增支部3集11经到13经

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第11经：知名经

"诸比丘，具足三法的知名比丘，会导致众人的不利、痛苦，为天人带来无益、不利与痛苦。是哪三法？引导他人从事不如法的身业，引导他人从事不如法的语业，引导他人从事不如法的法。诸比丘，具足这三法的知名比丘，会导致众人的不利、痛苦，为天人带来无益、不利与痛苦。

诸比丘，具足三法的知名比丘，会导致众人的利益、安乐，为天人带来有益、利益与安乐。是哪三法？引导他人从事如法的身业，引导他人从事如法的语业，引导他人从事如法的法。诸比丘，具足这三法的知名比丘，会导致众人的利益、安乐，为天人带来有益、利益与安乐。"

第12经：忆念经

"诸比丘，已灌顶的刹帝利王有三件终身难忘之事。是哪三件？第一，比丘们，刹帝利王降生之处，这是已灌顶刹帝利王终身难忘的第一件事。"

比丘们，刹帝利王接受王位灌顶之处，这是已灌顶刹帝利王终身难忘的第二件事。"

再者，比丘们，刹帝利王在战场上获胜，占据战场之处，这是已灌顶刹帝利王终身难忘的第三件事。这就是已灌顶刹帝利王终身难忘的三件事。

同样地，比丘们，比丘也有三件终身难忘之事。是哪三件？比丘们，比丘剃除须发，披上袈裟，从在家出家为无家者之处，这是比丘终身难忘的第一件事。

再者，比丘们，比丘如实了知'这是苦'，如实了知'这是苦的生起'，如实了知'这是苦的止息'，如实了知'这是导向苦止息之道'之处，这是比丘终身难忘的第二件事。

再者，比丘们，比丘在现法中，以自己的智慧证得、实现并安住于漏尽、无漏的心解脱、慧解脱之处，这是比丘终身难忘的第三件事。这就是比丘终身难忘的三件事。"

第13经：期望经

"诸比丘，世间有这三种人存在。是哪三种？无望者、有望者、离望者。

什么是无望者？比丘们，这里有人生于低贱种姓，或生于旃陀罗家、竹匠家、猎人家、车匠家、清道夫家，贫穷缺乏饮食，生活艰难，难以获得衣食。他容貌丑陋，不堪入目，矮小、多病，或盲、跛、瘸、半身不遂，得不到饮食、衣服、车乘、花鬘、香料、卧具、住所和照明。他听说：'某某刹帝利已受刹帝利灌顶。'他不会想：'什么时候刹帝利们也会给我灌顶呢？'这就是无望者。

什么是有望者？比丘们，这里是已灌顶刹帝利王的长子，应受灌顶而尚未受灌顶者。他听说：'某某刹帝利已受刹帝利灌顶。'他会想：'什么时候刹帝利们也会给我灌顶呢？'这就是有望者。

什么是离望者？比丘们，这里是已受灌顶的刹帝利王。他听说：'某某刹帝利已受刹帝利灌顶。'他不会想：'什么时候刹帝利们也会给我灌顶呢？'为什么？因为他过去未受灌顶时的灌顶之望已经平息。这就是离望者。这就是世间存在的三种人。

同样地，比丘们，比丘中也有这三种人存在。是哪三种？无望者、有望者、离望者。

什么是无望者？比丘们，这里有破戒者，行为恶劣，不清净，行为可疑，所作隐秘，非沙门而自称沙门，非梵行者而自称梵行者，内心腐败，充满欲望，如垃圾堆。他听说：'某某比丘已断尽诸漏，证得无漏的心解脱、慧解脱，在现法中自知自证。'他不会想：'什么时候我也能断尽诸漏，证得无漏的心解脱、慧解脱，在现法中自知自证呢？'这就是无望者。

什么是有望者？比丘们，这里是持戒、善法的比丘。他听说：'某某比丘已断尽诸漏，证得无漏的心解脱、慧解脱，在现法中自知自证。'他会想：'什么时候我也能断尽诸漏，证得无漏的心解脱、慧解脱，在现法中自知自证呢？'这就是有望者。

