第一千一百七十九章 帝释所问经

长部21经/帝释所问经(大品[第二])


"如是我闻。一时,世尊住在摩揭陀国,在王舍城东方的芒果林婆罗门村,在因陀罗山石窟中。


那时,天帝释生起想要拜见世尊的愿望。天帝释想道:'现在阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊住在何处?'天帝释看见世尊住在摩揭陀国,在王舍城东方的芒果林婆罗门村,在因陀罗山石窟中。见已,他对三十三天的诸天说:'诸位贤者,世尊现住在摩揭陀国,在王舍城东方的芒果林婆罗门村,在因陀罗山石窟中。若诸位贤者同意,我们去拜见那位阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊。'三十三天的诸天回答说:'是的,尊者。'


然后,天帝释对乾闼婆子五髻说:'亲爱的五髻,世尊现住在摩揭陀国,在王舍城东方的芒果林婆罗门村,在因陀罗山石窟中。我们去拜见那位阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊吧。'五髻回答说:'是的,尊者。'于是带着琵琶随天帝释而去。


然后,天帝释与三十三天诸天围绕,五髻乾闼婆子前导,如同壮士伸臂或屈臂那样快速,从三十三天消失,出现在摩揭陀国芒果林婆罗门村的因陀罗山上。那时,因陀罗山放射出极大光明,芒果林婆罗门村也是如此,这是由于天神的威力。周围村落的人们惊叹说:'今天因陀罗山着火了!因陀罗山燃烧了!因陀罗山为何放射出如此大的光明?芒果林婆罗门村也是如此!'他们感到恐惧,毛骨悚然。"


【天众降临:】


"于是,天帝释在三十三天众的陪同下,以五弦乾闼婆子为前导,就像壮年人伸展弯曲的手臂或弯曲伸展的手臂那样迅速,从三十三天消失,出现在摩揭陀国王舍城东方的庵婆婆罗门村北方毗提诃山上。


那时,毗提诃山放射出异常明亮的光芒,照耀着庵婆婆罗门村,这是由于天神们的威力。周围村庄的人们惊恐地说:'今天毗提诃山燃烧了!今天毗提诃山着火了!今天毗提诃山为何放射如此异常的光芒,照耀着庵婆婆罗门村?'他们都感到惊慌,身毛竖立。"


【天帝释对五弦说:】


"然后,天帝释对五弦乾闼婆子说:'贤者五弦,像我这样的人难以接近如来,因为他们在禅定中喜乐,正在独处。贤者五弦,如果你能先取得世尊的欢心,然后我们再去拜见那位阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊。'


五弦回答说:'善哉,尊者。'于是带着琵琶走向因陀罗石窟。到达后他想:'这个距离对世尊来说既不太远也不太近,而且他能听到我的声音。'于是站在一旁。"


【五弦的歌颂:】


"站在一旁的五弦乾闼婆子弹奏琵琶,唱诵与佛陀、法、僧伽、阿罗汉和爱欲有关的偈颂:


'美丽的姑娘啊,我礼敬你的父亲

帝拔楼,你这太阳之女,

因为他生了你这贤女,

带给我无限喜悦。


如清风之于疲倦者,

如清水之于口渴者,

你对我如此可爱,

如正法之于阿罗汉。


如药物之于病者,

如食物之于饥者,

贤女啊,请以清水

熄灭我燃烧的欲火。'"


"如大象被炎热所苦,

沉入莲池凉水中,

我也想沉浸于

你的胸怀与腰际。


如失控的大象,

挣脱了绳索与钩子,

我已迷失理智,

为你美丽的腿所迷惑。


我的心为你所系,

思绪已完全改变,

我无法回头,

如鱼已吞下钩饵。


美丽的长腿女子啊,请拥抱我,

圆眼的姑娘啊,请拥抱我,

可爱的人儿啊,请紧抱我,

这是我最大的愿望。


我对你,卷发的姑娘,

虽只有微小的爱恋,

但它却增长无限,

如供养阿罗汉的功德。


愿我对那些

具德的阿罗汉们

所做的一切功德,

与你共同成熟。


愿我在此地球上

所做的一切功德,

与你这全身美丽的人儿

共同成熟。


如释迦子以禅定,

专注而具念,

追求不死,

我也如此追求你,日光女。


如圣者获得

无上正觉而欢喜,

贤女啊,若能与你结合,

我也会如此欢喜。


若三十三天之主帝释,

愿意给我一个愿望,

美人啊,我会选择你,

如此强烈是我的爱慕。


智慧的人啊,如沙罗树

不久将开花,

我礼敬你的父亲,

他生了你这样的女儿。'"


这就是五弦所唱的情歌。


【世尊对五弦的回应:】


世尊对五弦乾闼婆子说:"五弦啊,你的琴声与歌声相互和谐,歌声也与琴声相和,琴声不掩盖歌声,歌声也不掩盖琴声。五弦啊,你是什么时候编作这些与佛、法、僧、阿罗汉和爱欲有关的偈颂的?"


五弦回答:"世尊,那是您在尼连禅河边的阿阇波罗尼拘律树下初成正觉时。那时,世尊,我爱慕名叫跋陀的日光女,她是乾闼婆王帝拔楼的女儿。但是,世尊,那位姑娘爱慕别人,她喜欢御者摩咤利的儿子悉干提。


世尊,由于我无论用什么方法都无法得到那位姑娘,我就带着琵琶去到乾闼婆王帝拔楼的住处。到那里后,我弹奏琵琶,唱诵这些与佛、法、僧、阿罗汉和爱欲有关的偈颂。


唱完后,跋陀日光女对我说:'贤者,我从未亲眼见过世尊,但我在三十三天的善法堂中跳舞时听说过世尊。贤者,因为你赞颂了世尊,所以让我们今天相会吧。'世尊,我就是这样与那位姑娘相会的,此后再也没有相见。"


【帝释前来拜见:】


这时,天帝释心想:"五弦乾闼婆子正在与世尊交谈,世尊也在回应他。"于是对五弦说:"贤者五弦,请你替我向世尊致意:'世尊,天帝释与其大臣眷属,头面礼拜世尊双足。'"


五弦回答说:"善哉,尊者。"便向世尊传达:"世尊,天帝释与其大臣眷属,头面礼拜世尊双足。"


世尊回答说:"五弦,愿天帝释与其大臣眷属安乐。因为诸天、人类、阿修罗、龙、乾闼婆以及其他众生都希望得到安乐。"


如来们常这样回应这样的大威德夜叉。天帝释得到回应后,进入因陀罗石窟,向世尊礼敬,然后站在一旁。三十三天的诸天也进入石窟,向世尊礼敬,站在一旁。五弦乾闼婆子也进入石窟,向世尊礼敬,站在一旁。


那时,原本不平坦的因陀罗石窟变得平坦,狭窄的空间变得宽敞,洞中的黑暗消失,光明出现,这都是由于天神们的威力。


世尊对天帝释说:"稀有啊,憍尸迦(天帝释的别名),这真是希有啊,憍尸迦,你如此繁忙,有这么多事务,却还能来此。"


天帝释回答说:"世尊,我长久以来就想来拜见世尊,但因为三十三天的各种事务缠身,所以一直未能前来。世尊,有一次您住在舍卫城的娑罗树园中,我去舍卫城想拜见世尊。那时世尊正入于某种禅定中,毗沙门天王的侍女名叫菩阇提正在伺候世尊,合掌礼敬而立。


我对她说:'姊妹,请你替我向世尊致意:世尊,天帝释与其大臣眷属,头面礼拜世尊双足。'她说:'贤者,现在不是拜见世尊的时候,世尊正在入定。'我说:'那么,姊妹,等世尊从禅定出来时,请转告他:世尊,天帝释与其大臣眷属,头面礼拜世尊双足。'世尊,那位姊妹是否向您传达了我的话?世尊记得她说的话吗?"


