一时，世尊住在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城尼拘律园。那时，世尊因某事让比丘僧团离开。在上午时分，世尊着衣持钵，进入迦毗罗卫城托钵。在城中托钵完毕，饭后返回，前往大林园准备午休。进入大林园后，在一棵木瓜树下坐下休息。

这时，世尊独处静坐时，心中生起这样的想法："我已经让比丘僧团离开了。其中有些新出家不久的比丘，刚来学习这法与律。如果他们见不到我，可能会改变，可能会退转。就像年幼的牛犊见不到母牛会改变和退转一样；又如幼苗得不到水分会改变和退转一样。这些新出家的比丘若见不到我，也可能会这样（中略）这些比丘若见不到我，也可能会改变，可能会退转。我是否应该像以前那样继续摄受比丘僧团呢？"

这时，娑婆世界主梵天知道了世尊的心念，就像强壮的人伸展弯曲的手臂或弯曲伸展的手臂那样快速，从梵天界消失，出现在世尊面前。娑婆世界主梵天整理上衣偏袒右肩，向世尊合掌，对世尊说：

"确实如此，世尊；确实如此，善逝。世尊的比丘僧团已经离开。其中有新出家不久的比丘，刚来学习这法与律。如果他们见不到世尊，可能会改变，可能会退转。就像年幼的牛犊见不到母牛会改变和退转一样；又如幼苗得不到水分会改变和退转。这些新出家的比丘若见不到世尊，也可能会这样。请世尊欢喜摄受比丘僧团，请世尊教导比丘僧团。请世尊像以前那样继续摄受比丘僧团。"

世尊以沉默表示同意。娑婆世界主梵天知道世尊同意后，礼敬世尊，右绕后就在那里消失了。

傍晚时分，世尊从禅定中起来，去到尼拘律园，坐在准备好的座位上。世尊运用神通力，使比丘们一个接一个地恭敬地来到他面前。比丘们来到后，礼敬世尊，坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的比丘们说：

"比丘们，托钵是最低贱的生活方式。比丘们，在世间，'手持钵四处乞食的人'这样的说法是一种咒骂。然而，比丘们，善男子们接受这种生活是有其原因的，是为了一个重要的目的。不是因为国王逼迫，不是因为盗贼逼迫，不是因为债务，不是因为恐惧，不是因为失去生计，而是因为我们被生、老、死、忧、悲、苦、忧恼所困，被苦所困，被苦所逼。也许能找到结束这整个苦蕴的方法。

比丘们，一个这样出家的善男子，如果他贪求感欲、内心充满瞋恨、思维污浊、失念、不正知、心不专一、心散乱、诸根放逸，就像一根两头着火中间沾粪的火葬场木柴，既不能在村中用作柴薪，也不能在林中用作柴薪。我说这样的人就像这个比喻：既失去了在家的享受，又没有完成沙门的目标。

比丘们，有三种不善寻：欲寻、恚寻、害寻。这三种不善寻在哪里完全止息呢？在四念处中安住心念，或修习无相定时。比丘们，修习无相定是很有价值的。无相定若修习、多修习，能带来大果报、大利益。

比丘们，有两种见：有见和无有见。对此，多闻圣弟子如此思维：'世间有什么是我执取了之后不会受到责难的吗？'他了知：'世间没有任何东西是我执取了之后不会受到责难的。因为我若执取色，若执取受，若执取想，若执取行，若执取识，由于执取为缘而有有，由有为缘而有生，由生为缘而有老死、忧悲苦恼忧恼。如是这整个苦蕴集起。'

"比丘们，你们认为如何，色是常还是无常？"

"无常，世尊。"

"无常的是苦还是乐？"

"是苦，世尊。"

"对于无常、苦、变异的法，是否适合认为：'这是我的，这是我，这是我的自我'？"

"确实不适合，世尊。"

"受（中略）想（中略）行（中略）识（中略）因此，比丘们，如是见者（中略）了知：'不再有后有。'"

第八经终。

巴利语原版经文

SN.22.80/(8). Piṇḍolyasuttaṃ

　　 80. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho bhagavā kismiñcideva pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇāmetvā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kapilavatthuṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kapilavatthusmiṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena mahāvanaṃ tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya Mahāvanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā beluvalaṭṭhikāya mūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.

　　 Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi– “mayā kho bhikkhusaṅgho pabāḷho. Santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ mamaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ tesaṃ mamaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha …pe… tesaṃ mamaṃ alabhantānaṃ dassanāya siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yatheva mayā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito, evameva etarahi anuggaṇheyyaṃ bhikkhusaṅghan”ti.

　　 Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya– seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva– brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “evametaṃ, bhagavā; evametaṃ, sugata Bhagavato, bhante, bhikkhusaṅgho pabāḷho. Santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ. Tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma vacchassa taruṇassa mātaraṃ apassantassa siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ apassantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Seyyathāpi nāma bījānaṃ taruṇānaṃ udakaṃ alabhantānaṃ siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo, evameva santettha bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavantaṃ alabhantānaṃ dassanāya siyā aññathattaṃ siyā vipariṇāmo. Abhinandatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ; abhivadatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Yatheva bhagavatā pubbe bhikkhusaṅgho anuggahito, evameva etarahi anuggaṇhātu bhikkhusaṅghan”ti.

　　 Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyi.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena nigrodhārāmo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā te bhikkhū (ekadvīhikāya sārajjamānarūpā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkameyyuṃ. Tepi bhikkhū ekadvīhikāya sārajjamānarūpā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Antamidaṃ, bhikkhave, jīvikānaṃ yadidaṃ piṇḍolyaṃ. Abhisāpoyaṃ, bhikkhave, lokasmiṃ piṇḍolo vicarasi pattapāṇīti. Tañca kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputtā upenti atthavasikā, atthavasaṃ paṭicca; neva rājābhinītā, na corābhinītā, na iṇaṭṭā, na bhayaṭṭā, na ājīvikāpakatā; api ca kho otiṇṇāmha jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇā dukkhaparetā appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethāti.

　　 “Evaṃ pabbajito cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputto. So ca hoti abhijjhālu kāmesu tibbasārāgo byāpannacitto paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākatindriyo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave chavālātaṃ ubhatopadittaṃ majjhe gūthagataṃ, neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati, nāraññe kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi gihibhogā ca parihīno, sāmaññatthañca na paripūreti.

　　 “Tayome, bhikkhave, akusalavitakkā– kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko. Ime ca bhikkhave, tayo akusalavitakkā kva aparisesā nirujjhanti? Catūsu vā satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittassa viharato animittaṃ vā samādhiṃ bhāvayato. Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, alameva animitto samādhi bhāvetuṃ. Animitto, bhikkhave, samādhi bhāvito bahulīkato mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso.

　　 “Dvemā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiyo– bhavadiṭṭhi ca vibhavadiṭṭhi ca. Tatra kho, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘atthi nu kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yamahaṃ upādiyamāno na vajjavā assan’ti? So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘natthi nu kho taṃ kiñci lokasmiṃ yamahaṃ upādiyamāno na vajjavā assaṃ. Ahañhi rūpaññeva upādiyamāno upādiyeyyaṃ vedanaññeva… saññaññeva… saṅkhāreyeva viññāṇaññeva upādiyamāno upādiyeyyaṃ. Tassa me assa upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhaveyyuṃ. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo assā’”ti.

　　 “Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā”ti? “Aniccaṃ, bhante”. “Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā”ti? “Dukkhaṃ, bhante”. “Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ– ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’”ti? “No hetaṃ, bhante”. “Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ …pe… tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṃ passaṃ… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.