增支部3集128经到131经

128 哈塔卡经

有一次,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,天子哈塔卡在深夜里,以殊胜的容色照亮整个祇树园,来到世尊面前。来到后,他想:"我要站在世尊面前",但却下沉、陷落,无法站立。就像把酥油或油倒在沙地上会下沉、陷落一样,天子哈塔卡也是如此,想"我要站在世尊面前",却下沉、陷落,无法站立。

于是世尊对天子哈塔卡说:"哈塔卡,你要化现一个粗大的身体。"

"好的,尊者。"天子哈塔卡回答世尊后,化现了一个粗大的身体,向世尊问讯,然后站在一旁。世尊对站在一旁的天子哈塔卡说:

"哈塔卡,你以前作为人时所具有的那些法,现在还存在吗?"

"尊者,我以前作为人时所具有的那些法,现在仍然存在;而我以前作为人时所没有的一些法,现在也存在了。尊者,就像世尊现在被比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、国王、大臣、外道和外道弟子们围绕着一样,我现在也被天子们围绕着。尊者,即使是远方的天子们也来到我这里听法。尊者,我对三法没有满足就去世了。哪三法呢?尊者,我对见世尊没有满足就去世了;我对听正法没有满足就去世了;我对侍奉僧团没有满足就去世了。尊者,我对这三法没有满足就去世了。"

"我从未满足于见世尊,

侍奉僧团和听闻正法。

修学增上戒,乐于听闻正法,

对三法不满足,哈塔卡生于不退转天。"

129 苦味经

有一次,世尊住在波罗奈仙人落处的鹿野苑。那时,世尊在上午穿好衣服,拿着钵和衣进入波罗奈城托钵。世尊在牛车无花果树下托钵时,看见一位比丘内心空虚,外求欢乐,失念、不正知、不专注、心散乱、诸根不收摄。看见后,世尊对那位比丘说:

"比丘,不要让自己变得苦涩。比丘,如果让自己变得苦涩,被腐臭味浸透,苍蝇就会跟随、围绕,这是必然的。"

那位比丘听了世尊的这番教诲后,生起了警惕心。然后世尊在波罗奈城托钵后,用完餐,对比丘们说:

"比丘们,今天上午我穿好衣服,拿着钵和衣进入波罗奈城托钵。我在牛车无花果树下托钵时,看见一位比丘内心空虚,外求欢乐,失念、不正知、不专注、心散乱、诸根不收摄。看见后,我对那位比丘说:'比丘,不要让自己变得苦涩。比丘,如果让自己变得苦涩,被腐臭味浸透,苍蝇就会跟随、围绕,这是必然的。'比丘们,那位比丘听了我的这番教诲后,生起了警惕心。"

这时,一位比丘问世尊:"尊者,什么是苦涩?什么是腐臭味?什么是苍蝇?"

"比丘,贪欲是苦涩,嗔恨是腐臭味,邪恶不善的念头是苍蝇。比丘,如果让自己变得苦涩,被腐臭味浸透,苍蝇就会跟随、围绕,这是必然的。"

"不守护眼耳,诸根不防护,

贪欲的念头如苍蝇般跟随。

比丘变苦涩,被腐臭味浸透,

远离涅槃,只有痛苦。

无论村落或森林,若不得内心平静,

愚痴者被苍蝇围绕而游荡。

具足戒行,以智慧寂静为乐,

寂静安乐,驱除了苍蝇。"

130 阿那律经之一

这时,尊者阿那律来到世尊处。来到后,向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者阿那律对世尊说:"尊者,我以清净超人的天眼,看见大多数女人身坏命终后,往生恶趣、恶道、堕处、地狱。尊者,具足几种法的女人身坏命终后,会往生恶趣、恶道、堕处、地狱呢?"