"她确实传达了你的话,天帝释,我记得。而且是你车轮的声音让我从那禅定中出来的。"


天帝释继续说:"世尊,我从那些比我们早生在三十三天的诸天那里听说:'当如来、阿罗汉、正等正觉出现在世间时,天众增多,阿修罗众减少。'世尊,我亲眼见证了这一点,自从如来、阿罗汉、正等正觉出现在世间,天众确实增多,阿修罗众减少。


【歌咤故事:】


世尊,就在这迦毗罗卫城,有一位名叫歌咤的释迦女子,她对佛、法、僧具有净信,完全持守戒律。她厌离女性身份,修习男性特质,身坏命终后往生善趣天界,投生到我们三十三天中,成为我的儿子。在那里,大家都称他为'歌咤天子,歌咤天子'。


还有其他三位比丘,在世尊座下修习梵行,却投生到低等的乾闼婆众中。他们享受着五欲之乐,来到我们这里作侍者。当他们来侍奉我们时,歌咤天子呵责他们说:'贤者们,你们是从何处听闻世尊的教法?我虽为女身,但因对佛、法、僧具有净信,完全持守戒律,厌离女性身份,修习男性特质,身坏命终后往生善趣天界,投生到三十三天中,成为帝释天王的儿子。在这里,大家都称呼我为"歌咤天子,歌咤天子"。


而你们在世尊座下修习梵行,却投生到低等的乾闼婆众中。我们看到同修行者投生到低等乾闼婆众中,这真是一个悲惨的景象!'被歌咤天子这样呵责后,其中两位天神当下恢复正念,证得梵辅天界,但第三位仍然沉溺于欲乐中。"


【歌咤天子的偈颂:】


"'我曾是具眼者(佛)的女信徒,

人们称我为'歌咤',

我对佛法深具信心,

以虔诚心侍奉僧伽。


由于那位佛陀的殊胜法,

我成为帝释天的儿子,

具大威力,光明照耀,

生于三界天,人称我为'歌咤'。


然后我看见昔日的比丘们,

他们投生为乾闼婆,

这些乔达摩的弟子,

从前与我同为人时。


我曾在家中供养他们,

饮食俱全,恭敬礼拜,

为何这些尊者们,

不能正确领受佛陀的教法?


佛法是需要亲自证知,

是具眼者善说之法。

我曾亲近你们,

听闻圣者们的善说。


现在我成为帝释天之子,

具大威力,光明照耀,

而你们修习最上梵行,

却投生低等之处。


你们的投生不相称,

这是不恰当的果报,

我们见到同法者,

投生低等之处,真是悲哀。


你们已成为乾闼婆,

来到天界作侍者,

看看我从前在家时,

与现在的差别。


我从女身变成男天神,

享受着天界的欲乐。'

被乔达摩的弟子所呵责,

他们感到惭愧,对歌咤说:


"'来吧,让我们努力修行,

不要再做他人的奴仆。'

其中两位发奋精进,

忆念乔达摩的教诲。


就在此处净化其心,

看清欲乐的过患,

他们断除欲结的束缚,

魔王难以跨越的系缚。


如大象挣断绳索,

他们超越三十三天,

帝释与诸天众,

都在善法堂中就座。


当他们坐下时,勇者们

远离贪欲,造作无垢,

见此,帝释生起震撼,

在天众中称王的他说:


'这些投生低处的天神,

现今超越三十三天。'

听到这震撼的话语,

歌咤对帝释说道:


'佛陀在人间出现,

释迦牟尼胜过诸欲,

这些是他的儿子,但失去正念,

经我提醒,他们恢复正念。


三人中还有一个,

留在乾闼婆众中,

两人追随觉悟之道,

以定心超越诸天。


这样的法的开显,

没有弟子会有疑惑,

我们礼敬渡过暴流、

断除疑惑的佛陀人中尊。


他们在此了知法义,

证得殊胜境界,

达到梵辅天的境地,

两人已成就殊胜。


尊者,为了证得此法,

我们今日前来,

若蒙世尊允许,

我们想请问问题。'"


这时,世尊心想:"这位夜叉长久以来保持清净,他无论问我什么问题,都是有意义的,不会是无意义的。我无论如何回答,他都会很快理解。"


于是,世尊用偈颂对天帝释说:

"婆娑婆(帝释的别名),随你所想,

尽管问我任何问题,

对于你所问的每个问题,

我都会为你解答。"


【第一段结束】


然后,得到世尊允许的天帝释,问了第一个问题:


"尊者,是什么束缚使得天众、人类、阿修罗、龙族、乾闼婆以及其他众生,虽然想着'愿我们无怨、无害、无敌、无恼、快乐地生活',却仍然带着怨恨、伤害、敌意、恼害而生活?"


这就是天帝释向世尊提出的问题。世尊回答说:


"天帝释,是嫉妒和悭吝的束缚,使得天众、人类、阿修罗、龙族、乾闼婆以及其他众生,虽然想着'愿我们无怨、无害、无敌、无恼、快乐地生活',却仍然带着怨恨、伤害、敌意、恼害而生活。"


世尊这样回答了天帝释的问题。天帝释欢喜赞叹世尊的回答说:"确实如此,世尊,确实如此,善逝。听了世尊对这个问题的解答,我的疑惑已经消除,不确定已经去除。"


天帝释欢喜赞叹世尊的话后,又进一步问道:


"尊者,这嫉妒和悭吝是从何而生?什么导致它们?什么是它们的本源?什么是它们的起因?有什么存在时它们存在?有什么不存在时它们不存在?"


世尊回答说:"天帝释,嫉妒和悭吝是从爱憎而生,由爱憎所导致,以爱憎为本源,以爱憎为起因。当有爱憎时,嫉妒和悭吝就存在;当无爱憎时,嫉妒和悭吝就不存在。"


"尊者,爱憎又是从何而生?什么导致它?什么是它的本源?什么是它的起因?有什么存在时它存在?有什么不存在时它不存在?"


"天帝释,爱憎是从欲望而生,由欲望所导致,以欲望为本源,以欲望为起因。当有欲望时,爱憎就存在;当无欲望时,爱憎就不存在。"


"尊者,欲望又是从何而生?什么导致它?什么是它的本源?什么是它的起因?有什么存在时它存在?有什么不存在时它不存在?"


