相应部3相应25经 山喻经
相应部3相应25经/山喻经(憍萨罗相应/有偈篇/祇夜)
舍卫城。世尊对坐在一旁的拘萨罗国王波斯匿说道:
"大王,请问你这大白天的从哪里来?"
"尊者,作为一个灌顶王族,我们这些沉醉于权力、被欲望缠身、统治着广大国土的国王,有许多政务要处理。我现在就是在处理这些事务。"
"大王,你觉得如何?假如有一个来自东方的可信可靠的人来到你这里说:'大王请注意,我从东方来,在那里看见一座巨大的山,像乌云一样压过来,碾压所有生命。大王,你该做什么就赶快做吧。'然后第二个人从西方来...第三个人从北方来...第四个人从南方来,都是可信可靠的人,他来对你说:'大王请注意,我从南方来,在那里看见一座巨大的山,像乌云一样压过来,碾压所有生命。大王,你该做什么就赶快做吧。'大王,面对这样巨大可怕的危险,在人命如此脆弱难得的时候,你觉得应该做什么?"
"尊者,面对这样巨大可怕的危险,在人命如此脆弱难得的时候,除了修习正法、保持平等心、行善积福,还能做什么呢?"
"大王,我告诉你,我向你宣告:衰老和死亡正在向你逼近。当衰老和死亡向你逼近时,你觉得应该做什么?"
"尊者,当衰老和死亡向我逼近时,除了修习正法、保持平等心、行善积福,还能做什么呢?那些灌顶王族虽有象军,但在衰老死亡面前毫无用处;虽有马军...战车...步兵,但在衰老死亡面前也毫无用处。我朝中虽有能用谋略击退敌人的大臣,但在衰老死亡面前也毫无用处。王宫中虽有堆积如山的金银财宝,可以贿赂敌人,但在衰老死亡面前也毫无用处。当衰老和死亡向我逼近时,除了修习正法、保持平等心、行善积福,还能做什么呢?"
"正是如此,大王!正是如此!当衰老死亡逼近时,除了修习正法、保持平等心、行善积福,还能做什么呢?"世尊说完后,又说偈颂:
"就像巨大的岩山,高耸入云,
从四面八方压迫而来。
衰老和死亡也是如此,压迫着众生,
不论是王族、婆罗门、吠舍、首陀罗,还是旃陀罗和贱民,
没有一个能逃脱,一切都要被碾压。
在那里象军无用,战车步兵也无用,
用谋略或财富都无法战胜。
因此智者为了自己的利益,
应当坚定地信仰佛法僧。
谁能以身语意修习正法,
现世受人赞叹,来世生天快乐。"
巴利语原版经文
SN.3.25/(5). Pabbatūpamasuttaṃ
136. Sāvatthinidānaṃ Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ bhagavā etadavoca– “handa, kuto nu tvaṃ, mahārāja, āgacchasi divā divassā”ti? “Yāni tāni, bhante, raññaṃ khattiyānaṃ muddhāvasittānaṃ issariyamadamattānaṃ kāmagedhapariyuṭṭhitānaṃ janapadatthāvariyappattānaṃ mahantaṃ pathavimaṇḍalaṃ abhivijiya ajjhāvasantānaṃ rājakaraṇīyāni bhavanti, tesu khvāhaṃ, etarahi ussukkamāpanno”ti.
“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, idha te puriso āgaccheyya puratthimāya disāya saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya– ‘yagghe, mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṃ āgacchāmi puratthimāya disāya. Tatthaddasaṃ mahantaṃ pabbataṃ abbhasamaṃ sabbe pāṇe nippothento āgacchati. Yaṃ te, mahārāja, karaṇīyaṃ, taṃ karohī’ti. Atha dutiyo puriso āgaccheyya pacchimāya disāya …pe… atha tatiyo puriso āgaccheyya uttarāya disāya …pe… atha catuttho puriso āgaccheyya dakkhiṇāya disāya saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya– ‘yagghe mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṃ āgacchāmi dakkhiṇāya disāya. Tatthaddasaṃ mahantaṃ pabbataṃ abbhasamaṃ sabbe pāṇe nippothento āgacchati. Yaṃ te, mahārāja, karaṇīyaṃ taṃ karohī’ti. Evarūpe te, mahārāja, mahati mahabbhaye samuppanne dāruṇe manussakkhaye dullabhe manussatte kimassa karaṇīyan”ti?
