第一千一百八十九章 教化辛伽罗经

长部31经/教化辛伽罗经(波梨品[第三])


如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀竹园。当时,辛伽罗居士子清晨起床,离开王舍城,穿着湿衣服,头发湿漉漉的,双手合十礼敬诸方 - 东方、南方、西方、北方、下方和上方。


这时,世尊在上午时分穿好衣服,拿着钵和袈裟进入王舍城托钵。世尊看见辛伽罗居士子清晨起床,离开王舍城,穿着湿衣服,头发湿漉漉的,双手合十礼敬诸方 - 东方、南方、西方、北方、下方和上方。看见后,世尊对辛伽罗居士子说:"居士子,你为什么清晨起床,离开王舍城,穿着湿衣服,头发湿漉漉的,双手合十礼敬诸方 - 东方、南方、西方、北方、下方和上方呢?"


"世尊,我父亲临终时对我说:'孩子,你要礼敬诸方。'世尊,我为了尊重、恭敬、尊崇、供养父亲的遗言,所以清晨起床,离开王舍城,穿着湿衣服,头发湿漉漉的,双手合十礼敬诸方 - 东方、南方、西方、北方、下方和上方。"


【六方】


"居士子,在圣者的教导中,不是这样礼敬六方的。" "那么,世尊,在圣者的教导中应当如何礼敬六方呢?请世尊为我说法,教导在圣者的教导中应当如何礼敬六方。"


"那么,居士子,你要好好听,好好思考,我要说了。" "是的,世尊。"辛伽罗居士子回答世尊。世尊说:


"居士子,当圣弟子已经断除了四种污染业,不从四种原因造作恶业,不追随六种损财之道,这样他就远离十四种恶法,成为六方的保护者,为了征服两世而实践。他已经成就今世,也会成就来世。身坏命终之后,他会投生到善趣天界。


【四种污染业】


"什么是他已经断除的四种污染业?居士子,杀生是污染业,偷盗是污染业,邪淫是污染业,妄语是污染业。这四种污染业已经断除。"世尊说了这些话后,善逝、导师又说了以下偈颂:


"杀生与偷盗,妄语与邪淫,智者都不赞叹。"


【四种原因】


"从哪四种原因不造作恶业?因贪欲而行动会造作恶业,因嗔恨而行动会造作恶业,因愚痴而行动会造作恶业,因恐惧而行动会造作恶业。居士子,当圣弟子既不因贪欲而行动,不因嗔恨而行动,不因愚痴而行动,也不因恐惧而行动时,他就不会从这四种原因造作恶业。"世尊说了这些话后,善逝、导师又说了以下偈颂:


"若人因贪嗔恐惧痴,而违越法则,

其名声将衰减,如同月亮在黑分。


若人不因贪嗔恐惧痴,而违越法则,

其名声将增长,如同月亮在白分。"


【六种损财之道】


"什么是不应追随的六种损财之道?居士子:

1. 沉迷饮酒放逸是损财之道

2. 通宵游荡街头是损财之道

3. 沉迷观看表演是损财之道

4. 沉迷赌博是损财之道

5. 结交损友是损财之道

6. 懒惰懈怠是损财之道


【饮酒的六种过患】


"居士子,沉迷饮酒放逸有这六种过患:

1. 当下损失财物

2. 引发争吵

3. 导致疾病

4. 招致恶名

5. 暴露私处

6. 削弱智慧

这就是沉迷饮酒放逸的六种过患。


【夜游的六种过患】


"居士子,通宵游荡街头有这六种过患:

1. 自己得不到保护和照顾

2. 妻儿得不到保护和照顾

3. 财物得不到保护和照顾

4. 容易受到怀疑

5. 容易遭受诽谤

6. 遭遇许多困扰

这就是通宵游荡街头的六种过患。


【观看表演的六种过患】


"居士子,沉迷观看表演有这六种过患:总是想着'哪里有舞蹈?哪里有歌唱?哪里有音乐?哪里有说书?哪里有手鼓?哪里有陶鼓?'这就是沉迷观看表演的六种过患。


【赌博的六种过患】


"居士子,沉迷赌博有这六种过患:

1. 赢了招致怨恨

2. 输了心生懊悔

3. 当下损失财物

4. 法庭上的证词不被采信

5. 为亲朋好友所轻视

6. 不被人愿意结亲,'因为这个人是赌徒,养不起家'

这就是沉迷赌博的六种过患。


【损友的六种过患】


"居士子,结交损友有这六种过患:

1. 赌徒会成为他的朋友

2. 酒徒会成为他的朋友

3. 诈骗者会成为他的朋友

4. 骗子会成为他的朋友

5. 欺诈者会成为他的朋友

6. 暴力者会成为他的朋友

这就是结交损友的六种过患。


【懒惰的六种过患】


"居士子,懒惰懈怠有这六种过患:说'太冷了'而不工作,说'太热了'而不工作,说'太晚了'而不工作,说'太早了'而不工作,说'太饿了'而不工作,说'太饱了'而不工作。他找很多借口不工作,这样未得到的财富就得不到,已得到的财富就会消失。这就是懒惰懈怠的六种过患。"世尊说了这些话后,善逝、导师又说了以下偈颂:


"有些人只是酒友,有些人当面亲近,

真正的朋友是在困难时刻给予帮助的人。


睡懒觉、通奸、制造仇恨、无益之事、

结交损友、吝啬,这六件事会毁灭一个人。


结交损友和恶友,行为邪恶,

此人将毁坏今世和来世。


赌博、女人、酒、歌舞,白天睡觉、夜晚游荡,

结交损友、吝啬,这六件事会毁灭一个人。


沉溺赌博和饮酒,亲近他人如生命的女人,

亲近卑劣不亲近高尚,衰退如同月亮在黑分。


酒徒贫穷一无所有,常感口渴饮酒度日,

如同沉入债务之海,很快就会失去家族。


终日贪睡,夜不愿起,

常醉如酒徒,不能持家。


说'太冷'、'太热'、'太晚了',

这样推托工作的人,机会从青年身边流逝。


但若视寒暑如草芥,

履行人生职责的人,他不会失去快乐。"


【虚伪朋友】


"居士子,这四种虚伪朋友应该被认出:一切取者是虚伪朋友,空谈者是虚伪朋友,谄媚者是虚伪朋友,损友是虚伪朋友。


"居士子,一切取者从这四点可以被认出是虚伪朋友:

- 只想索取

- 付出少要求多

- 因恐惧而尽义务

- 只为自己利益而亲近

这就是从四点认出一切取者是虚伪朋友。


"居士子,空谈者从这四点可以被认出是虚伪朋友:

- 对过去的事情表示友好

- 对未来的事情表示友好

- 以无益的帮助笼络人

- 当需要帮助时推说遭遇不幸

这就是从四点认出空谈者是虚伪朋友。


"居士子,谄媚者从这四点可以被认出是虚伪朋友:

- 认同他人的恶行

- 也认同他人的善行

- 当面赞美

- 背后诽谤

这就是从四点认出谄媚者是虚伪朋友。


"居士子,损友从这四点可以被认出是虚伪朋友:

- 是饮酒放逸的同伴

- 是通宵游荡街头的同伴

- 是观看表演的同伴

- 是赌博的同伴

这就是从四点认出损友是虚伪朋友。"


世尊说了这些话后,善逝、导师又说了以下偈颂:


"只顾索取的朋友,只会空谈的朋友,

说阿谀奉承的人,沉溺享乐的朋友。


智者了知这四种是非友,

应当远离他们,如同远离危险的道路。"


【善友】


"居士子,这四种朋友应该被认为是善友:助人的朋友是善友,同甘共苦的朋友是善友,规劝利益的朋友是善友,有同情心的朋友是善友。


"居士子,助人的朋友从这四点可以被认出是善友:

- 保护放逸的人

- 保护放逸者的财产

- 当他人恐惧时成为庇护

- 当有急事需要时,给予双倍的帮助

这就是从四点认出助人的朋友是善友。


"居士子,同甘共苦的朋友从这四点可以被认出是善友:

- 告诉他秘密

- 为他保守秘密

- 遇到困难时不离弃

- 甚至愿意为他牺牲生命

这就是从四点认出同甘共苦的朋友是善友。


"居士子,规劝利益的朋友从这四点可以被认出是善友:

- 劝阻作恶

- 鼓励行善

- 告知未闻的知识

- 指示天道

这就是从四点认出规劝利益的朋友是善友。


"居士子,有同情心的朋友从这四点可以被认出是善友:

- 不为他人的不幸而欢喜

- 为他人的幸福而欢喜

- 制止他人说坏话

- 赞同他人说好话

这就是从四点认出有同情心的朋友是善友。"


世尊说了这些话后,善逝、导师又说了以下偈颂:


"助人的朋友,同甘共苦的朋友,

规劝利益的朋友,有同情心的朋友。


智者了知这四种是善友,

应当恭敬亲近,如母亲对待亲生子。

具足智慧和戒德的人,如火一样发光。


如蜜蜂采蜜,

财富逐渐积累,如蚁垤增长。


这样聚集财富的在家人,

应当将财富分为四份,这样他就能结交朋友。


一份用于享用,两份用于营业,

第四份要储存,以防不时之需。"


【六方礼敬】


"居士子,圣弟子应当如何作为六方的保护者呢?居士子,应当了知这六方:东方是父母,南方是师长,西方是妻子,北方是朋友和同事,下方是仆人和雇工,上方是沙门和婆罗门。


"居士子,子女应当从这五个方面对待东方的父母:

- '我曾受养育,我将赡养他们'

- '我将为他们办事'

- '我将延续家族'

- '我将守护遗产'

- '他们去世后,我将为他们做功德'

从这五个方面,子女应当对待东方的父母。父母也从五个方面关爱子女:

- 劝阻作恶

- 鼓励行善

- 教导技能

- 为其安排适当的婚姻

- 适时给予遗产

这样,东方就得到了保护,变得安全无危险。


"居士子啊,弟子应当以五种方式侍奉师长,视其为南方:以起身相迎、以恭敬服侍、以乐于听闻、以亲身照料、以恭敬学习技艺。居士子啊,当弟子以这五种方式侍奉师长时,师长也会以五种方式怜悯弟子:教导良好的品行、确保他们充分理解所学、传授一切技艺、在朋友和同僚间介绍、在各方面给予保护。居士子啊,当弟子以这五种方式侍奉师长,师长也以这五种方式怜悯弟子时,这南方就得到了守护,变得安全无畏。


"居士子啊,丈夫应当以五种方式对待妻子,视其为西方:以尊重、不轻视、不不贞、给予管理权、赠送装饰品。居士子啊,当丈夫以这五种方式对待妻子时,妻子也会以五种方式关爱丈夫:把家务安排妥当、善待家中人员、不不贞、保护积蓄、做事能干勤劳。居士子啊,当丈夫以这五种方式对待妻子,妻子也以这五种方式关爱丈夫时,这西方就得到了守护,变得安全无畏。


"居士子啊,善男子应当以五种方式对待朋友,视其为北方:以布施、以爱语、以利行、以同甘共苦、以诚实不欺。居士子啊,当善男子以这五种方式对待朋友时,朋友也会以五种方式关爱善男子:保护他当他不谨慎时、保护他的财产当他疏忽时、成为他恐惧时的庇护、在困难时不离弃、尊重他的后代。居士子啊,当善男子以这五种方式对待朋友,朋友也以这五种方式关爱善男子时,这北方就得到了守护,变得安全无畏。


"居士子啊,主人应当以五种方式对待仆人和工人,视其为下方:按其能力分配工作、供给饮食和工资、照料其病痛、分享特殊美味、适时给予休假。居士子啊,当主人以这五种方式对待仆人和工人时,他们也会以五种方式关爱主人:早起、迟睡、只取所给、做事认真、传扬主人声誉。居士子啊,当主人以这五种方式对待仆人和工人,他们也以这五种方式关爱主人时,这下方就得到了守护,变得安全无畏。