"天帝释,欲望是从寻思而生,由寻思所导致,以寻思为本源,以寻思为起因。当有寻思时,欲望就存在;当无寻思时,欲望就不存在。"


"尊者,寻思又是从何而生?什么导致它?什么是它的本源?什么是它的起因?有什么存在时它存在?有什么不存在时它不存在?"


"天帝释,寻思是从虚妄分别而生,由虚妄分别所导致,以虚妄分别为本源,以虚妄分别为起因。当有虚妄分别时,寻思就存在;当无虚妄分别时,寻思就不存在。"


"尊者,比丘应如何修行,才能走上导向息灭虚妄分别的道路?"


【关于感受的修习:】


"天帝释,我说喜乐有两种:应当追求的和不应当追求的。我说忧苦也有两种:应当追求的和不应当追求的。我说舍心也有两种:应当追求的和不应当追求的。


为什么我说喜乐有两种:应当追求的和不应当追求的呢?当知道某种喜乐会增长不善法、减少善法时,这样的喜乐就不应当追求。当知道某种喜乐会减少不善法、增长善法时,这样的喜乐就应当追求。这些喜乐中,有伴随寻伺的,也有不伴随寻伺的,不伴随寻伺的更为殊胜。这就是为什么我说喜乐有两种:应当追求的和不应当追求的。


为什么我说忧苦有两种:应当追求的和不应当追求的呢?当知道某种忧苦会增长不善法、减少善法时,这样的忧苦就不应当追求。当知道某种忧苦会减少不善法、增长善法时,这样的忧苦就应当追求。这些忧苦中,有伴随寻伺的,也有不伴随寻伺的,不伴随寻伺的更为殊胜。这就是为什么我说忧苦有两种:应当追求的和不应当追求的。


为什么我说舍心有两种:应当追求的和不应当追求的呢?当知道某种舍心会增长不善法、减少善法时,这样的舍心就不应当追求。当知道某种舍心会减少不善法、增长善法时,这样的舍心就应当追求。这些舍心中,有伴随寻伺的,也有不伴随寻伺的,不伴随寻伺的更为殊胜。这就是为什么我说舍心有两种:应当追求的和不应当追求的。


天帝释,比丘就是这样修行,才能走上导向息灭虚妄分别的道路。"


世尊这样回答了天帝释的问题。天帝释欢喜赞叹说:"确实如此,世尊,确实如此,善逝。听了世尊对这个问题的解答,我的疑惑已经消除,不确定已经去除。"


【关于波罗提木叉戒:】


天帝释欢喜赞叹世尊的话后,又进一步问道:"尊者,比丘应如何修行,才能守护波罗提木叉戒?"


世尊回答说:"天帝释,我说身业有两种:应当修习的和不应当修习的。我说语业有两种:应当修习的和不应当修习的。我说寻求也有两种:应当修习的和不应当修习的。


为什么我说身业有两种呢?当知道某种身业会增长不善法、减少善法时,这样的身业就不应当修习。当知道某种身业会减少不善法、增长善法时,这样的身业就应当修习。这就是为什么我说身业有两种:应当修习的和不应当修习的。


为什么我说语业有两种呢?当知道某种语业会增长不善法、减少善法时,这样的语业就不应当修习。当知道某种语业会减少不善法、增长善法时,这样的语业就应当修习。这就是为什么我说语业有两种:应当修习的和不应当修习的。


为什么我说寻求有两种呢?当知道某种寻求会增长不善法、减少善法时,这样的寻求就不应当修习。当知道某种寻求会减少不善法、增长善法时,这样的寻求就应当修习。这就是为什么我说寻求有两种:应当修习的和不应当修习的。


天帝释,比丘就是这样修行,才能守护波罗提木叉戒。"


【关于根门守护:】


天帝释欢喜赞叹世尊的话后,又进一步问道:"尊者,比丘应如何修行,才能守护诸根?"


世尊回答说:"天帝释,我说眼所识的色有两种:应当注意的和不应当注意的。我说耳所识的声有两种:应当注意的和不应当注意的。我说鼻所识的香有两种:应当注意的和不应当注意的。我说舌所识的味有两种:应当注意的和不应当注意的。我说身所识的触有两种:应当注意的和不应当注意的。我说意所识的法有两种:应当注意的和不应当注意的。"


听到这话,天帝释对世尊说:


"世尊,我理解您简略所说的详细含义:当注意某种色会增长不善法、减少善法时,这样的色就不应当注意。当注意某种色会减少不善法、增长善法时,这样的色就应当注意。


同样地,当注意某种声音...某种香气...某种味道...某种触感...某种法时,如果会增长不善法、减少善法,这样的对象就不应当注意。当注意这些对象会减少不善法、增长善法时,这样的对象就应当注意。


世尊,我已经理解了您简略说法的详细含义,听了世尊的解答,我的疑惑已经消除,不确定已经去除。"


然后,天帝释欢喜赞叹世尊的话后,又进一步问道:


"尊者,是否所有的沙门婆罗门都持相同的见解、相同的戒律、相同的欲求、相同的目标?"


"天帝释,不是所有的沙门婆罗门都持相同的见解、相同的戒律、相同的欲求、相同的目标。"


"尊者,为什么不是所有的沙门婆罗门都持相同的见解、相同的戒律、相同的欲求、相同的目标呢?"


"天帝释,这个世界有许多不同的界、不同的种类。在这个具有多种界、多种类的世界中,众生随着他们所倾向的界而执著,坚持地执取说:'只有这个是真实的,其他都是虚妄的。'这就是为什么不是所有的沙门婆罗门都持相同的见解、相同的戒律、相同的欲求、相同的目标。"


"尊者,是否所有的沙门婆罗门都已达到究竟目标、究竟安稳、究竟梵行、究竟圆满?"


"天帝释,不是所有的沙门婆罗门都已达到究竟目标、究竟安稳、究竟梵行、究竟圆满。"


"尊者,为什么不是所有的沙门婆罗门都已达到究竟目标、究竟安稳、究竟梵行、究竟圆满呢?"


"天帝释,那些通过灭尽渴爱而解脱的比丘,他们才达到究竟目标、究竟安稳、究竟梵行、究竟圆满。这就是为什么不是所有的沙门婆罗门都已达到究竟目标、究竟安稳、究竟梵行、究竟圆满。"


世尊这样回答了天帝释的问题。天帝释欢喜赞叹说:"确实如此,世尊,确实如此,善逝。听了世尊对这个问题的解答,我的疑惑已经消除,不确定已经去除。"


然后,天帝释欢喜赞叹世尊的话后,对世尊说:


"忧虑是一种病,忧虑是一种疮,忧虑是一种箭,忧虑牵引这个人投生到各种存在中。因此这个人经历高低起伏。世尊,对于这些问题,我在外道沙门婆罗门那里连提问的机会都得不到,但世尊已经为我解答了。这长期困扰我的疑惑之箭,已被世尊拔除。"


"天帝释,你记得曾经向其他沙门婆罗门问过这些问题吗?"


