有一时，世尊住在王舍城竹林精舍迦兰陀竹园。当时，尊者瓦卡利身患重病，卧于陶师家中。瓦卡利对侍者们说："贤友们，请去世尊那里，到了之后，以我的名义顶礼世尊双足，说：'世尊，比丘瓦卡利病重痛苦，他顶礼世尊双足。'并请说：'善哉，请世尊慈悲，前往探望比丘瓦卡利。'"

侍者们应诺说："是的，贤友。"便前往世尊处。到达后，向世尊礼敬，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的比丘们对世尊说："世尊，比丘瓦卡利病重痛苦，他顶礼世尊双足，并说：'善哉，请世尊慈悲，前往探望比丘瓦卡利。'"世尊默然应允。

于是世尊着衣持钵，前往瓦卡利处。瓦卡利远远看见世尊来访，想从床上起身。世尊说："够了，瓦卡利，不要从床上起身。这里有座位，我就坐在这里。"世尊坐在准备好的座位上后问道："瓦卡利，你还能忍受吗？能维持吗？痛苦有减轻吗？是在减轻而不是加重吗？"

瓦卡利回答："世尊，我不能忍受，不能维持。剧烈的痛苦在增加而不是减轻，看来是在加重而不是减轻。"

"瓦卡利，你有什么悔恨或后悔吗？"

"世尊，我确实有很多悔恨和后悔。"

"你的内心对戒律有谴责吗？"

"世尊，我的内心对戒律没有谴责。"

"瓦卡利，如果你对戒律没有自责，那你为什么有悔恨和后悔呢？"

"世尊，长久以来我想来见世尊，但身体实在没有力气来见世尊。"

"够了，瓦卡利，见这个污秽的色身有什么用？见法者即见我，见我者即见法。瓦卡利，见法即是见我，见我即是见法。"

"瓦卡利，你怎么想？色是常还是无常？"

"是无常，世尊。"

"无常的是苦还是乐？"

"是苦，世尊。"

"对于无常、苦、变异之法，是否适合认为'这是我的，这是我，这是我的自我'？"

"不适合，世尊。"

"受、想、行、识是常还是无常？"

"是无常，世尊。"（中略）"这不是我的自我。"

"因此（中略）如是见（中略）不再有后有。"

世尊给予瓦卡利这个教诫后，起座往灵鹫山去。瓦卡利在世尊离开后不久对侍者说："贤友们，请抬我到仙人山黑石。像我这样的人怎能在屋内命终呢？"侍者们应诺说："是的，贤友。"就抬着瓦卡利往仙人山黑石去。

那时世尊在灵鹫山度过了那夜和剩余的白天。深夜时分，有两位容色殊胜的天神照亮整个灵鹫山，来到世尊处，站在一旁。站在一旁的一位天神对世尊说："世尊，比丘瓦卡利正在寻求解脱。"另一位天神说："世尊，他必定会完全解脱。"天神们说完这些话后，礼敬世尊，右绕后消失不见。

夜过后，世尊告诉比丘们："来吧，比丘们，去瓦卡利比丘那里，告诉他：'贤友瓦卡利，请听世尊和两位天神的话。昨夜，两位容色殊胜的天神照亮整个灵鹫山，来到世尊处，礼敬世尊后站在一旁。站在一旁的一位天神对世尊说：世尊，比丘瓦卡利正在寻求解脱。另一位天神对世尊说：世尊，他必定会完全解脱。世尊对你说：瓦卡利，不要害怕！瓦卡利，不要害怕！你的死亡将是无过失的，你的命终将是无过失的。'"

比丘们应诺说："是的，世尊。"就去见瓦卡利，对瓦卡利说："贤友瓦卡利，请听世尊和两位天神的话。"

瓦卡利对侍者说："贤友们，请把我从床上扶下来。像我这样的人怎能坐在高处听世尊的教诲呢？"侍者们应诺说："是的，贤友。"就把瓦卡利从床上扶下来。

"昨夜，两位天神在深夜时分（中略）站在一旁。站在一旁的一位天神对世尊说：'世尊，比丘瓦卡利正在寻求解脱。'另一位天神对世尊说：'世尊，他必定会完全解脱。'世尊对你说：'瓦卡利，不要害怕！瓦卡利，不要害怕！你的死亡将是无过失的，你的命终将是无过失的。'"

瓦卡利说："那么贤友们，请以我的名义顶礼世尊双足，说：'世尊，比丘瓦卡利病重痛苦，他顶礼世尊双足。'并说：'色是无常的。世尊，我对此毫不怀疑。对于无常即是苦这点我没有疑惑。对于无常、苦、变异之法，我对此没有欲望、贪染或爱着，我对此毫不怀疑。受是无常的。世尊，我对此毫不怀疑。对于无常即是苦这点我没有疑惑。对于无常、苦、变异之法，我对此没有欲望、贪染或爱着，我对此毫不怀疑。想...行...识是无常的。世尊，我对此毫不怀疑。对于无常即是苦这点我没有疑惑。对于无常、苦、变异之法，我对此没有欲望、贪染或爱着，我对此毫不怀疑。'"