"阿那律,具足三法的女人身坏命终后,会往生恶趣、恶道、堕处、地狱。哪三法呢?阿那律,这里,女人在上午以悭吝垢染的心住在家中,在中午以嫉妒心住在家中,在傍晚以欲贪心住在家中。阿那律,具足这三法的女人身坏命终后,会往生恶趣、恶道、堕处、地狱。"

131 阿那律经之二

这时,尊者阿那律来到尊者舍利弗处。来到后,与尊者舍利弗互相问候。寒暄叙旧后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者阿那律对尊者舍利弗说:"朋友舍利弗,我以清净超人的天眼观察千世界。我的精进已发起不退,念已确立不忘,身轻安不躁动,心专一不散乱。然而我的心还未从执取中解脱。"

"朋友阿那律,你这样想:'我以清净超人的天眼观察千世界',这是你的慢。朋友阿那律,你这样想:'我的精进已发起不退,念已确立不忘,身轻安不躁动,心专一不散乱',这是你的掉举。朋友阿那律,你这样想:'然而我的心还未从执取中解脱',这是你的恶作。朋友阿那律,你应该舍弃这三法,不作意这三法,将心安住于不死界。"

之后,尊者阿那律舍弃了这三法,不作意这三法,将心安住于不死界。这时,尊者阿那律独处、远离、不放逸、精进、专注地安住,不久便证得了善男子正确出家所追求的无上梵行的究竟。他现法自知、证悟、成就并安住于:"生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。"尊者阿那律成为阿罗汉之一。

巴利语原版经文

128/ 5. Hatthakasuttaṃ

　　 128. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho hatthako devaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā– “bhagavato purato ṭhassāmī”ti osīdatimeva saṃsīdatimeva, na sakkoti saṇṭhātuṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma sappi vā telaṃ vā vālukāya āsittaṃ osīdatimeva saṃsīdatimeva, na saṇṭhāti; evamevaṃ hatthako devaputto– “bhagavato purato ṭhassāmī”ti osīdatimeva saṃsīdatimeva, na sakkoti saṇṭhātuṃ.

　　 Atha kho bhagavā hatthakaṃ devaputtaṃ etadavoca – “oḷārikaṃ, hatthaka, attabhāvaṃ abhinimmināhī”ti “Evaṃ, bhante”ti, kho hatthako devaputto bhagavato paṭissutvā oḷārikaṃ attabhāvaṃ abhinimminitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho hatthakaṃ devaputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Ye te, hatthaka, dhammā pubbe manussabhūtassa pavattino ahesuṃ, api nu te te dhammā etarahi pavattino”ti? “Ye ca me, bhante, dhammā pubbe manussabhūtassa pavattino ahesuṃ, te ca me dhammā etarahi pavattino; ye ca me, bhante, dhammā pubbe manussabhūtassa nappavattino ahesuṃ, te ca me dhammā etarahi pavattino. Seyyathāpi, bhante, bhagavā etarahi ākiṇṇo viharati bhikkhūhi bhikkhunīhi upāsakehi upāsikāhi rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi; evamevaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, ākiṇṇo viharāmi devaputtehi. Dūratopi, bhante, devaputtā āgacchanti hatthakassa devaputtassa santike ‘dhammaṃ sossāmā’ti. Tiṇṇāhaṃ, bhante, dhammānaṃ atitto appaṭivāno kālaṅkato. Katamesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ? Bhagavato ahaṃ, bhante, dassanassa atitto appaṭivāno kālaṅkato; saddhammasavanassāhaṃ, bhante, atitto appaṭivāno kālaṅkato; saṅghassāhaṃ, bhante, upaṭṭhānassa atitto appaṭivāno kālaṅkato. Imesaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ atitto appaṭivāno kālaṅkato”ti.

　　“Nāhaṃ bhagavato dassanassa, tittimajjhagā kudācanaṃ;

　　Saṅghassa upaṭṭhānassa, saddhammasavanassa ca.

　　“Adhisīlaṃ sikkhamāno, saddhammasavane rato;

　　Tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ atitto, hatthako avihaṃ gato”ti. Pañcamaṃ.