"是的,世尊,我记得。"


"那么他们是如何回答的?如果方便的话,请说说看。"


"世尊,在您面前或类似您这样的人面前,我不觉得有什么不方便的。"


"那么请说吧,天帝释。"


"世尊,我过去认为那些住在森林、住在偏僻处所的沙门婆罗门是有修行的,就去拜访他们并问这些问题。但他们被我问到时却答不上来,反而问我:'尊者是谁?'我就回答说:'我是天帝释。'


他们又进一步问我:'尊者天帝释做了什么功德才得到这个地位?'于是我就为他们讲解我所听闻和学习的法。他们仅仅因为这些就感到满意,说:'我们见到了天帝释,而且他还回答了我们的问题!'结果他们反而成了我的弟子,而不是我成为他们的弟子。


但是,世尊,我是您的弟子,是初果圣者,必定不会堕落恶道,必定证悟正觉。"


关于喜乐的获得:


"天帝释,你记得以前是否曾经有过这样的喜乐和满足感?"


"是的,世尊,我记得。"


"天帝释,你能详细说说,那是怎样的喜乐和满足感吗?"


"世尊,从前有一场天神与阿修罗之间的战争。在那场战争中,天神获胜,阿修罗失败。当我赢得那场战争后,心想:'现在天神的威力和阿修罗的威力都将由天神享有。'


"但是,世尊,那种喜乐和满足感是建立在棍杖和武器之上的,不能导向厌离、离欲、寂灭、平息、证知、正觉和涅槃。而现在我从世尊处听闻法义所获得的喜乐和满足感,是不需要棍杖和武器的,能够完全导向厌离、离欲、寂灭、平息、证知、正觉和涅槃。"


"天帝释,你现在观察到了什么理由,而说出这样的喜乐和满足感?"


"世尊,我观察到六种理由,才说出这样的喜乐和满足感:


'就在此处,当我还是天神时,

又获得了新的生命,

请您知道这一点,尊者。'


世尊,这是我观察到的第一个理由,而说出这样的喜乐和满足感。


'从天界命终,舍弃非人身,

我将如愿投生,

到我所喜欢的地方。'


世尊,这是我观察到的第二个理由,而说出这样的喜乐和满足感。


'我以智慧喜乐于法,

将以正念安住,

以正确的方式生活。'


世尊,这是我观察到的第三个理由,而说出这样的喜乐和满足感。


"'若我以正道而行,

也许会获得觉悟,

我将以智慧而住,

那将是最后的生命。'


世尊,这是我观察到的第四个理由,而说出这样的喜乐和满足感。


'从人界命终后,舍弃人身,

我将再次成为天神,

在天界中最殊胜。'


世尊,这是我观察到的第五个理由,而说出这样的喜乐和满足感。


'那些最殊胜的诸天,

名为色究竟天,

在我最后生处,

那里将是我的住处。'


世尊,这是我观察到的第六个理由,而说出这样的喜乐和满足感。


这就是我观察到的六种理由,而说出这样的喜乐和满足感。


'我思虑未完,疑惑未断,

长期漂泊,寻找如来。

我以为那些独住的沙门,

就是正觉者,我去亲近他们。


"'问他们"如何是成功?

如何是失败?"

但他们对道路和修行,

都无法给出满意的答案。


当他们知道我是

天帝释来访时,

他们反而问我:

"你是如何获得这个地位的?"


我就为他们讲说

我所听闻的法,

他们因此欢喜:

"我们见到了天帝释!"


但当我见到佛陀,

度过疑惑的人,

今天我已无所畏惧,

因为我亲近了觉者。


我礼敬能断除渴爱之箭,

无与伦比的佛陀,

我礼敬这位大雄,

这位太阳种族的佛陀。


我们对梵天所做的供养,

和诸天一起做的,尊者,

今天我们也要对您做,

来吧,让我们礼敬您。


您就是真正的觉者,

您是无上的导师,

在包括天界的世间中,

没有人能与您相比。'"


然后,天帝释对五弦乾闼婆子说:

"贤者五弦,你对我帮助很大。因为你先取得世尊的欢心,然后我们才得以拜见这位阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊。我要立你为父辈的地位,你将成为乾闼婆之王。我也将把美丽的日光女给你,因为她是你所爱慕的。"


然后,天帝释用手触地,三次发出赞叹:"礼敬世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者!"


当这段解说被诵说时,天帝释证得了清净无垢的法眼,见到:"凡是有生起的法,都是会灭的。"其他八万位天神也同样证得法眼。这些是天帝释请求而世尊解答的问题,因此这段经文被称为《帝释所问经》。


《帝释所问经》完。


这就是整部《帝释所问经》的全部内容了。这是一部重要的佛教经典,讲述了天帝释向佛陀请教各种修行和解脱的问题,最终证得法眼的故事。经中详细阐述了许多重要的佛法概念,如戒律、禅定、智慧等修行次第,以及如何断除贪欲、嫉妒等烦恼的方法。


巴利语原版经文


DN.21/(8) Sakkapañhasuttaṃ

   344. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā magadhesu viharati, pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sakkassa devānamindassa ussukkaṃ udapādi bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Atha kho sakkassa devānamindassa etadahosi– “kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho”ti? Addasā kho sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ magadhesu viharantaṃ pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Disvāna deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi– “ayaṃ, mārisā, bhagavā magadhesu viharati, pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Yadi pana, mārisā, mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyāma arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhan”ti? “Evaṃ bhaddantavā”ti kho devā tāvatiṃsā sakkassa devānamindassa paccassosuṃ.

   345. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ āmantesi– “ayaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, bhagavā magadhesu viharati pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ. Yadi pana tāta pañcasikha, mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyāma arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhan”ti? “Evaṃ bhaddantavā”ti kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya sakkassa devānamindassa anucariyaṃ upāgami.

   346. Atha kho sakko devānamindo devehi tāvatiṃsehi parivuto pañcasikhena gandhabbadevaputtena purakkhato seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya; evameva devesu tāvatiṃsesu antarahito magadhesu pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate paccuṭṭhāsi. Tena kho pana samayena vediyako pabbato atiriva obhāsajāto hoti ambasaṇḍā ca brāhmaṇagāmo yathā taṃ devānaṃ devānubhāvena. Apissudaṃ parito gāmesu manussā evamāhaṃsu– “ādittassu nāmajja vediyako pabbato jhāyatisu nāmajja vediyako pabbato jalatisu nāmajja vediyako pabbato kiṃsu nāmajja vediyako pabbato atiriva obhāsajāto ambasaṇḍā ca brāhmaṇagāmo”ti saṃviggā lomahaṭṭhajātā ahesuṃ.

   347. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ āmantesi– “durupasaṅkamā kho, tāta pañcasikha, tathāgatā mādisena, jhāyī jhānaratā, tadantaraṃ paṭisallīnā. Yadi pana tvaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, bhagavantaṃ paṭhamaṃ pasādeyyāsi, tayā, tāta, paṭhamaṃ pasāditaṃ pacchā mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyyāma arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhan”ti. “Evaṃ bhaddantavā”ti kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya yena indasālaguhā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā “ettāvatā me bhagavā neva atidūre bhavissati nāccāsanne, saddañca me sossatī”ti ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.