"居士子啊,善男子应当以五种方式对待沙门婆罗门,视其为上方:以慈爱的身业、以慈爱的语业、以慈爱的意业、不关闭门户、供养所需物品。居士子啊,当善男子以这五种方式对待沙门婆罗门时,他们也会以六种方式关爱善男子:使之远离恶行、引导向善、以善意怜悯、教导未闻法、净化已闻法、指示天界之道。居士子啊,当善男子以这五种方式对待沙门婆罗门,他们也以这六种方式关爱善男子时,这上方就得到了守护,变得安全无畏。"


世尊说完这些话后,又用偈颂总结道:


"父母为东方,师长为南方,

妻子为西方,朋友为北方。

仆人居下方,沙门在上方,

善待这六方,居士得安康。


智者具戒德,温和有智慧,

谦逊不傲慢,如是得名声。

勤勉不懒惰,困厄不动摇,

行为无缺失,如是得名声。

亲善结友缘,慷慨无悭吝,

善为诸事导,如是得名声。


布施与爱语,利行与同事,

此等摄众事,如车之轴行。

若无此摄事,父母因其子,

不得有尊敬,亦无人称赞。

智者善观察,此等摄众事,

是故得尊大,为人所赞叹。"


最后,辛伽罗迦居士子对世尊说:"善哉,世尊!善哉,世尊!犹如使倒者得起,使蔽者见光,为迷者指路,暗中持灯使有眼者得见诸色。世尊以种种方便开示教法亦复如是。世尊,我今归依佛、归依法、归依僧。愿世尊摄受我为优婆塞,从今日起终身归依。"


《教化辛伽罗经》第八完。


巴利语原版经文


DN.31/(8) Siṅgālasuttaṃ

   242. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena siṅgālako gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassati– puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ.

   243. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavatthaṃ allakesaṃ pañjalikaṃ puthudisā namassantaṃ– puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ. Disvā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca– “kiṃ nu kho tvaṃ, gahapatiputta, kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassasi– puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disan”ti? “Pitā maṃ, bhante, kālaṃ karonto evaṃ avaca– ‘disā, tāta, namasseyyāsī’ti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, pituvacanaṃ sakkaronto garuṃ karonto mānento pūjento kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassāmi– puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disan”ti.

Cha disā

   244. “Na kho, gahapatiputta, ariyassa vinaye evaṃ cha disā namassitabbā”ti. “Yathā kathaṃ pana, bhante, ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā? Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā dhammaṃ desetu, yathā ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā”ti.

   “Tena hi, gahapatiputta suṇohi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca–

   “Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvakassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti, catūhi ca ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti, cha ca bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati, so evaṃ cuddasa pāpakāpagato chaddisāpaṭicchādī ubholokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti. Tassa ayañceva loko āraddho hoti paro ca loko. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.

Cattārokammakilesā

   245. “Katamassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti? Pāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṃ kammakileso, kāmesumicchācāro kammakileso, musāvādo kammakileso. Imassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā hontī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

   “Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ, musāvādo ca vuccati;

   Paradāragamanañceva, nappasaṃsanti paṇḍitā”ti.

Catuṭṭhānaṃ

   246. “Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti? Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti. Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako neva chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati; imehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karotī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

   “Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ ativattati;

   Nihīyati yaso tassa, kāḷapakkheva candimā.

   “Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ nātivattati;

   Āpūrati yaso tassa, sukkapakkheva candimā”ti.

Cha apāyamukhāni

   247. “Katamāni cha bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati? Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo kho, gahapatiputta, bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, vikālavisikhācariyānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, samajjābhicaraṇaṃ bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, pāpamittānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, ālasyānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ.

Surāmerayassa cha ādīnavā

   248. “Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamāda-ṭṭhānānuyoge. Sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, kalahappavaḍḍhanī, rogānaṃ āyatanaṃ, akittisañjananī, kopīnanidaṃsanī paññāya dubbalikaraṇītveva chaṭṭhaṃ padaṃ bhavati. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.

Vikālacariyāya cha ādīnavā

   249. “Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge. Attāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyaṃpissa aguttaṃ arakkhitaṃ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu, abhūtavacanañca tasmiṃ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṃ purakkhato hoti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.

