增支部3集90经到92经

90.第一三学经

"比丘们,有这三种学。哪三种?增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学。

"比丘们,什么是增上戒学?在这里,比丘们,比丘持戒...在学处中学习。比丘们,这被称为增上戒学。

"比丘们,什么是增上心学?在这里,比丘们,比丘远离欲乐...证得并住于第四禅。比丘们,这被称为增上心学。

"比丘们,什么是增上慧学?在这里,比丘们,比丘如实了知'这是苦'...如实了知'这是导向苦灭的道路'。比丘们,这被称为增上慧学。比丘们,这就是三种学。"

91.第二三学经

"比丘们,有这三种学。哪三种?增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学。

"比丘们,什么是增上戒学?在这里,比丘们,比丘持戒...在学处中学习。比丘们,这被称为增上戒学。

"比丘们,什么是增上心学?在这里,比丘们,比丘远离欲乐...证得并住于第四禅。比丘们,这被称为增上心学。

"比丘们,什么是增上慧学?在这里,比丘们,比丘因漏尽而在现法中自证无漏心解脱、慧解脱,并住于其中。比丘们,这被称为增上慧学。比丘们,这就是三种学。"

"增上戒、增上心、增上慧,充满精进,

  坚强、坚定、禅修,具念守护诸根而行。

 如前如后,如后如前,

 如下如上,如上如下。

 如昼如夜,如夜如昼,

 以无量定征服一切方。

 这被称为有学的道路,也称为纯净的行为。

 这被称为世间的正觉者,智者,道路的完成者。

 由于识的灭尽,渴爱灭尽而解脱,

 犹如灯火熄灭,心获得解脱。"

92.桑卡瓦经

有一次,世尊与大比丘僧团一起在憍萨罗国游行,来到了憍萨罗国的一个名叫桑卡瓦的村庄。那时,世尊住在桑卡瓦。当时,有一位名叫迦叶族的比丘住在桑卡瓦。在那里,世尊以关于学处的法语教导、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜比丘们。当世尊以关于学处的法语教导、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜比丘们时,迦叶族比丘心生不满,心生不悦,想:"这沙门太过苛刻了。"

然后,世尊在桑卡瓦住了适当的时间后,向王舍城出发游行。渐次游行,到达了王舍城。在那里,世尊住在王舍城。

这时,世尊离开不久,迦叶族比丘生起后悔:"我真是不幸,我真是没有获得,我真是得到了不好的,我真是没有得到好的;当世尊以关于学处的法语教导、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜比丘们时,我心生不满,心生不悦,想:'这沙门太过苛刻了。'我现在应该去见世尊;去了之后,在世尊面前忏悔过失。"

于是迦叶族比丘收拾住处,拿起衣钵,向王舍城出发。渐次到达王舍城,来到灵鹫山,走近世尊。走近后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的迦叶族比丘对世尊说:

"尊者,有一次世尊住在桑卡瓦,桑卡瓦是憍萨罗国的一个村庄。那时,尊者,世尊以关于学处的法语教导、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜比丘们。当世尊以关于学处的法语教导、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜比丘们时,我心生不满,心生不悦,想:'这沙门太过苛刻了。'然后世尊在桑卡瓦住了适当的时间后,向王舍城出发游行。尊者,世尊离开不久,我生起后悔:'我真是不幸,我真是没有获得,我真是得到了不好的,我真是没有得到好的;当世尊以关于学处的法语教导、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜比丘们时,我心生不满,心生不悦,想:"这沙门太过苛刻了。"我现在应该去见世尊;去了之后,在世尊面前忏悔过失。'尊者,我犯了过失,如愚如痴,如不善,当世尊以关于学处的法语教导、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜比丘们时,我心生不满,心生不悦,想:'这沙门太过苛刻了。'尊者,愿世尊接受我的忏悔,为了将来的约束。"

"的确,迦叶,你犯了过失,如愚如痴,如不善,当我以关于学处的法语教导、劝导、鼓励、令欢喜比丘们时,你心生不满,心生不悦,想:'这沙门太过苛刻了。'但是,迦叶,既然你看到过失为过失,依法忏悔,我们接受你的忏悔。迦叶,在圣者的律中,这是一种进步:看到过失为过失,依法忏悔,并在将来约束自己。

迦叶,如果一位长老比丘不喜欢学,不赞美受持学处,不鼓励其他不喜欢学的比丘学习,不适时真实地赞美其他喜欢学的比丘,迦叶,我不赞美这样的长老比丘。为什么?因为如果我赞美他,其他比丘会亲近他,亲近他的人会效仿他,效仿他的人长期会受到伤害和痛苦。因此,迦叶,我不赞美这样的长老比丘。

如果一位中年比丘...如果一位新学比丘不喜欢学,不赞美受持学处,不鼓励其他不喜欢学的比丘学习,不适时真实地赞美其他喜欢学的比丘,迦叶,我不赞美这样的新学比丘。为什么?因为如果我赞美他,其他比丘会亲近他,亲近他的人会效仿他,效仿他的人长期会受到伤害和痛苦。因此,迦叶,我不赞美这样的新学比丘。