比丘们应诺说："是的，贤友。"后离开。瓦卡利在比丘们离开后不久自尽。

那些比丘回到世尊处，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的比丘们对世尊说："世尊，比丘瓦卡利病重痛苦，他顶礼世尊双足，并说：'色是无常的。世尊，我对此毫不怀疑。对于无常即是苦这点我没有疑惑。对于无常、苦、变异之法，我对此没有欲望、贪染或爱着，我对此毫不怀疑。受...想...行...识是无常的。世尊，我对此毫不怀疑。对于无常即是苦这点我没有疑惑。对于无常、苦、变异之法，我对此没有欲望、贪染或爱着，我对此毫不怀疑。'"

于是世尊对比丘们说："比丘们，让我们去仙人山黑石，看看善男子瓦卡利自尽的地方。"比丘们应诺说："是的，世尊。"世尊与众多比丘前往仙人山黑石。世尊远远地看见瓦卡利仰卧在床上。

那时，有烟雾和黑暗向东方移动，向西方移动，向北方移动，向南方移动，向上方移动，向下方移动，向四维移动。世尊告诉比丘们："比丘们，你们看见那烟雾和黑暗向各方移动吗？"

"是的，世尊。"

"比丘们，那是恶魔波旬在寻找瓦卡利善男子的识：'瓦卡利善男子的识安住在哪里？'比丘们，瓦卡利善男子以无所依的识已般涅槃。"

第五经终。

巴利语原版经文

SN.22.87/(5). Vakkalisuttaṃ

　　 87. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā vakkali kumbhakāranivesane viharati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho āyasmā vakkali upaṭṭhāke āmantesi– “etha tumhe, āvuso, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha– ‘vakkali, bhante, bhikkhu ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno, so bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’ti. Evañca vadetha– ‘sādhu kira, bhante, bhagavā yena vakkali bhikkhu tenupasaṅkamatu; anukampaṃ upādāyā’”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato vakkalissa paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “vakkali, bhante, bhikkhu ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno, so bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati; evañca pana vadeti– ‘sādhu kira, bhante, bhagavā yena vakkali bhikkhu tenupasaṅkamatu; anukampaṃ upādāyā’”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yenāyasmā vakkali tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho āyasmā vakkali bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna mañcake samadhosi. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ vakkaliṃ etadavoca– “alaṃ, vakkali, mā tvaṃ mañcake samadhosi. Santimāni āsanāni paññattāni; tatthāhaṃ nisīdissāmī”ti. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ vakkaliṃ etadavoca– “kacci te, vakkali, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo”ti? “Na me, bhante, khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ; bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo”ti. “Kacci te, vakkali, na kiñci kukkuccaṃ, na koci vippaṭisāro”ti? “Taggha me, bhante, anappakaṃ kukkuccaṃ, anappako vippaṭisāro”ti. “Kacci pana taṃ, vakkali, attā sīlato na upavadatī”ti? “Na kho maṃ, bhante, attā sīlato upavadatī”ti. “No ce kira taṃ, vakkali, attā sīlato upavadati; atha kiñca te kukkuccaṃ ko ca vippaṭisāro”ti? “Cirapaṭikāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitukāmo, natthi ca me kāyasmiṃ tāvatikā balamattā, yāvatāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyan”ti.

　　 “Alaṃ vakkali, kiṃ te iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena? Yo kho, vakkali, dhammaṃ passati so maṃ passati; yo maṃ passati so dhammaṃ passati. Dhammañhi, vakkali, passanto maṃ passati; maṃ passanto dhammaṃ passati.

　　 “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, vakkali, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā”ti? “Aniccaṃ bhante”. “Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā”ti? “Dukkhaṃ, bhante”. “Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ– ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’”ti? “No hetaṃ, bhante”. “Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā… viññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā”ti? “Aniccaṃ, bhante …”pe… eso me attāti? “No hetaṃ, bhante”. “Tasmātiha …pe… evaṃ passaṃ …pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī”ti.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ vakkaliṃ iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena gijjhakūṭo pabbato tena pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā vakkali acirapakkantassa bhagavato upaṭṭhāke āmantesi– “etha maṃ, āvuso, mañcakaṃ āropetvā yena isigilipassaṃ kāḷasilā tenupasaṅkamatha. Kathañhi nāma mādiso antaraghare kālaṃ kattabbaṃ maññeyyā”ti? “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato vakkalissa paṭissutvā āyasmantaṃ vakkaliṃ mañcakaṃ āropetvā yena isigilipassaṃ kāḷasilā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā tañca rattiṃ tañca divāvasesaṃ gijjhakūṭe pabbate vihāsi. Atha kho dve devatāyo abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu …pe… ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho ekā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “vakkali, bhante, bhikkhu vimokkhāya cetetī”ti. Aparā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca “so hi nūna, bhante, suvimutto vimuccissatī”ti. Idamavocuṃ tā devatāyo. Idaṃ vatvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyiṃsu.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena bhikkhū āmantesi– “etha tumhe, bhikkhave, yena vakkali bhikkhu tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā vakkaliṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ vadetha–