Pañcasikhagītagāthā

   348. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ assāvesi, imā ca gāthā abhāsi buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṅghūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitā–

   “Vande te pitaraṃ bhadde, timbaruṃ sūriyavacchase;

   Yena jātāsi kalyāṇī, ānandajananī mama.

   “Vātova sedataṃ kanto, pānīyaṃva pipāsato;

   Aṅgīrasi piyāmesi, dhammo arahatāmiva.

   “Āturasseva bhesajjaṃ, bhojanaṃva jighacchato;

   Parinibbāpaya maṃ bhadde, jalantamiva vārinā.

   “Sītodakaṃ pokkharaṇiṃ, yuttaṃ kiñjakkhareṇunā;

   Nāgo ghammābhitattova, ogāhe te thanūdaraṃ.

   “Accaṅkusova nāgova, jitaṃ me tuttatomaraṃ;

   Kāraṇaṃ nappajānāmi, sammatto lakkhaṇūruyā.

   “Tayi gedhitacittosmi, cittaṃ vipariṇāmitaṃ;

   Paṭigantuṃ na sakkomi, vaṅkaghastova ambujo.

   “Vāmūru saja maṃ bhadde, saja maṃ mandalocane;

   Palissaja maṃ kalyāṇi, etaṃ me abhipatthitaṃ.

   “Appako vata me santo, kāmo vellitakesiyā;

   Anekabhāvo samuppādi, arahanteva dakkhiṇā.

   “Yaṃ me atthi kataṃ puññaṃ, arahantesu tādisu;

   Taṃ me sabbaṅgakalyāṇi, tayā saddhiṃ vipaccataṃ.

   “Yaṃ me atthi kataṃ puññaṃ, asmiṃ pathavimaṇḍale;

   Taṃ me sabbaṅgakalyāṇi, tayā saddhiṃ vipaccataṃ.

   “Sakyaputtova jhānena, ekodi nipako sato;

   Amataṃ muni jigīsāno, tamahaṃ sūriyavacchase.

   “Yathāpi muni nandeyya, patvā sambodhimuttamaṃ;

   Evaṃ nandeyyaṃ kalyāṇi, missībhāvaṃ gato tayā.

   “Sakko ce me varaṃ dajjā, tāvatiṃsānamissaro;

   Tāhaṃ bhadde vareyyāhe, evaṃ kāmo daḷho mama.

   “Sālaṃva na ciraṃ phullaṃ, pitaraṃ te sumedhase;

   Vandamāno namassāmi, yassā setādisī pajā”ti.

   349. Evaṃ vutte bhagavā pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ etadavoca– “saṃsandati kho te, pañcasikha, tantissaro gītassarena, gītassaro ca tantissarena; na ca pana te pañcasikha, tantissaro gītassaraṃ ativattati, gītassaro ca tantissaraṃ. Kadā saṃyūḷhā pana te, pañcasikha, imā gāthā buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṅghūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitā”ti? “Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhe paṭhamābhisambuddho Tena kho panāhaṃ, bhante, samayena bhaddā nāma sūriyavacchasā timbaruno gandhabbarañño dhītā, tamabhikaṅkhāmi. Sā kho pana, bhante, bhaginī parakāminī hoti; sikhaṇḍī nāma mātalissa saṅgāhakassa putto, tamabhikaṅkhati. Yato kho ahaṃ, bhante, taṃ bhaginiṃ nālatthaṃ kenaci pariyāyena. Athāhaṃ beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ ādāya yena timbaruno gandhabbarañño nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā beluvapaṇḍuvīṇaṃ assāvesiṃ, imā ca gāthā abhāsiṃ buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṅghūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitā–

   “Vande te pitaraṃ bhadde, timbaruṃ sūriyavacchase;

   Yena jātāsi kalyāṇī, ānandajananī mama. …Pe…

   Sālaṃva na ciraṃ phullaṃ, pitaraṃ te sumedhase;

   Vandamāno namassāmi, yassā setādisī pajā”ti.

   “Evaṃ vutte, bhante, bhaddā sūriyavacchasā maṃ etadavoca– ‘na kho me, mārisa, so bhagavā sammukhā diṭṭho api ca sutoyeva me so bhagavā devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ upanaccantiyā. Yato kho tvaṃ, mārisa, taṃ bhagavantaṃ kittesi, hotu no ajja samāgamo’ti. Soyeva no, bhante, tassā bhaginiyā saddhiṃ samāgamo ahosi. Na ca dāni tato pacchā”ti.

Sakkūpasaṅkama

   350. Atha kho sakkassa devānamindassa etadahosi – “paṭisammodati pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto bhagavatā, bhagavā ca pañcasikhenā”ti. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ āmantesi– “abhivādehi me tvaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, bhagavantaṃ– ‘sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’ti”. “Evaṃ bhaddantavā”ti kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādeti– “sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī”ti. “Evaṃ sukhī hotu, pañcasikha, sakko devānamindo sāmacco saparijano; sukhakāmā hi devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā”ti.

   351. Evañca pana tathāgatā evarūpe mahesakkhe yakkhe abhivadanti. Abhivadito sakko devānamindo bhagavato indasālaguhaṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Devāpi tāvatiṃsā indasālaguhaṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Pañcasikhopi gandhabbadevaputto indasālaguhaṃ pavisitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi.

   Tena kho pana samayena indasālaguhā visamā santī samā samapādi, sambādhā santī urundā samapādi, andhakāro guhāyaṃ antaradhāyi, āloko udapādi yathā taṃ devānaṃ devānubhāvena.

   352. Atha kho bhagavā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – “acchariyamidaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa, abbhutamidaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa tāva bahukiccassa bahukaraṇīyassa yadidaṃ idhāgamanan”ti. “Cirapaṭikāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitukāmo; api ca devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ kehici kehici kiccakaraṇīyehi byāvaṭo; evāhaṃ nāsakkhiṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati salaḷāgārake. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, sāvatthiṃ agamāsiṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Tena kho pana, bhante, samayena bhagavā aññatarena samādhinā nisinno hoti, bhūjati ca nāma vessavaṇassa mahārājassa paricārikā bhagavantaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, pañjalikā namassamānā tiṭṭhati. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhūjatiṃ etadavocaṃ ‘abhivādehi me tvaṃ, bhagini, bhagavantaṃ– “sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī”ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhante, sā bhūjati maṃ etadavoca– ‘akālo kho, mārisa, bhagavantaṃ dassanāya; paṭisallīno bhagavā’ti. ‘Tena hī, bhagini, yadā bhagavā tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhito hoti, atha mama vacanena bhagavantaṃ abhivādehi– “sakko, bhante, devānamindo sāmacco saparijano bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī”ti. Kacci me sā, bhante, bhaginī bhagavantaṃ abhivādesi? Sarati bhagavā tassā bhaginiyā vacanan”ti? “Abhivādesi maṃ sā, devānaminda, bhaginī, sarāmahaṃ tassā bhaginiyā vacanaṃ. Api cāhaṃ āyasmato nemisaddena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhito”ti. “Ye te, bhante, devā amhehi paṭhamataraṃ tāvatiṃsakāyaṃ upapannā, tesaṃ me sammukhā sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ– ‘yadā tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā, dibbā kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti. Taṃ me idaṃ, bhante, sakkhidiṭṭhaṃ yato tathāgato loke uppanno arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, dibbā kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyāti.