迦叶,如果一位长老比丘喜欢学,赞美受持学处,鼓励其他不喜欢学的比丘学习,适时真实地赞美其他喜欢学的比丘,迦叶,我赞美这样的长老比丘。为什么?因为如果我赞美他,其他比丘会亲近他,亲近他的人会效仿他,效仿他的人长期会获得利益和快乐。因此,迦叶,我赞美这样的长老比丘。

如果一位中年比丘...如果一位新学比丘喜欢学,赞美受持学处,鼓励其他不喜欢学的比丘学习,适时真实地赞美其他喜欢学的比丘,迦叶,我赞美这样的新学比丘。为什么?因为如果我赞美他,其他比丘会亲近他,亲近他的人会效仿他,效仿他的人长期会获得利益和快乐。因此,迦叶,我赞美这样的新学比丘。"

第十一章 桑卡瓦经完。

沙门品第九完。

其摘要如下:

沙门、驴、田地、跋耆子、有学、

三种学处已说,两种学、桑卡瓦。

巴利语原版经文

90/ 9. Paṭhamasikkhattayasuttaṃ

　　 90. “Tisso imā, bhikkhave, sikkhā. Katamā tisso? Adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhisīlasikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhisīlasikkhā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhicittasikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhicittasikkhā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhipaññāsikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti …pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhipaññāsikkhā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso sikkhā”ti. Navamaṃ.

91/ 10. Dutiyasikkhattayasuttaṃ

　　 91. “Tisso imā, bhikkhave, sikkhā. Katamā tisso? Adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhisīlasikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti …pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhisīlasikkhā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhicittasikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhicittasikkhā.

　　 “Katamā ca, bhikkhave, adhipaññāsikkhā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, adhipaññā sikkhā. Imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso sikkhā”ti.

　　“Adhisīlaṃ adhicittaṃ, adhipaññañca vīriyavā;

　　Thāmavā dhitimā jhāyī, sato guttindriyo care.

　　“Yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;

　　Yathā adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho.

　　“Yathā divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā;

　　Abhibhuyya disā sabbā, appamāṇasamādhinā.

　　“Tamāhu sekhaṃ paṭipadaṃ, atho saṃsuddhacāriyaṃ.

　　Tamāhu loke sambuddhaṃ, dhīraṃ paṭipadantaguṃ.

　　“Viññāṇassa nirodhena, taṇhākkhayavimuttino;

　　Pajjotasseva nibbānaṃ, vimokkho hoti cetaso”ti. Dasamaṃ.

92/ 11. Saṅkavāsuttaṃ

　　 92. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena saṅkavā nāma kosalānaṃ nigamo tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ viharati. Tena kho pana samayena kassapagotto nāma bhikkhu saṅkavāyaṃ āvāsiko hoti. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. Atha kho kassapagottassa bhikkhuno bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo– “adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo”ti. Atha kho bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena rājagahaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena rājagahaṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati.

　　 Atha kho kassapagottassa bhikkhuno acirapakkantassa bhagavato ahudeva kukkuccaṃ ahu vippaṭisāro– “alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike accayaṃ accayato deseyyan”ti. Atha kho kassapagotto bhikkhu senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena rājagahaṃ tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena rājagahaṃ yena gijjhakūṭo pabbato yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kassapagotto bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–

　　 “Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ viharati, saṅkavā nāma kosalānaṃ nigamo. Tatra, bhante, bhagavā sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Tassa mayhaṃ bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Atha kho bhagavā saṅkavāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena rājagahaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, acirapakkantassa bhagavato ahudeva kukkuccaṃ ahu vippaṭisāro– alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike accayaṃ accayato deseyyanti. Accayo maṃ, bhante accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathā-akusalaṃ yassa me bhagavati sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo – ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Tassa me, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu, āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā”ti.

　　 “Taggha taṃ, kassapa, accayo accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathā-akusalaṃ, yassa te mayi sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya bhikkhū sandassente samādapente samuttejente sampahaṃsente ahudeva akkhanti ahu appaccayo– ‘adhisallikhatevāyaṃ samaṇo’ti. Yato ca kho tvaṃ, kassapa, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarosi, taṃ te mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuddhihesā, kassapa, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, āyatiṃ saṃvaraṃ āpajjati.

　　 “Thero cepi kassapa, bhikkhu hoti na sikkhākāmo na sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca na sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, therassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa therassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi.

　　 “Majjhimo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti …pe… navo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti na sikkhākāmo na sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca na sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, navassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa navassa bhikkhuno na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi.

　　 “Thero cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti sikkhākāmo sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, therassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa therassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi.

　　 “Majjhimo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti sikkhākāmo …pe… navo cepi, kassapa, bhikkhu hoti sikkhākāmo sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī, ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā te ca sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, evarūpassāhaṃ, kassapa, navassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Satthā hissa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇatīti aññe naṃ bhikkhū bhajeyyuṃ, ye naṃ bhajeyyuṃ tyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, yyāssa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti. Tasmāhaṃ, kassapa, evarūpassa navassa bhikkhuno vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇāmī”ti. Ekādasamaṃ.

　　 Samaṇavaggo navamo.

　　 Tassuddānaṃ–

　　 Samaṇo gadrabho khettaṃ, vajjiputto ca sekkhakaṃ;

　　 Tayo ca sikkhanā vuttā, dve sikkhā saṅkavāya cāti.