中部42经/韦兰扎卡经(双小品[5])

我这样听说：有一次，世尊住在舍卫城，在给孤独园中。当时，韦兰扎城的婆罗门居士们因为某些事务正在舍卫城停留。

他们听说："释迦族的释迦子出家人果然在舍卫城的给孤独园中。关于这位乔达摩先生，已经有了如此美好的名声流传开来：'他确实是应供、正等正觉、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。他亲自证悟并宣说了这个有天神、魔王、梵天的世界，以及沙门、婆罗门、国王、平民的社会。他教导的法义初善、中善、后善，有意义且表达得恰到好处；他阐明了完整、清净且圆满的梵行（梵行解释：清净的修行，一般指修行八正道）。'看到这样的阿罗汉确实是很好的。"

于是，韦兰扎城的婆罗门居士们前往世尊处。到了之后，有些人向世尊顶礼，然后坐在一旁；有些人与世尊亲切问候，寒暄过后坐在一旁；有些人向世尊合掌致意后坐在一旁；有些人在世尊面前报上名字和姓氏后坐在一旁；有些人保持沉默坐在一旁。

坐定后，他们对世尊说："乔达摩先生，是什么原因、什么条件导致某些众生在身体破坏、死后堕入苦难、恶趣、地狱？又是什么原因、什么条件导致某些众生在身体破坏、死后升入善趣、天界？"

世尊回答："居士们，因为不正当行为和邪恶行为，某些众生在身体破坏、死后堕入苦难、恶趣、地狱。因为正当行为和正直行为，某些众生在身体破坏、死后升入善趣、天界。"

他们说："我们无法从世尊简略的说明中理解其中的详细意义。请世尊以详细的方式解说，让我们能够理解。"

世尊说："那么请仔细听，我将为你们解说。"

他们回答："是的，尊者。"

世尊说："居士们，一个人可以通过三种方式以身体犯下不正当和邪恶的行为，通过四种方式以语言犯下不正当和邪恶的行为，通过三种方式以意念犯下不正当和邪恶的行为。

"什么是以身体犯下三种不正当和邪恶的行为？有人：

杀生：残忍、血腥、充满暴力，不怜悯众生。

偷盗：拿取他人不给予的财物。

性不正行：与不应该发生性关系的对象发生性关系。

"什么是以语言犯下四种不正当和邪恶的行为？有人：

说谎：故意在正式场合说假话。

两舌：挑拨离间。

恶口：说粗鲁、刻薄的话。

无意义的闲聊：在不恰当的时间说无意义的话。

"什么是以意念犯下三种不正当和邪恶的行为？有人：

贪婪：渴望他人的财产。

怀恶意：希望他人受苦。

邪见：否认因果和道德律。

"正是因为这些不正当和邪恶的行为，某些众生在身体破坏、死后堕入苦难、恶趣、地狱。

"居士们，一个人可以通过三种方式以身体行正当和正直的行为，通过四种方式以语言行正当和正直的行为，通过三种方式以意念行正当和正直的行为。

"以身体行正当和正直的行为是指：

不杀生：保护众生，充满慈悲。

不偷盗：尊重他人财产。

不邪淫：尊重性关系的道德界限。

"以语言行正当和正直的行为是指：

不说谎：诚实。

不两舌：促进和谐。

不恶口：说善意的话。

有意义地交谈：在适当的时间说有意义的话。

"以意念行正当和正直的行为是指：

不贪婪：心中没有对他人财产的欲望。

慈悲：希望众生幸福。

正见：相信因果和道德律。

"正是因为这些正当和正直的行为，某些众生在身体破坏、死后升入善趣、天界。

"居士们，如果一个行正当和正直行为的人希望：'愿我死后能与王族精英一同投生'，这是可能的，因为他行正当和正直。

"同样，如果他希望与婆罗门或居士精英一同投生，这也是可能的。

"他还可能投生到：

- 四大天王天

- 三十三天

- 夜摩天

- 兜率天

- 化乐天

- 他化自在天

- 梵天

- 光天

- 无量光天

- 光音天

- 少净天

- 无量净天

- 净天

- 无烦天

- 无热天

- 善现天

- 善见天

- 色究竟天

- 乃至非想非非想处天

"更重要的是，如果他希望在现世就证得无漏的心解脱和慧解脱，这也是可能的，因为他行正当和正直。"

听完这番开示，韦兰扎城的婆罗门居士们赞叹道："太精彩了，乔达摩先生！就像能够扶正翻倒的东西，揭开遮蔽的面纱，为迷路者指明道路，在黑暗中点燃明灯，让有眼者得以看清。世尊以多种方式阐明了法义。我们现在皈依世尊、法和僧伽。请世尊接纳我们为优婆塞，从今日起，直到生命终止。"

韦兰扎经到此结束。

巴利语原版经文

MN.42/(2) Verañjakasuttaṃ

　　 444. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Assosuṃ kho verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā– “samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato– ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ; kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti’. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī”ti.

　　 Atha kho verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavato santike nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “ko nu kho, bho gotama, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti? Ko pana, bho gotama, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī”ti?