Gopakavatthu

   353. “Idheva, bhante, kapilavatthusmiṃ gopikā nāma sakyadhītā ahosi buddhe pasannā dhamme pasannā saṅghe pasannā sīlesu paripūrakārinī. Sā itthittaṃ virājetvā purisattaṃ bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā. Devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ amhākaṃ puttattaṃ ajjhupagatā. Tatrapi naṃ evaṃ jānanti– ‘gopako devaputto, gopako devaputto’ti. Aññepi, bhante, tayo bhikkhū bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ caritvā hīnaṃ gandhabbakāyaṃ upapannā. Te pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārayamānā amhākaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchanti amhākaṃ pāricariyaṃ. Te amhākaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ āgate amhākaṃ pāricariyaṃ gopako devaputto paṭicodesi ‘kutomukhā nāma tumhe mārisā, tassa bhagavato dhammaṃ assuttha – ahañhi nāma itthikā samānā buddhe pasannā dhamme pasannā saṅghe pasannā sīlesu paripūrakārinī itthittaṃ virājetvā purisattaṃ bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā, devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ sakkassa devānamindassa puttattaṃ ajjhupagatā. Idhāpi maṃ evaṃ jānanti “gopako devaputto gopako devaputto’ti. Tumhe pana, mārisā, bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ caritvā hīnaṃ gandhabbakāyaṃ upapannā. Duddiṭṭharūpaṃ vata, bho, addasāma, ye mayaṃ addasāma sahadhammike hīnaṃ gandhabbakāyaṃ upapanne’ti. Tesaṃ, bhante, gopakena devaputtena paṭicoditānaṃ dve devā diṭṭheva dhamme satiṃ paṭilabhiṃsu kāyaṃ brahmapurohitaṃ, eko pana devo kāme ajjhāvasi.

   354.“‘Upāsikā cakkhumato ahosiṃ,

   Nāmampi mayhaṃ ahu ‘gopikā’ti.

   Buddhe ca dhamme ca abhippasannā,

   Saṅghañcupaṭṭhāsiṃ pasannacittā.

   “‘Tasseva buddhassa sudhammatāya,

   Sakkassa puttomhi mahānubhāvo.

   Mahājutīko tidivūpapanno,

   Jānanti maṃ idhāpi ‘gopako’ti.

   “‘Athaddasaṃ bhikkhavo diṭṭhapubbe,

   Gandhabbakāyūpagate vasīne.

   Imehi te gotamasāvakāse,

   Ye ca mayaṃ pubbe manussabhūtā.

   “‘Annena pānena upaṭṭhahimhā,

   Pādūpasaṅgayha sake nivesane.

   Kutomukhā nāma ime bhavanto,

   Buddhassa dhammāni paṭiggahesuṃ.

   “‘Paccattaṃ veditabbo hi dhammo,

   Sudesito cakkhumatānubuddho.

   Ahañhi tumheva upāsamāno,

   Sutvāna ariyāna subhāsitāni.

   “‘Sakkassa puttomhi mahānubhāvo,

   Mahājutīko tidivūpapanno.

   Tumhe pana seṭṭhamupāsamānā,

   Anuttaraṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritvā.

   “‘Hīnaṃ kāyaṃ upapannā bhavanto,

   Anānulomā bhavatūpapatti.

   Duddiṭṭharūpaṃ vata addasāma,

   Sahadhammike hīnakāyūpapanne.

   “‘Gandhabbakāyūpagatā bhavanto,

   Devānamāgacchatha pāricariyaṃ.

   Agāre vasato mayhaṃ,

   Imaṃ passa visesataṃ.

   “‘Itthī hutvā svajja pumomhi devo,

   Dibbehi kāmehi samaṅgibhūto’.

   Te coditā gotamasāvakena,

   Saṃvegamāpādu samecca gopakaṃ.

   “‘Handa viyāyāma byāyāma,

   Mā no mayaṃ parapessā ahumhā’.

   Tesaṃ duve vīriyamārabhiṃsu,

   Anussaraṃ gotamasāsanāni.

   “Idheva cittāni virājayitvā,

   Kāmesu ādīnavamaddasaṃsu.

   Te kāmasaṃyojanabandhanāni,

   Pāpimayogāni duraccayāni.

   “Nāgova sannāni guṇāni chetvā,

   Deve tāvatiṃse atikkamiṃsu.

   Sa-indā devā sapajāpatikā,

   Sabbe sudhammāya sabhāyupaviṭṭhā.

   “Tesaṃ nisinnānaṃ abhikkamiṃsu,

   Vīrā virāgā virajaṃ karontā.

   Te disvā saṃvegamakāsi vāsavo,

   Devābhibhū devagaṇassa majjhe.

   “‘Imehi te hīnakāyūpapannā,

   Deve tāvatiṃse abhikkamanti’.

   Saṃvegajātassa vaco nisamma,

   So gopako vāsavamajjhabhāsi.

   “‘Buddho janindatthi manussaloke,

   Kāmābhibhū sakyamunīti ñāyati.

   Tasseva te puttā satiyā vihīnā,

   Coditā mayā te satimajjhalatthuṃ.

   “‘Tiṇṇaṃ tesaṃ āvasinettha eko,

   Gandhabbakāyūpagato vasīno.

   Dve ca sambodhipathānusārino,

   Devepi hīḷenti samāhitattā.

   “‘Etādisī dhammappakāsanettha,

   Na tattha kiṃkaṅkhati koci sāvako.

   Nitiṇṇa-oghaṃ vicikicchachinnaṃ,

   Buddhaṃ namassāma jinaṃ janindaṃ’.

   “Yaṃ te dhammaṃ idhaññāya,

   Visesaṃ ajjhagaṃsu te.

   Kāyaṃ brahmapurohitaṃ,

   Duve tesaṃ visesagū.

   “Tassa dhammassa pattiyā,

   Āgatamhāsi mārisa.

   Katāvakāsā bhagavatā,

   Pañhaṃ pucchemu mārisā”ti.

   355. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi– “dīgharattaṃ visuddho kho ayaṃ yakkho, yaṃ kiñci maṃ pañhaṃ pucchissati, sabbaṃ taṃ atthasañhitaṃyeva pucchissati, no anatthasañhitaṃ. Yañcassāhaṃ puṭṭho byākarissāmi, taṃ khippameva ājānissatī”ti.