　　 “‘Suṇāvuso tvaṃ, vakkali, bhagavato vacanaṃ dvinnañca devatānaṃ. Imaṃ, āvuso, rattiṃ dve devatāyo abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho, āvuso, ekā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– vakkali, bhante, bhikkhu vimokkhāya cetetīti. Aparā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– so hi nūna, bhante, suvimutto vimuccissatīti. Bhagavā ca taṃ, āvuso vakkali, evamāha– mā bhāyi, vakkali; mā bhāyi, vakkali! Apāpakaṃ te maraṇaṃ bhavissati, apāpikā kālakiriyā’”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissutvā yenāyasmā vakkali tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ vakkaliṃ etadavocuṃ– “suṇāvuso vakkali, bhagavato vacanaṃ dvinnañca devatānan”ti.

　　 Atha kho āyasmā vakkali upaṭṭhāke āmantesi– “etha maṃ, āvuso, mañcakā oropetha. Kathañhi nāma mādiso ucce āsane nisīditvā tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ sotabbaṃ maññeyyā”ti! “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato vakkalissa paṭissutvā āyasmantaṃ vakkaliṃ mañcakā oropesuṃ. “Imaṃ, āvuso, rattiṃ dve devatāyo abhikkantāya rattiyā …pe… ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho, āvuso, ekā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– ‘vakkali, bhante, bhikkhu vimokkhāya cetetī’ti. Aparā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– ‘so hi nūna, bhante, suvimutto vimuccissatī’ti. Bhagavā ca taṃ, āvuso vakkali, evamāha– ‘mā bhāyi, vakkali; mā bhāyi, vakkali! Apāpakaṃ te maraṇaṃ bhavissati, apāpikā kālakiriyā’”ti. “Tena hāvuso, mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha– ‘vakkali, bhante, bhikkhu ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. So bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’ti. Evañca vadetha– ‘rūpaṃ aniccaṃ. Tāhaṃ, bhante, na kaṅkhāmi. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhanti na vicikicchāmi. Yadaniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, natthi me tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vāti na vicikicchāmi. Vedanā aniccā. Tāhaṃ, bhante, na kaṅkhāmi Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhanti na vicikicchāmi. Yadaniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, natthi me tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vāti na vicikicchāmi. Saññā… saṅkhārā aniccā. Tāhaṃ, bhante, na kaṅkhāmi. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhanti na vicikicchāmi. Yadaniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, natthi me tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vāti na vicikicchāmi. Viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ. Tāhaṃ, bhante, na kaṅkhāmi. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhanti na vicikicchāmi. Yadaniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, natthi me tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vāti na vicikicchāmī’”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato vakkalissa paṭissutvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā vakkali acirapakkantesu tesu bhikkhūsu satthaṃ āharesi.

　　 Atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “vakkali, bhante, bhikkhu ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno; so bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati; evañca vadeti– ‘rūpaṃ aniccaṃ. Tāhaṃ, bhante, na kaṅkhāmi. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhanti na vicikicchāmi. Yadaniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, natthi me tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vāti na vicikicchāmi. Vedanā… saññā… saṅkhārā viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ. Tāhaṃ, bhante, na kaṅkhāmi. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhanti na vicikicchāmi. Yadaniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, natthi me tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vāti na vicikicchāmī’”ti.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “āyāma, bhikkhave, yena isigilipassaṃ kāḷasilā tenupasaṅkamissāma; yattha vakkalinā kulaputtena satthamāharitan”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ yena isigilipassaṃ kāḷasilā tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ vakkaliṃ dūratova mañcake vivattakkhandhaṃ semānaṃ.

　　 Tena kho pana samayena dhūmāyitattaṃ timirāyitattaṃ gacchateva purimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uttaraṃ disaṃ, gacchati dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uddhaṃ disaṃ, gacchati adho disaṃ, gacchati anudisaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, etaṃ dhūmāyitattaṃ timirāyitattaṃ gacchateva purimaṃ disaṃ …pe… gacchati anudisan”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”. “Eso kho, bhikkhave, māro pāpimā vakkalissa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ samanvesati – ‘kattha vakkalissa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ patiṭṭhitan’ti? Appatiṭṭhitena ca, bhikkhave, viññāṇena vakkali kulaputto parinibbuto”ti. Pañcamaṃ.