第一千三百八十二章 戒经,速领悟经,跋陀耆经 增支部5集168经到170经
168 戒经
那时,尊者舍利弗对比丘们说道:
"诸位贤友,对于破戒者、戒已毁坏者,正定就失去了近因(依止);当没有正定时,对于正定已毁坏者,如实知见就失去了近因;当没有如实知见时,对于如实知见已毁坏者,厌离与离贪就失去了近因;当没有厌离与离贪时,对于厌离离贪已毁坏者,解脱知见就失去了近因。
诸位贤友,譬如一棵树,枝叶毁坏了,那么它的嫩芽(外皮)也无法长成,树皮也……(中略)……边材也……心材也无法长成。同样地,诸位贤友,对于破戒者、戒已毁坏者,正定就失去了近因;当没有正定时,对于正定已毁坏者,如实知见就失去了近因;当没有如实知见时,对于如实知见已毁坏者,厌离与离贪就失去了近因;当没有厌离与离贪时,对于厌离离贪已毁坏者,解脱知见就失去了近因。
诸位贤友,对于持戒者、戒已具足者,正定就具足了近因;当有正定时,对于正定已具足者,如实知见就具足了近因;当有如实知见时,对于如实知见已具足者,厌离与离贪就具足了近因;当有厌离与离贪时,对于厌离离贪已具足者,解脱知见就具足了近因。
诸位贤友,譬如一棵树,枝叶具足了,那么它的嫩芽也能长成,树皮也……(中略)……边材也……心材也能长成。同样地,诸位贤友,对于持戒者、戒已具足者,正定就具足了近因;当有正定时,对于正定已具足者,如实知见就具足了近因;当有如实知见时,对于如实知见已具足者,厌离与离贪就具足了近因;当有厌离与离贪时,对于厌离离贪已具足者,解脱知见就具足了近因。"
第八经。
169 速领悟经
那时,尊者阿难前往尊者舍利弗那里。到了之后,与尊者舍利弗互相问候。互相问候、寒暄了值得欢喜与值得忆念的话之后,便坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者阿难对尊者舍利弗这样说道:
"舍利弗贤友,比丘要到何种程度,才能在善法中速领悟,善于把握所学,多闻博取,而所学的不会忘失呢?"
"阿难贤友是多闻者。请尊者阿难自己来阐述吧。"
"既然如此,舍利弗贤友,请听,请善作意,我将说。"
"是的,贤友。"尊者舍利弗回答尊者阿难。尊者阿难这样说道:
"在此,舍利弗贤友,比丘是义善巧者,是法善巧者,是文句(字句)善巧者,是词语(语法)善巧者,是前后次第善巧者。舍利弗贤友,到这种程度,比丘就能在善法中速领悟,善于把握所学,多闻博取,而所学的不会忘失。"
"奇哉,贤友!未曾有啊,贤友!尊者阿难所说的真是善说。我们记住尊者阿难具足这五法——'尊者阿难是义善巧、法善巧、文句善巧、词语善巧、前后次第善巧。'"
第九经。
170 跋陀耆经
一时,尊者阿难住在憍赏弥的瞿师罗园。那时,尊者跋陀耆前往尊者阿难那里。到了之后,与尊者阿难互相问候。互相问候、寒暄了值得欢喜与值得忆念的话之后,便坐在一旁。对坐在一旁的尊者跋陀耆,尊者阿难这样说道:
"跋陀耆贤友,什么是诸见中的最上?什么是诸闻中的最上?什么是诸乐中的最上?什么是诸想中的最上?什么是诸有(存在)中的最上?"
"贤友,有梵天,是征服者、不被征服者、遍见一切者、自在者,谁见到那位梵天,这就是诸见中的最上。
贤友,有名为光音天的诸天,他们被乐充满、遍满。他们有时偶尔发出感叹——'啊,乐!啊,乐!'谁听到那声音,这就是诸闻中的最上。
贤友,有名为遍净天的诸天。他们寂静而满足,体验着乐,这就是诸乐中的最上。
贤友,有趣向无所有处的诸天,这就是诸想中的最上。
贤友,有趣向非想非非想处的诸天,这就是诸有中的最上。"
"那么,尊者跋陀耆所说的,与众人所说的相同吗?"
"尊者阿难是多闻者。请尊者阿难自己来阐述吧。"
"既然如此,跋陀耆贤友,请听,请善作意,我将说。"
"是的,贤友。"尊者跋陀耆回答尊者阿难。尊者阿难这样说道:
"贤友,当如此见者无间地(紧接着)诸漏灭尽,这就是诸见中的最上。当如此闻者无间地诸漏灭尽,这就是诸闻中的最上。当如此乐者无间地诸漏灭尽,这就是诸乐中的最上。当如此有想者无间地诸漏灭尽,这就是诸想中的最上。当如此存在者无间地诸漏灭尽,这就是诸有中的最上。"
第十经。
第二品 嫌恨品终。
其摄颂为:
二嫌恨调伏,论议、共住、问;
询问、灭、责备,戒、领悟、跋陀耆。
巴利语原版经文
AN.5.168/ 8. Sīlasuttaṃ
168. Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū āmantesi– “dussīlassa, āvuso, sīlavipannassa hatūpaniso hoti sammāsamādhi; sammāsamādhimhi asati sammāsamādhivipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ; yathābhūtañāṇadassane asati yathābhūtañāṇadassanavipannassa hatūpaniso hoti nibbidāvirāgo; nibbidāvirāge asati nibbidāvirāgavipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ. Seyyathāpi, āvuso, rukkho sākhāpalāsavipanno. Tassa papaṭikāpi na pāripūriṃ gacchati, tacopi …pe… pheggupi… sāropi na pāripūriṃ gacchati. Evamevaṃ kho, āvuso, dussīlassa sīlavipannassa hatūpaniso hoti sammāsamādhi; sammāsamādhimhi asati sammāsamādhivipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ; yathābhūtañāṇadassane asati yathābhūtañāṇadassanavipannassa hatūpaniso hoti nibbidāvirāgo; nibbidāvirāge asati nibbidāvirāgavipannassa hatūpanisaṃ hoti vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ.