什么是离望者？比丘们，这里是阿罗汉，诸漏已尽的比丘。他听说：'某某比丘已断尽诸漏，证得无漏的心解脱、慧解脱，在现法中自知自证。'他不会想：'什么时候我也能断尽诸漏......'为什么？因为他过去未解脱时的解脱之望已经平息。这就是离望者。这就是比丘中存在的三种人。"

巴利语原版经文

2. Rathakāravaggo

AN.3.11

1. Ñātasuttaṃ

　　 11. “Tīhi bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato ñāto bhikkhu bahujana-ahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanadukkhāya, bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamehi tīhi? Ananulomike kāyakamme samādapeti, ananulomike vacīkamme samādapeti, ananulomikesu dhammesu samādapeti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ñāto bhikkhu bahujana-ahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanadukkhāya, bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ.

　　 “Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato ñāto bhikkhu bahujanahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanasukhāya, bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamehi tīhi? Anulomike kāyakamme samādapeti, anulomike vacīkamme samādapeti, anulomikesu dhammesu samādapeti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato ñāto bhikkhu bahujanahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujanasukhāya, bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

AN.3.12/ 2. Sāraṇīyasuttaṃ

　　 12. “Tīṇimāni bhikkhave, rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyāni bhavanti. Katamāni tīṇi? Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, padese rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto jāto hoti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ hoti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ padese rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto hoti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyaṃ rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ hoti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ padese rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto saṅgāmaṃ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmo tameva saṅgāmasīsaṃ ajjhāvasati. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyaṃ rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ hoti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyāni bhavanti.

　　 “Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tīṇimāni bhikkhussa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyāni bhavanti. Katamāni tīṇi? Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, padese bhikkhu kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṃ bhikkhussa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ hoti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ padese bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyaṃ bhikkhussa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ hoti.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ padese bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyaṃ bhikkhussa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ hoti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi bhikkhussa yāvajīvaṃ sāraṇīyāni bhavantī”ti. Dutiyaṃ.

AN.3.13/ 3. Āsaṃsasuttaṃ

　　 13. “Tayome bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Nirāso, āsaṃso, vigatāso. Katamo ca, bhikkhave puggalo nirāso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo nīce kule paccājāto hoti, caṇḍālakule vā venakule vā nesādakule vā rathakārakule vā pukkusakule vā dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike, yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati. So ca hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoṭimako bavhābādho kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So suṇāti– ‘itthannāmo kira khattiyo khattiyehi khattiyābhisekena abhisitto’ti. Tassa na evaṃ hoti– ‘kudāssu nāma mampi khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñcissantī’ti! Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo nirāso.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo āsaṃso? Idha bhikkhave, rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa jeṭṭho putto hoti ābhiseko anabhisitto acalappatto. So suṇāti– ‘itthannāmo kira khattiyo khattiyehi khattiyābhisekena abhisitto’ti. Tassa evaṃ hoti– ‘kudāssu nāma mampi khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñcissantī’ti! Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo āsaṃso.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo vigatāso? Idha, bhikkhave, rājā hoti khattiyo muddhāvasitto. So suṇāti– ‘itthannāmo kira khattiyo khattiyehi khattiyābhisekena abhisitto’ti. Tassa na evaṃ hoti– ‘kudāssu nāma mampi khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñcissantī’ti! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yā hissa, bhikkhave, pubbe anabhisittassa abhisekāsā sā paṭippassaddhā. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo vigatāso. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.

　　 “Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu. Katame tayo? Nirāso, āsaṃso, vigatāso. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo nirāso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto. So suṇāti– ‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’ti. Tassa na evaṃ hoti– ‘kudāssu nāma ahampi āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’ti! Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo nirāso.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo āsaṃso? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo. So suṇāti āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’ti. Tassa evaṃ hoti– ‘kudāssu nāma ahampi āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’ti! Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo āsaṃso.

　　 “Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo vigatāso? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahaṃ hoti khīṇāsavo. So suṇāti– ‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’ti. Tassa na evaṃ hoti– ‘kudāssu nāma ahampi āsavānaṃ khayā …pe… sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’ti! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yā hissa, bhikkhave, pubbe avimuttassa vimuttāsā sā paṭippassaddhā. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo vigatāso. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsū”ti. Tatiyaṃ.