增支部4集109经到111经

109 树木经

"比丘们,有四种树。是哪四种?它们是:

树心软弱且周围也软弱的树

树心软弱但周围坚实的树  

树心坚实但周围软弱的树

树心坚实且周围也坚实的树

就像这四种树一样,世间也有四种人。是哪四种?

内在软弱且周围伙伴也软弱的人

内在软弱但周围伙伴坚实的人

内在坚实但周围伙伴软弱的人 

内在坚实且周围伙伴也坚实的人

怎样是内外都软弱的人?这里,某人品德不好,性格邪恶,他的追随者也都品德不好,性格邪恶。这就是内外都软弱的人。

怎样是内软外实的人?这里,某人品德不好,性格邪恶,但他的追随者却品德良好,性格善良。这就是内软外实的人。

怎样是内实外软的人?这里,某人品德良好,性格善良,但他的追随者却品德不好,性格邪恶。这就是内实外软的人。

怎样是内外都坚实的人?这里,某人品德良好,性格善良,他的追随者也都品德良好,性格善良。这就是内外都坚实的人。

这就是世间存在的四种人,就像那四种树一样。"

110 毒蛇经

"比丘们,有四种毒蛇。是哪四种?

毒性快但不猛烈的

毒性猛烈但不快的

毒性既快又猛烈的

毒性既不快也不猛烈的

就像这些毒蛇一样,世间也有四种人。是哪四种?

怒气来得快但不持久的人

怒气来得慢但持久的人

怒气既来得快又持久的人

怒气既来得慢又不持久的人

怎样是怒气来得快但不持久的人?这里,某人经常生气,但他的怒气不会持续很久。这就像毒性快但不猛烈的蛇一样。

怎样是怒气来得慢但持久的人?这里,某人不经常生气,但一旦生气就会持续很久。这就像毒性猛烈但不快的蛇一样。

怎样是怒气既来得快又持久的人?这里,某人经常生气,而且怒气会持续很久。这就像毒性既快又猛烈的蛇一样。

怎样是怒气既来得慢又不持久的人?这里,某人既不经常生气,生气时也不会持续很久。这就像毒性既不快也不猛烈的蛇一样。

这就是世间存在的四种人,就像那四种毒蛇一样。"

111 调马师经

有一次,调马师凯西来见世尊。坐下后,世尊问他:"凯西,你以调马师闻名。你是如何训练马匹的?"

凯西回答说:"世尊,我用温和的方法,也用严厉的方法,有时也会两种方法并用。"

"如果马匹对这三种方法都不回应,你会怎么做?"

"那样的话,世尊,我就会杀了它。为什么?因为我不想让我师门蒙羞。"

凯西又问世尊:"世尊是无上调御丈夫者,您是如何调教人的?"

世尊回答说:"凯西,我也用三种方法:温和的、严厉的,以及温和严厉并用的。

在温和的方法中,我会这样教导:

这是身体善行及其果报

这是语言善行及其果报

这是意念善行及其果报

这是天界

这是人界

在严厉的方法中,我会这样教导:

这是身体恶行及其果报

这是语言恶行及其果报

这是意念恶行及其果报

这是地狱

这是畜生道

这是饿鬼道

在温和严厉并用的方法中,我会同时教导:

这是善行与恶行

这是善果与恶报

这是天界与人界

这是地狱、畜生道与饿鬼道"

凯西又问:"世尊,如果一个人对这三种方法都不回应,您会怎么做?"

世尊说:"那样的话,凯西,我就会杀了他。"

凯西惊讶地说:"但世尊不是不可以杀生的吗?为什么您说要杀他?"

世尊解释说:"确实如此,凯西,如来不可杀生。但是如果一个人对这三种教导方法都不回应,如来就不再教导他,其他明智的同修也不再教导他。在圣者的教法中,当如来和明智的同修都不再教导某人时,这就等于是'杀了他'。"

凯西说:"确实,世尊,当一个人连如来和明智的同修都不愿意教导时,他就真的是'被杀'了。太殊胜了,世尊!就像扶起倒物,揭示隐藏之物,为迷途者指路,在黑暗中举灯,让有眼者得见诸色。请世尊接受我为优婆塞,从今日起终生皈依。"

巴利语原版经文

109/ 9. Rukkhasuttaṃ

　　 109. “Cattārome, bhikkhave, rukkhā. Katame cattāro? Pheggu phegguparivāro, pheggu sāraparivāro, sāro phegguparivāro, sāro sāraparivāro– ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro rukkhā. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro rukkhūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Pheggu phegguparivāro, pheggu sāraparivāro, sāro phegguparivāro, sāro sāraparivāro.

　　 “Kathañca bhikkhave, puggalo pheggu hoti phegguparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo; parisāpissa hoti dussīlā pāpadhammā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo pheggu hoti phegguparivāro. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, rukkho pheggu phegguparivāro; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

　　 “Kathañca bhikkhave, puggalo pheggu hoti sāraparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo; parisā ca khvassa hoti sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo pheggu hoti sāraparivāro. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, rukkho pheggu sāraparivāro; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo sāro hoti phegguparivāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo; parisā ca khvassa hoti dussīlā pāpadhammā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo sāro hoti phegguparivāro. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, rukkho sāro phegguparivāro; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo sāro hoti sāraparivāro? Idha bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo; parisāpissa hoti sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo sāro hoti sāraparivāro. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, rukkho sāro sāraparivāro; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro rukkhūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti. Navamaṃ.