“Sīlavato, āvuso, sīlasampannassa upanisasampanno hoti sammāsamādhi; sammāsamādhimhi sati sammāsamādhisampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ; yathābhūtañāṇadassane sati yathābhūtañāṇadassana-sampannassa upanisasampanno hoti nibbidāvirāgo; nibbidāvirāge sati nibbidāvirāga-sampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ. Seyyathāpi, āvuso, rukkho, sākhāpalāsasampanno. Tassa papaṭikāpi pāripūriṃ gacchati, tacopi …pe… pheggupi… sāropi pāripūriṃ gacchati. Evamevaṃ kho, āvuso, sīlavato sīlasampannassa upanisasampanno hoti sammāsamādhi; sammāsamādhimhi sati sammāsamādhisampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ; yathābhūtañāṇadassane sati yathābhūtañāṇadassanasampannassa upanisasampanno hoti nibbidāvirāgo; nibbidāvirāge sati nibbidāvirāgasampannassa upanisasampannaṃ hoti vimuttiñāṇadassanan”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
AN.5.169/ 9. Khippanisantisuttaṃ
169. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca–
“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti, kusalesu dhammesu suggahitaggāhī ca, bahuñca gaṇhāti, gahitañcassa nappamussatī”ti? “Āyasmā kho ānando bahussuto. Paṭibhātu āyasmantaṃyeva ānandan”ti. “Tenahāvuso sāriputta, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmato ānandassa paccassosi. Āyasmā ānando etadavoca–
“Idhāvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu atthakusalo ca hoti, dhammakusalo ca, byañjanakusalo ca niruttikusalo ca, pubbāparakusalo ca. Ettāvatā kho āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu khippanisanti ca hoti kusalesu dhammesu, suggahitaggāhī ca, bahuñca gaṇhāti, gahitañcassa nappamussatī”ti. “Acchariyaṃ, āvuso! Abbhutaṃ, āvuso!! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ āyasmatā ānandena. Imehi ca mayaṃ pañcahi dhammehi samannāgataṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ dhārema– ‘āyasmā ānando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo’”ti. Navamaṃ.
AN.5.170/ 10. Bhaddajisuttaṃ
170. Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho āyasmā bhaddaji yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ bhaddajiṃ āyasmā ānando etadavoca– “kiṃ nu kho, āvuso bhaddaji, dassanānaṃ aggaṃ, kiṃ savanānaṃ aggaṃ, kiṃ sukhānaṃ aggaṃ, kiṃ saññānaṃ aggaṃ, kiṃ bhavānaṃ aggan”ti?
“Atthāvuso, brahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī, yo taṃ brahmānaṃ passati, idaṃ dassanānaṃ aggaṃ. Atthāvuso, ābhassarā nāma devā sukhena abhisannā parisannā. Te kadāci karahaci udānaṃ udānenti– ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukhan’ti! Yo taṃ saddaṃ suṇāti, idaṃ savanānaṃ aggaṃ. Atthāvuso, subhakiṇhā nāma devā. Te santaṃyeva tusitā sukhaṃ paṭivedenti, idaṃ sukhānaṃ aggaṃ. Atthāvuso, ākiñcaññāyatanūpagā devā, idaṃ saññānaṃ aggaṃ. Atthāvuso, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagā devā, idaṃ bhavānaṃ aggan”ti. “Sameti kho idaṃ āyasmato bhaddajissa, yadidaṃ bahunā janenā”ti?
“Āyasmā kho, ānando, bahussuto. Paṭibhātu āyasmantaṃyeva ānandan”ti. “Tenahāvuso bhaddaji, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā bhaddaji āyasmato ānandassa paccassosi. Āyasmā ānando etadavoca–
“Yathā passato kho, āvuso, anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, idaṃ dassanānaṃ aggaṃ. Yathā suṇato anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, idaṃ savanānaṃ aggaṃ. Yathā sukhitassa anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, idaṃ sukhānaṃ aggaṃ. Yathā saññissa anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, idaṃ saññānaṃ aggaṃ. Yathā bhūtassa anantarā āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, idaṃ bhavānaṃ aggan”ti. Dasamaṃ.
Āghātavaggo dutiyo.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Dve āghātavinayā, sākacchā sājīvato pañhaṃ;
Pucchā nirodho codanā, sīlaṃ nisanti bhaddajīti.