　　 “Adhammacariyāvisamacariyāhetu kho, gahapatayo, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti. Dhammacariyāsamacariyāhetu kho, gahapatayo evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī”ti.

　　 “Na kho mayaṃ imassa bhoto gotamassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa, vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa, vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāma. Sādhu no bhavaṃ gotamo tathā dhammaṃ desetu yathā mayaṃ imassa bhoto gotamassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa, vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa, vitthārena atthaṃ ājāneyyāmā”ti. “Tena hi, gahapatayo, suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ bho”ti kho verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 445. “Tividhaṃ kho, gahapatayo, kāyena adhammacārī visamacārī hoti, catubbidhaṃ vācāya adhammacārī visamacārī hoti, tividhaṃ manasā adhammacārī visamacārī hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, gahapatayo tividhaṃ kāyena adhammacārī visamacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco pāṇātipātī hoti. Luddo lohitapāṇi hatappahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesu. Adinnādāyī kho pana hoti. Yaṃ taṃ parassa paravittūpakaraṇaṃ… taṃ adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādātā hoti. Kāmesumicchācārī kho pana hoti. Yā tā māturakkhitā… tathārūpāsu cārittaṃ āpajjitā hoti. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ kāyena adhammacārī visamacārī hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, gahapatayo, catubbidhaṃ vācāya adhammacārī visamacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco musāvādī hoti. Sabhāgato vā… sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti. Pisuṇavāco kho pana hoti. Ito sutvā amutra akkhātā… vaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Pharusavāco kho pana hoti. Yā sā vācā aṇḍakā kakkasā… tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Samphappalāpī kho pana hoti. Akālavādī… apariyantavatiṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, catubbidhaṃ vācāya adhammacārī visamacārī hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ manasā adhammacārī visamacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco abhijjhālu hoti …pe… taṃ mamassā’ti. Byāpannacitto kho pana hoti paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo– ime sattā haññantu vā… mā vā ahesun’ti. Micchādiṭṭhiko kho pana hoti viparītadassano– ‘natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ… sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ manasā adhammacārī visamacārī hoti.

　　 “Evaṃ adhammacariyāvisamacariyāhetu kho, gahapatayo, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti.

　　 446. “Tividhaṃ kho, gahapatayo, kāyena dhammacārī samacārī hoti, catubbidhaṃ vācāya dhammacārī samacārī hoti, tividhaṃ manasā dhammacārī samacārī hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ kāyena dhammacārī samacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati. Adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, yaṃ taṃ parassa… taṃ nādinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādātā hoti. Kāmesumicchācāraṃ pahāya… tathārūpāsu na cārittaṃ āpajjitā hoti. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ kāyena dhammacārī samacārī hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, gahapatayo, catubbidhaṃ vācāya dhammacārī samacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti. Sabhāgato vā …pe… na sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti. Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya… samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya… tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti. Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya… kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, catubbidhaṃ vācāya dhammacārī samacārī hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ manasā dhammacārī samacārī hoti? Idha, gahapatayo, ekacco anabhijjhālu hoti. Yaṃ taṃ parassa paravittūpakaraṇaṃ taṃ nābhijjhātā hoti ‘aho vata yaṃ parassa, taṃ mamassā’ti. Abyāpannacitto kho pana hoti appaduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo – ‘ime sattā averā abyābajjhā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantū’ti. Sammādiṭṭhiko kho pana hoti aviparītadassano– ‘atthi dinnaṃ, atthi yiṭṭhaṃ… sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. Evaṃ kho, gahapatayo, tividhaṃ manasā dhammacārī samacārī hoti.

　　 “Evaṃ dhammacariyāsamacariyāhetu kho, gahapatayo, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti.

　　 447. “Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.

　　 “Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā brāhmaṇamahāsālānaṃ gahapatimahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā gahapatimahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.

　　 “Ākaṅkeyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.

　　 “Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ… yāmānaṃ devānaṃ… tusitānaṃ devānaṃ… nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ… paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ… brahmakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā brahmakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.

　　 “Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā ābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā ābhānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.

　　 “Ākaṅkheyya ce, gahapatayo, dhammacārī samacārī ‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parittābhānaṃ devānaṃ …pe… appamāṇābhānaṃ devānaṃ… ābhassarānaṃ devānaṃ… parittasubhānaṃ devānaṃ… appamāṇasubhānaṃ devānaṃ… subhakiṇhānaṃ devānaṃ vehapphalānaṃ devānaṃ… avihānaṃ devānaṃ… atappānaṃ devānaṃ… sudassānaṃ devānaṃ… sudassīnaṃ devānaṃ… akaniṭṭhānaṃ devānaṃ… ākāsānañcāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ… viññāṇañcāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ… ākiñcaññāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanūpagānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī.

　　 “Ākaṅkheyya ce gahapatayo dhammacārī samacārī– ‘aho vatāhaṃ āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyyan’ti; ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, ‘yaṃ so āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so dhammacārī samacārī’”ti.

　　 448. Evaṃ vutte, verañjakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ bho gotama! Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Ete mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsake no bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupete saraṇaṃ gate”ti.

　　 Verañjakasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.