārā sippādhiṭṭhānā kammantābhinivesā niṭṭhitakammantapariyosānā”ti.

　　 “Itthī pana, bho gotama, kiṃ-adhippāyā, kiṃ-upavicārā, kiṃ-adhiṭṭhānā, kiṃ-abhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā”ti? “Itthī kho, brāhmaṇa, purisādhippāyā alaṅkārūpavicārā puttādhiṭṭhānā asapatībhinivesā issariyapariyosānā”ti.

　　 “Corā pana, bho gotama, kiṃ-adhippāyā, kiṃ-upavicārā, kiṃ-adhiṭṭhānā, kiṃ-abhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā”ti? “Corā kho, brāhmaṇa, ādānādhippāyā gahanūpavicārā satthādhiṭṭhānā andhakārābhinivesā adassanapariyosānā”ti.

　　 “Samaṇā pana, bho gotama, kiṃ-adhippāyā, kiṃ-upavicārā, kiṃ-adhiṭṭhānā, kiṃ-abhinivesā, kiṃpariyosānā”ti? “Samaṇā kho, brāhmaṇa, khantisoraccādhippāyā paññūpavicārā sīlādhiṭṭhānā ākiñcaññābhinivesā nibbānapariyosānā”ti.

　　 “Acchariyaṃ, bho gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Khattiyānampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti adhippāyañca upavicārañca adhiṭṭhānañca abhinivesañca pariyosānañca. Brāhmaṇānampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti …pe… gahapatīnampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti… itthīnampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti… corānampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti samaṇānampi bhavaṃ gotamo jānāti adhippāyañca upavicārañca adhiṭṭhānañca abhinivesañca pariyosānañca. Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti. Dasamaṃ.