   356. Atha kho bhagavā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

   “Puccha vāsava maṃ pañhaṃ, yaṃ kiñci manasicchasi;

   Tassa tasseva pañhassa, ahaṃ antaṃ karomi te”ti.

Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito

   357. Katāvakāso sakko devānamindo bhagavatā imaṃ bhagavantaṃ paṭhamaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi–

   “Kiṃ saṃyojanā nu kho, mārisa, devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā, te– ‘averā adaṇḍā asapattā abyāpajjā viharemu averino’ti iti ca nesaṃ hoti, atha ca pana saverā sadaṇḍā sasapattā sabyāpajjā viharanti saverino”ti? Itthaṃ sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi. Tassa bhagavā pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi–

   “Issāmacchariyasaṃyojanā kho, devānaminda, devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā, te– ‘averā adaṇḍā asapattā abyāpajjā viharemu averino’ti iti ca nesaṃ hoti, atha ca pana saverā sadaṇḍā sasapattā sabyāpajjā viharanti saverino”ti. Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi– “evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata. Tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā”ti.

   358. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi–

   “Issāmacchariyaṃ pana, mārisa, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ; kismiṃ sati issāmacchariyaṃ hoti; kismiṃ asati issāmacchariyaṃ na hotī”ti? “Issāmacchariyaṃ kho, devānaminda, piyāppiyanidānaṃ piyāppiyasamudayaṃ piyāppiyajātikaṃ piyāppiyapabhavaṃ; piyāppiye sati issāmacchariyaṃ hoti, piyāppiye asati issāmacchariyaṃ na hotī”ti.

   “Piyāppiyaṃ kho pana, mārisa, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ; kismiṃ sati piyāppiyaṃ hoti; kismiṃ asati piyāppiyaṃ na hotī”ti? “Piyāppiyaṃ kho, devānaminda, chandanidānaṃ chandasamudayaṃ chandajātikaṃ chandapabhavaṃ; chande sati piyāppiyaṃ hoti; chande asati piyāppiyaṃ na hotī”ti.

   “Chando kho pana, mārisa, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo; kismiṃ sati chando hoti; kismiṃ asati chando na hotī”ti? “Chando kho, devānaminda, vitakkanidāno vitakkasamudayo vitakkajātiko vitakkapabhavo; vitakke sati chando hoti; vitakke asati chando na hotī”ti.

   “Vitakko kho pana, mārisa, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo; kismiṃ sati vitakko hoti; kismiṃ asati vitakko na hotī”ti? “Vitakko kho, devānaminda, papañcasaññāsaṅkhānidāno papañcasaññāsaṅkhāsamudayo papañcasaññāsaṅkhā-jātiko papañcasaññāsaṅkhāpabhavo; papañcasaññāsaṅkhāya sati vitakko hoti; papañcasaññāsaṅkhāya asati vitakko na hotī”ti.

   “Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu papañcasaññāsaṅkhānirodha-sāruppagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī”ti?

Vedanākammaṭṭhānaṃ

   359. “Somanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Domanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi.

   360. “Somanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me somanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me somanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃ ce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te paṇītatare. Somanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti. Iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.

   361. “Domanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampīti. Iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā domanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me domanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpaṃ domanassaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā domanassaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me domanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpaṃ domanassaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃ ce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te paṇītatare. Domanassaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampī’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.

   362. “Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā upekkhaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me upekkhaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpā upekkhā na sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ jaññā upekkhaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me upekkhaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpā upekkhā sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃ ce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te paṇītatare. Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.

   363. “Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, devānaminda, bhikkhu papañcasaññāsaṅkhānirodhasāruppagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotī”ti. Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi– “evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata, tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā”ti.

Pātimokkhasaṃvaro

   364. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi–

   “Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī”ti? “Kāyasamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Vacīsamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Pariyesanaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbam”pi.

   “Kāyasamācāraṃpāhaṃ devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā kāyasamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me kāyasamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo kāyasamācāro na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā kāyasamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me kāyasamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo kāyasamācāro sevitabbo. Kāyasamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.

   “Vacīsamācāraṃpāhaṃ devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampī’ti. Iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā vacīsamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me vacīsamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpo vacīsamācāro na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā vacīsamācāraṃ ‘imaṃ kho me vacīsamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpo vacīsamācāro sevitabbo. Vacīsamācāraṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.

   “Pariyesanaṃpāhaṃ devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tattha yaṃ jaññā pariyesanaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me pariyesanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’ti, evarūpā pariyesanā na sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ jaññā pariyesanaṃ ‘imaṃ kho me pariyesanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’ti, evarūpā pariyesanā sevitabbā. Pariyesanaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampīti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.

   “Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, devānaminda, bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī”ti. Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi– “evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata. Tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā”ti.

Indriyasaṃvaro

   365. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi–

   “Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana, mārisa, bhikkhu indriyasaṃvarāya paṭipanno hotī”ti? “Cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Sotaviññeyyaṃ saddaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Ghānaviññeyyaṃ gandhaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Jivhāviññeyyaṃ rasaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Kāyaviññeyyaṃ phoṭṭhabbaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampi. Manoviññeyyaṃ dhammaṃpāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi– sevitabbampi, asevitabbampī”ti.

   Evaṃ vutte, sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–

   “Imassa kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Yathārūpaṃ, bhante, cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ na sevitabbaṃ Yathārūpañca kho, bhante, cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Yathārūpañca kho, bhante, sotaviññeyyaṃ saddaṃ sevato …pe… ghānaviññeyyaṃ gandhaṃ sevato… jivhāviññeyyaṃ rasaṃ sevato… kāyaviññeyyaṃ phoṭṭhabbaṃ sevato… manoviññeyyaṃ dhammaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpo manoviññeyyo dhammo na sevitabbo. Yathārūpañca kho, bhante, manoviññeyyaṃ dhammaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evarūpo manoviññeyyo dhammo sevitabbo.

   “Imassa kho me, bhante, bhagavatā saṅkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānato tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā”ti.

   366. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ uttariṃ pañhaṃ apucchi–

   “Sabbeva nu kho, mārisa, samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekanta-ajjhosānā”ti? “Na kho, devānaminda, sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekanta-ajjhosānā”ti.

   “Kasmā pana, mārisa, na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekanta-ajjhosānā”ti? “Anekadhātu nānādhātu kho, devānaminda, loko. Tasmiṃ anekadhātunānādhātusmiṃ loke yaṃ yadeva sattā dhātuṃ abhinivisanti, taṃ tadeva thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharanti– ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamaññan’ti. Tasmā na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā ekantavādā ekantasīlā ekantachandā ekanta-ajjhosānā”ti.

   “Sabbeva nu kho, mārisa, samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā Accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā”ti? “Na kho, devānaminda, sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā”ti.

   “Kasmā pana, mārisa, na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā”ti? “Ye kho, devānaminda, bhikkhū taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttā te accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā. Tasmā na sabbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā accantaniṭṭhā accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosānā”ti.