Samajjābhicaraṇassa cha ādīnavā

   250. “Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe. Kva naccaṃ, kva gītaṃ, kva vāditaṃ, kva akkhānaṃ, kva pāṇissaraṃ, kva kumbhathunanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.

Jūtappamādassa cha ādīnavā

   251. “Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Jayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, jino vittamanusocati, sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, sabhāgatassa vacanaṃ na rūhati, mittāmaccānaṃ paribhūto hoti, āvāhavivāhakānaṃ apatthito hoti– ‘akkhadhutto ayaṃ purisapuggalo nālaṃ dārabharaṇāyā’ti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.

Pāpamittatāya cha ādīnavā

   252. “Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge. Ye dhuttā, ye soṇḍā, ye pipāsā, ye nekatikā, ye vañcanikā, ye sāhasikā. Tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.

Ālasyassa cha ādīnavā

   253. “Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge. Atisītanti kammaṃ na karoti, ati-uṇhanti kammaṃ na karoti, atisāyanti kammaṃ na karoti, atipātoti kammaṃ na karoti, atichātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti, atidhātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti. Tassa evaṃ kiccāpadesabahulassa viharato anuppannā ceva bhogā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

   “Hoti pānasakhā nāma, hoti sammiyasammiyo.

   Yo ca atthesu jātesu, sahāyo hoti so sakhā.

   “Ussūraseyyā paradārasevanā, verappasavo ca anatthatā ca.

   Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca, ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.

   “Pāpamitto pāpasakho, pāpa-ācāragocaro.

   Asmā lokā paramhā ca, ubhayā dhaṃsate naro.

   “Akkhitthiyo vāruṇī naccagītaṃ, divā soppaṃ pāricariyā akāle.

   Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca, ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.

   “Akkhehi dibbanti suraṃ pivanti, yantitthiyo pāṇasamā paresaṃ.

   Nihīnasevī na ca vuddhasevī, nihīyate kāḷapakkheva cando.

   “Yo vāruṇī addhano akiñcano, pipāso pivaṃ papāgato.

   Udakamiva iṇaṃ vigāhati, akulaṃ kāhiti khippamattano.

   “Na divā soppasīlena, rattimuṭṭhānadessinā.

   Niccaṃ mattena soṇḍena, sakkā āvasituṃ gharaṃ.

   “Atisītaṃ ati-uṇhaṃ, atisāyamidaṃ ahu;

   Iti vissaṭṭhakammante, atthā accenti māṇave.

   “Yodha sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;

   Karaṃ purisakiccāni, so sukhaṃ na vihāyatī”ti.

Mittapatirūpakā

   254. “Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā. Aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.

   255. “Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.

   “Aññadatthuharo hoti, appena bahumicchati

   Bhayassa kiccaṃ karoti, sevati atthakāraṇā.

   “Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.

   256. “Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Atītena paṭisantharati, anāgatena paṭisantharati, niratthakena saṅgaṇhāti, paccuppannesu kiccesu byasanaṃ dasseti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.

   257. “Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Pāpakaṃpissa anujānāti, kalyāṇaṃpissa anujānāti, sammukhāssa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, parammukhāssa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.

   258. “Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo Surāmeraya majjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti, vikāla visikhā cariyānuyoge sahāyo hoti, samajjābhicaraṇe sahāyo hoti, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo”ti.

   259. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

   “Aññadatthuharo mitto, yo ca mitto vacīparo;

   Anuppiyañca yo āha, apāyesu ca yo sakhā.

   Ete amitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;

   Ārakā parivajjeyya, maggaṃ paṭibhayaṃ yathā”ti.

Suhadamitto

   260. “Cattārome gahapatiputta, mittā suhadā veditabbā. Upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.

   261. “Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo. Pamattaṃ rakkhati, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhati, bhītassa saraṇaṃ hoti, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu taddiguṇaṃ bhogaṃ anuppadeti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.

   262. “Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo. Guyhamassa ācikkhati, guyhamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitaṃpissa atthāya pariccattaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.

   263. “Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo. Pāpā nivāreti, kalyāṇe niveseti, assutaṃ sāveti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.

   264. “Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo. Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, avaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ nivāreti, vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ pasaṃsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo”ti.