129/ 6. Kaṭuviyasuttaṃ

　　 129. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṃ viharati isipatane migadāye. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya bārāṇasiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā goyogapilakkhasmiṃ piṇḍāya caramāno aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ rittassādaṃ bāhirassādaṃ muṭṭhassatiṃ asampajānaṃ asamāhitaṃ vibbhantacittaṃ pākatindriyaṃ. Disvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca

　　 “Mā kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, attānaṃ kaṭuviyamakāsi. Taṃ vata bhikkhu kaṭuviyakataṃ attānaṃ āmagandhena avassutaṃ makkhikā nānupatissanti nānvāssavissantīti, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī”ti. Atha kho so bhikkhu bhagavatā iminā ovādena ovadito saṃvegamāpādi. Atha kho bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto bhikkhū āmantesi–

　　 “Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya bārāṇasiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ. Addasaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, goyogapilakkhasmiṃ piṇḍāya caramāno aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ rittassādaṃ bāhirassādaṃ muṭṭhassatiṃ asampajānaṃ asamāhitaṃ vibbhantacittaṃ pākatindriyaṃ. Disvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocaṃ–

　　 “‘Mā kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, attānaṃ kaṭuviyamakāsi. Taṃ vata bhikkhu kaṭuviyakataṃ attānaṃ āmagandhena avassutaṃ makkhikā nānupatissanti nānvāssavissantīti, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, so bhikkhu mayā iminā ovādena ovadito saṃvegamāpādī”ti. Evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “kiṃ nu kho, bhante, kaṭuviyaṃ? Ko āmagandho? Kā makkhikā”ti?

　　 “Abhijjhā kho, bhikkhu, kaṭuviyaṃ; byāpādo āmagandho; pāpakā akusalā vitakkā makkhikā. Taṃ vata, bhikkhu, kaṭuviyakataṃ attānaṃ āmagandhena avassutaṃ makkhikā nānupatissanti nānvāssavissantīti, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī”ti.

　　“Aguttaṃ cakkhusotasmiṃ, indriyesu asaṃvutaṃ.

　　Makkhikānupatissanti saṅkappā rāganissitā.

　　“Kaṭuviyakato bhikkhu, āmagandhe avassuto;

　　Ārakā hoti nibbānā, vighātasseva bhāgavā.

　　“Gāme vā yadi vāraññe, aladdhā samathamattano.

　　Pareti bālo dummedho, makkhikāhi purakkhato.

　　“Ye ca sīlena sampannā, paññāyūpasameratā;

　　Upasantā sukhaṃ senti, nāsayitvāna makkhikā”ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.

130/ 7. Paṭhama-anuruddhasuttaṃ

　　 130. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā anuruddho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “idhāhaṃ, bhante, dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena yebhuyyena passāmi mātugāmaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjamānaṃ. Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatī”ti?

　　 “Tīhi kho, anuruddha, dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Katamehi tīhi? Idha, anuruddha, mātugāmo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, majjhanhikasamayaṃ issāpariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, sāyanhasamayaṃ kāmarāgapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati Imehi kho, anuruddha, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatī”ti. Sattamaṃ.

131/ 8. Dutiya-anuruddhasuttaṃ

　　 131. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā anuruddho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca– “idhāhaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sahassaṃ lokaṃ olokemi. Āraddhaṃ kho pana me vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ. Atha ca pana me nānupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccatī”ti.

　　 “Yaṃ kho te, āvuso anuruddha, evaṃ hoti– ‘ahaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sahassaṃ lokaṃ volokemī’ti, idaṃ te mānasmiṃ. Yampi te, āvuso anuruddha, evaṃ hoti– ‘āraddhaṃ kho pana me vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggan’ti, idaṃ te uddhaccasmiṃ. Yampi te, āvuso anuruddha, evaṃ hoti– ‘atha ca pana me nānupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccatī’ti, idaṃ te kukkuccasmiṃ. Sādhu vatāyasmā anuruddho ime tayo dhamme pahāya, ime tayo dhamme amanasikaritvā amatāya dhātuyā cittaṃ upasaṃharatū”ti.

　　 Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho aparena samayena ime tayo dhamme pahāya, ime tayo dhamme amanasikaritvā amatāya dhātuyā cittaṃ upasaṃhari. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva– yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ– brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. “Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā anuruddho arahataṃ ahosīti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.