   Itthaṃ bhagavā sakkassa devānamindassa pañhaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi. Attamano sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi anumodi– “evametaṃ, bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata. Tiṇṇā mettha kaṅkhā vigatā kathaṃkathā bhagavato pañhaveyyākaraṇaṃ sutvā”ti.

   367. Itiha sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–

   “Ejā, bhante, rogo, ejā gaṇḍo, ejā sallaṃ, ejā imaṃ purisaṃ parikaḍḍhati tassa tasseva bhavassa abhinibbattiyā. Tasmā ayaṃ puriso uccāvacamāpajjati Yesāhaṃ, bhante, pañhānaṃ ito bahiddhā aññesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu okāsakammampi nālatthaṃ, te me bhagavatā byākatā. Dīgharattānusayitañca pana me vicikicchākathaṃkathāsallaṃ, tañca bhagavatā abbuḷhan”ti.

   “Abhijānāsi no tvaṃ, devānaminda, ime pañhe aññe samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchitā”ti? “Abhijānāmahaṃ, bhante, ime pañhe aññe samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchitā”ti. “Yathā kathaṃ pana te, devānaminda, byākaṃsu? Sace te agaru bhāsassū”ti. “Na kho me, bhante, garu yatthassa bhagavā nisinno bhagavantarūpo vā”ti. “Tena hi, devānaminda, bhāsassū”ti. “Yesvāhaṃ, bhante maññāmi samaṇabrāhmaṇā āraññikā pantasenāsanāti, tyāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ime pañhe pucchāmi, te mayā puṭṭhā na sampāyanti, asampāyantā mamaṃyeva paṭipucchanti– ‘ko nāmo āyasmā’ti? Tesāhaṃ puṭṭho byākaromi – ‘ahaṃ kho, mārisa, sakko devānamindo’ti. Te mamaṃyeva uttari paṭipucchanti– ‘kiṃ panāyasmā, devānaminda, kammaṃ katvā imaṃ ṭhānaṃ patto’ti? Tesāhaṃ yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ desemi. Te tāvatakeneva attamanā honti– ‘sakko ca no devānamindo diṭṭho, yañca no apucchimhā, tañca no byākāsī’ti. Te aññadatthu mamaṃyeva sāvakā sampajjanti, na cāhaṃ tesaṃ. Ahaṃ kho pana, bhante, bhagavato sāvako sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo”ti

Somanassapaṭilābhakathā

   368. “Abhijānāsi no tvaṃ, devānaminda, ito pubbe evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhan”ti? “Abhijānāmahaṃ bhante, ito pubbe evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhan”ti. “Yathā kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, devānaminda, abhijānāsi ito pubbe evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhan”ti?

   “Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhante, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho ahosi. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhante, saṅgāme devā jiniṃsu, asurā parājayiṃsu. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, taṃ saṅgāmaṃ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmassa etadahosi– ‘yā ceva dāni dibbā ojā yā ca asurā ojā, ubhayametaṃ devā paribhuñjissantī’ti. So kho pana me, bhante, vedapaṭilābho somanassapaṭilābho sadaṇḍāvacaro sasatthāvacaro na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati. Yo kho pana me ayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā vedapaṭilābho somanassapaṭilābho, so adaṇḍāvacaro asatthāvacaro ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī”ti.

   369. “Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, devānaminda, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedesī”ti? “Cha kho ahaṃ, bhante, atthavase sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.

   “Idheva tiṭṭhamānassa, devabhūtassa me sato;

   Punarāyu ca me laddho, evaṃ jānāhi mārisa.

   “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, paṭhamaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.

   “Cutāhaṃ diviyā kāyā, āyuṃ hitvā amānusaṃ;

   Amūḷho gabbhamessāmi, yattha me ramatī mano.

   “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, dutiyaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.

   “Svāhaṃ amūḷhapaññassa, viharaṃ sāsane rato;

   Ñāyena viharissāmi, sampajāno paṭissato.

   “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, tatiyaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.

   “Ñāyena me carato ca, sambodhi ce bhavissati;

   Aññātā viharissāmi, sveva anto bhavissati.

   “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, catutthaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.

   “Cutāhaṃ mānusā kāyā, āyuṃ hitvāna mānusaṃ;

   Puna devo bhavissāmi, devalokamhi uttamo.

   “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, pañcamaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.

   “Te paṇītatarā devā, akaniṭṭhā yasassino;

   Antime vattamānamhi, so nivāso bhavissati.

   “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, chaṭṭhaṃ atthavasaṃ sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.

   “Ime kho ahaṃ, bhante, cha atthavase sampassamāno evarūpaṃ vedapaṭilābhaṃ somanassapaṭilābhaṃ pavedemi.

   370.“Apariyositasaṅkappo vicikiccho kathaṃkathī.

   Vicariṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, anvesanto tathāgataṃ.

   “Yassu maññāmi samaṇe, pavivittavihārino;

   Sambuddhā iti maññāno, gacchāmi te upāsituṃ.

   “‘Kathaṃ ārādhanā hoti, kathaṃ hoti virādhanā’;

   Iti puṭṭhā na sampāyanti, magge paṭipadāsu ca.

   “Tyassu yadā maṃ jānanti, sakko devānamāgato;

   Tyassu mameva pucchanti, ‘kiṃ katvā pāpuṇī idaṃ’.

   “Tesaṃ yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ, desayāmi jane sutaṃ;

   Tena attamanā honti, ‘diṭṭho no vāsavoti ca’.

   “Yadā ca buddhamaddakkhiṃ, vicikicchāvitāraṇaṃ;

   Somhi vītabhayo ajja, sambuddhaṃ payirupāsiya.

   “Taṇhāsallassa hantāraṃ, buddhaṃ appaṭipuggalaṃ;

   Ahaṃ vande mahāvīraṃ, buddhamādiccabandhunaṃ.

   “Yaṃ karomasi brahmuno, samaṃ devehi mārisa;

   Tadajja tuyhaṃ kassāma, handa sāmaṃ karoma te.

   “Tvameva asi sambuddho, tuvaṃ satthā anuttaro;

   Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi te paṭipuggalo”ti.

   371. Atha kho sakko devānamindo pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbaputtaṃ āmantesi– “bahūpakāro kho mesi tvaṃ, tāta pañcasikha, yaṃ tvaṃ bhagavantaṃ paṭhamaṃ pasādesi. Tayā, tāta, paṭhamaṃ pasāditaṃ pacchā mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamimhā arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ. Pettike vā ṭhāne ṭhapayissāmi gandhabbarājā bhavissasi, bhaddañca te sūriyavacchasaṃ dammi, sā hi te abhipatthitā”ti.

   Atha kho sakko devānamindo pāṇinā pathaviṃ parāmasitvā tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānesi– “Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassā”ti.

   Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne sakkassa devānamindassa virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi– “yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamman”ti. Aññesañca asītiyā devatāsahassānaṃ iti ye sakkena devānamindena ajjhiṭṭhapañhā puṭṭhā te bhagavatā byākatā. Tasmā imassa veyyākaraṇassa sakkapañhātveva adhivacananti.

   Sakkapañhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.


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