“Evarūpe me, bhante, mahati mahabbhaye samuppanne dāruṇe manussakkhaye dullabhe manussatte kimassa karaṇīyaṃ aññatra dhammacariyāya aññatra samacariyāya aññatra kusalakiriyāya aññatra puññakiriyāyā”ti?
“Ārocemi kho te, mahārāja, paṭivedemi kho te, mahārāja, adhivattati kho taṃ, mahārāja, jarāmaraṇaṃ. Adhivattamāne ce te, mahārāja, jarāmaraṇe kimassa karaṇīyan”ti? “Adhivattamāne ca me, bhante, jarāmaraṇe kimassa karaṇīyaṃ aññatra dhammacariyāya samacariyāya kusalakiriyāya puññakiriyāya? Yāni tāni, bhante, raññaṃ khattiyānaṃ muddhāvasittānaṃ issariyamadamattānaṃ kāmagedhapariyuṭṭhitānaṃ janapadatthāvariyappattānaṃ mahantaṃ pathavimaṇḍalaṃ abhivijiya ajjhāvasantānaṃ hatthiyuddhāni bhavanti; tesampi, bhante, hatthiyuddhānaṃ natthi gati natthi visayo adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe. Yānipi tāni, bhante, raññaṃ khattiyānaṃ muddhāvasittānaṃ …pe… ajjhāvasantānaṃ assayuddhāni bhavanti …pe… rathayuddhāni bhavanti …pe… pattiyuddhāni bhavanti; tesampi bhante, pattiyuddhānaṃ natthi gati natthi visayo adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe. Santi kho pana, bhante, imasmiṃ rājakule mantino mahāmattā, ye pahonti āgate paccatthike mantehi bhedayituṃ. Tesampi, bhante, mantayuddhānaṃ natthi gati natthi visayo adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe. Saṃvijjati kho pana, bhante, imasmiṃ rājakule pahūtaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ bhūmigatañceva vehāsaṭṭhañca, yena mayaṃ pahoma āgate paccatthike dhanena upalāpetuṃ. Tesampi, bhante, dhanayuddhānaṃ natthi gati natthi visayo adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe. Adhivattamāne ca me, bhante, jarāmaraṇe kimassa karaṇīyaṃ aññatra dhammacariyāya samacariyāya kusalakiriyāya puññakiriyāyā”ti?
“Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja! Adhivattamāne jarāmaraṇe kimassa karaṇīyaṃ aññatra dhammacariyāya samacariyāya kusalakiriyāya puññakiriyāyā”ti? Idamavoca bhagavā …pe… satthā–
“Yathāpi selā vipulā, nabhaṃ āhacca pabbatā;
Samantānupariyāyeyyuṃ, nippothento catuddisā.
“Evaṃ jarā ca maccu ca, adhivattanti pāṇine.
Khattiye brāhmaṇe vesse, sudde caṇḍālapukkuse.
Na kiñci parivajjeti, sabbamevābhimaddati.
“Na tattha hatthīnaṃ bhūmi, na rathānaṃ na pattiyā;
Na cāpi mantayuddhena, sakkā jetuṃ dhanena vā.
“Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano;
Buddhe dhamme ca saṅghe ca, dhīro saddhaṃ nivesaye.
“Yo dhammaṃ cari kāyena, vācāya uda cetasā;
Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī”ti.
Tatiyo vaggo.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Puggalo ayyikā loko, issattaṃ pabbatūpamā;
Desitaṃ buddhaseṭṭhena, imaṃ kosalapañcakanti.
Kosalasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.