   265. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

   “Upakāro ca yo mitto, sukhe dukkhe ca yo sakhā.

   Atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto, yo ca mittānukampako.

   “Etepi mitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;

   Sakkaccaṃ payirupāseyya, mātā puttaṃ va orasaṃ.

   Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, jalaṃ aggīva bhāsati.

   “Bhoge saṃharamānassa, bhamarasseva irīyato;

   Bhogā sannicayaṃ yanti, vammikovupacīyati.

   “Evaṃ bhoge samāhatvā, alamatto kule gihī;

   Catudhā vibhaje bhoge, sa ve mittāni ganthati.

   “Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye;

   Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī”ti.

Chaddisāpaṭicchādanakaṇḍaṃ

   266. “Kathañca, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako chaddisāpaṭicchādī hoti? Cha imā, gahapatiputta, disā veditabbā. Puratthimā disā mātāpitaro veditabbā, dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā veditabbā, pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā, uttarā disā mittāmaccā veditabbā, heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā veditabbā, uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā veditabbā.

   267. “Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā– bhato ne bharissāmi, kiccaṃ nesaṃ karissāmi, kulavaṃsaṃ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjāmi, atha vā pana petānaṃ kālaṅkatānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ anuppadassāmīti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṃ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṃyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṃ niyyādenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā puratthimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.

   268. “Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā– uṭṭhānena upaṭṭhānena sussusāya pāricariyāya sakkaccaṃ sippapaṭiggahaṇena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti– suvinītaṃ vinenti, suggahitaṃ gāhāpenti, sabbasippassutaṃ samakkhāyino bhavanti, mittāmaccesu paṭiyādenti, disāsu parittāṇaṃ karonti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā dakkhiṇā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.

   269. “Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā– sammānanāya anavamānanāya anaticariyāya issariyavossaggena alaṅkārānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati– susaṃvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesu. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati. Evamassa esā pacchimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.

   270. “Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhātabbā– dānena peyyavajjena atthacariyāya samānattatāya avisaṃvādanatāya. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti– pamattaṃ rakkhanti, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhanti, bhītassa saraṇaṃ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa paṭipūjenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uttarā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.

   271. “Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhātabbā– yathābalaṃ kammantasaṃvidhānena bhattavetanānuppadānena gilānupaṭṭhānena acchariyānaṃ rasānaṃ saṃvibhāgena samaye vossaggena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti– pubbuṭṭhāyino ca honti, pacchā nipātino ca, dinnādāyino ca, sukatakammakarā ca, kittivaṇṇaharā ca. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā heṭṭhimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.

   272. “Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhātabbā– mettena kāyakammena mettena vacīkammena mettena manokammena anāvaṭadvāratāya āmisānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti– pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti, assutaṃ sāventi, sutaṃ pariyodāpenti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhanti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uparimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā”ti.

   273. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā–

   “Mātāpitā disā pubbā, ācariyā dakkhiṇā disā;

   Puttadārā disā pacchā, mittāmaccā ca uttarā.

   “Dāsakammakarā heṭṭhā, uddhaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇā;

   Etā disā namasseyya, alamatto kule gihī.

   “Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, saṇho ca paṭibhānavā;

   Nivātavutti atthaddho, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.

   “Uṭṭhānako analaso, āpadāsu na vedhati;

   Acchinnavutti medhāvī, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.

   “Saṅgāhako mittakaro, vadaññū vītamaccharo;

   Netā vinetā anunetā, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.

   “Dānañca peyyavajjañca, atthacariyā ca yā idha;

   Samānattatā ca dhammesu, tattha tattha yathārahaṃ.

   Ete kho saṅgahā loke, rathassāṇīva yāyato.

   “Ete ca saṅgahā nāssu, na mātā puttakāraṇā;

   Labhetha mānaṃ pūjaṃ vā, pitā vā puttakāraṇā.

   “Yasmā ca saṅgahā ete, sammapekkhanti paṇḍitā.

   Tasmā mahattaṃ papponti, pāsaṃsā ca bhavanti te”ti.

   274. Evaṃ vutte, siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti. Evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṃghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti.

   Siṅgālasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.


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