110/ 10. Āsīvisasuttaṃ

　　 110. “Cattārome, bhikkhave, āsīvisā. Katame cattāro? Āgataviso na ghoraviso, ghoraviso na āgataviso, āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca, nevāgataviso na ghoraviso– ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro āsīvisā. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cattāro āsīvisūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Āgataviso na ghoraviso, ghoraviso na āgataviso āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca, nevāgataviso na ghoraviso.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo āgataviso hoti, na ghoraviso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Evaṃ kho bhikkhave, puggalo āgataviso hoti, na ghoraviso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, āsīviso āgataviso, na ghoraviso; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo ghoraviso hoti, na āgataviso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo na heva kho abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo ghoraviso hoti, na āgataviso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, āsīviso ghoraviso, na āgataviso; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo āgataviso ca hoti ghoraviso ca? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo āgataviso ca hoti ghoraviso ca. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, āsīviso āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi.

　　 “Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo nevāgataviso hoti na ghoraviso? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo na heva kho abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo nevāgataviso hoti, na ghoraviso. Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, āsīviso nevāgataviso na ghoraviso; tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro āsīvisūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmin”ti. Dasamaṃ.

　　 Valāhakavaggo paṭhamo.

　　 Tassuddānaṃ–

　　 Dve valāhā kumbha-udaka, rahadā dve honti ambāni.

　　 Mūsikā balībaddā rukkhā, āsīvisena te dasāti.

(12) 2. Kesivaggo

111/ 1. Kesisuttaṃ

　　 111. Atha kho kesi assadammasārathi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho kesiṃ assadammasārathiṃ bhagavā etadavoca– “tvaṃ khosi, kesi, paññāto assadammasārathīti. Kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, kesi, assadammaṃ vinesī”ti? “Ahaṃ kho, bhante, assadammaṃ saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi saṇhapharusenapi vinemī”ti. “Sace te, kesi, assadammo saṇhena vinayaṃ na upeti, pharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, saṇhapharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, kinti naṃ karosī”ti? “Sace me, bhante, assadammo saṇhena vinayaṃ na upeti, pharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, saṇhapharusena vinayaṃ na upeti; hanāmi naṃ, bhante. Taṃ kissa hetu? Mā me ācariyakulassa avaṇṇo ahosī”ti.

　　 “Bhagavā pana, bhante, anuttaro purisadammasārathi. Kathaṃ pana, bhante, bhagavā purisadammaṃ vinetī”ti? “Ahaṃ kho, kesi, purisadammaṃ saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemi. Tatridaṃ, kesi, saṇhasmiṃ– iti kāyasucaritaṃ iti kāyasucaritassa vipāko, iti vacīsucaritaṃ iti vacīsucaritassa vipāko, iti manosucaritaṃ iti manosucaritassa vipāko, iti devā, iti manussāti. Tatridaṃ, kesi, pharusasmiṃ– iti kāyaduccaritaṃ iti kāyaduccaritassa vipāko, iti vacīduccaritaṃ iti vacīduccaritassa vipāko, iti manoduccaritaṃ iti manoduccaritassa vipāko, iti nirayo, iti tiracchānayoni, iti pettivisayo”ti.

　　 “Tatridaṃ, kesi, saṇhapharusasmiṃ– iti kāyasucaritaṃ iti kāyasucaritassa vipāko, iti kāyaduccaritaṃ iti kāyaduccaritassa vipāko, iti vacīsucaritaṃ iti vacīsucaritassa vipāko, iti vacīduccaritaṃ iti vacīduccaritassa vipāko, iti manosucaritaṃ iti manosucaritassa vipāko, iti manoduccaritaṃ iti manoduccaritassa vipāko, iti devā, iti manussā, iti nirayo, iti tiracchānayoni, iti pettivisayo”ti.

　　 “Sace te, bhante, purisadammo saṇhena vinayaṃ na upeti, pharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, saṇhapharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, kinti naṃ bhagavā karotī”ti? “Sace me, kesi, purisadammo saṇhena vinayaṃ na upeti, pharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, saṇhapharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, hanāmi naṃ, kesī”ti. “Na kho, bhante, bhagavato pāṇātipāto kappati. Atha ca pana bhagavā evamāha – ‘hanāmi, naṃ kesī’”ti! “Saccaṃ, kesi! Na tathāgatassa pāṇātipāto kappati. Api ca yo purisadammo saṇhena vinayaṃ na upeti, pharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, saṇhapharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, na taṃ tathāgato vattabbaṃ anusāsitabbaṃ maññati, nāpi viññū sabrahmacārī vattabbaṃ anusāsitabbaṃ maññanti. Vadho heso, kesi, ariyassa vinaye– yaṃ na tathāgato vattabbaṃ anusāsitabbaṃ maññati, nāpi viññū sabrahmacārī vattabbaṃ anusāsitabbaṃ maññantī”ti.

　　 “So hi nūna, bhante, suhato hoti– yaṃ na tathāgato vattabbaṃ anusāsitabbaṃ maññati, nāpi viññū sabrahmacārī vattabbaṃ anusāsitabbaṃ maññantīti. Abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante …pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ, bhante, bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.