长部11经/给氏子经(戒蕴品[第一])

【给氏子的故事】

如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在那烂陀城的波婆利迦芒果园里。那时，给氏的儿子来到世尊所在处，到达后向世尊行礼，然后坐在一旁。坐好后，给氏子对世尊说："尊者，这个那烂陀城非常富裕繁荣，人口众多，人们都对世尊很有信心。善哉，世尊，请指示一位比丘，让他显现超人法神变，这样那烂陀城的人们会更加信仰世尊。"听到这话，世尊对给氏子说："给氏，我不会这样教导比丘们：'来吧，比丘们，去给穿白衣的在家人表演超人法神变。'"

给氏子第二次对世尊说："尊者，我不是要贬低世尊，我只是说：'这个那烂陀城非常富裕繁荣，人口众多，人们都对世尊很有信心。善哉，世尊，请指示一位比丘，让他显现超人法神变，这样那烂陀城的人们会更加信仰世尊。'"世尊第二次对给氏子说："给氏，我不会这样教导比丘们：'来吧，比丘们，去给穿白衣的在家人表演超人法神变。'"

给氏子第三次对世尊说："尊者，我不是要贬低世尊，我只是说：'这个那烂陀城非常富裕繁荣，人口众多，人们都对世尊很有信心。善哉，世尊，请指示一位比丘，让他显现超人法神变，这样那烂陀城的人们会更加信仰世尊。'"

【神通神变】

"给氏，有三种神变是我亲身证知并且宣说的。是哪三种？神通神变、记心神变、教诫神变。"

"给氏，什么是神通神变？在这里，一位比丘能够展现多种神通：能从一个人变成多人，从多人变回一人；能显现和隐藏；能穿过墙壁、围墙、山岳而行，不受阻碍，如同在空中；能在地上出没如同在水中；能在水上行走而不破水面，如同在地上；能像鸟儿一样在空中结跏趺坐而行；能用手触摸、抚摸这些有大威力大神通的日月；能以身体到达梵天界。"

"某个有信仰的人看见这位比丘展现各种神通：从一变多，从多变一；显现隐藏；穿墙过壁，穿山越岭，不受阻碍，如行空中；在地中出没如在水中；在水上行走不破水面，如履平地；在空中结跏趺坐而行，如同飞鸟；用手触摸抚摸有大威力的日月；身体能到达梵天界。"

"这个有信仰的人就会告诉一个没有信仰的人说：'真是神奇，真是稀有！沙门有如此大神力大威德。我亲眼看见这位比丘显现各种神通：从一变多，从多变一......身体能到达梵天界。'"

"那个没有信仰的人会对这个有信仰的人说：'有一种叫甘陀利的咒术，那位比丘就是用这种咒术才能显现各种神通：从一变多，从多变一......身体能到达梵天界。'"

"给氏，你觉得那个没信仰的人会不会这样说？"

"会的，尊者。"

"给氏，正是因为看到神通神变有这样的过患，所以我对神通神变感到厌恶、羞耻、嫌恶。"

【记心神变】

"给氏，什么是记心神变？在这里，比丘能够知道其他众生、其他人的心，能说出他们的心理活动，能说出他们的想法和思维：'你的心是这样的，你在想这个，你的心念是那样的。'"

"某个有信仰的人看见这位比丘能知道其他众生、其他人的心，能说出他们的心理活动，能说出他们的想法和思维：'你的心是这样的，你在想这个，你的心念是那样的。'"

"这个有信仰的人就会告诉一个没有信仰的人说：'真是神奇，真是稀有！沙门有如此大神力大威德。我亲眼看见这位比丘能知道其他众生、其他人的心，能说出他们的心理活动，能说出他们的想法和思维：'你的心是这样的，你在想这个，你的心念是那样的。''"

"那个没有信仰的人会对这个有信仰的人说：'有一种叫摩尼咒的咒术，那位比丘就是用这种咒术才能知道其他众生、其他人的心，才能说出他们的心理活动，才能说出他们的想法和思维。'"

"给氏，你觉得那个没信仰的人会不会这样说？"

"会的，尊者。"

"给氏，正是因为看到记心神变有这样的过患，所以我对记心神变感到厌恶、羞耻、嫌恶。"

【教诫神变】

"给氏，什么是教诫神变？在这里，比丘这样教导：'你们要这样想，不要那样想；要这样作意，不要那样作意；要舍弃这个，要证得并安住于这个。'这就叫做教诫神变。"

"再者，给氏，如来出现于世，是阿罗汉、正等觉者...(此处应如长部2经 沙门果经第190-212段那样详细说明)。这样，给氏，比丘具足戒行...证得并安住于初禅。这也叫做教诫神变...证得第二禅...第三禅...第四禅。这也叫做教诫神变...为了智见而引导、倾向其心...这也叫做教诫神变...了知没有再生...这也叫做教诫神变。"

"这就是我亲身证知并且宣说的三种神变。"

【寻求四大元素灭尽之比丘的故事】

"给氏，从前在这比丘僧团中，有一位比丘生起这样的念头：'这四大元素 - 地、水、火、风，在哪里才会完全灭尽呢？'"

"于是这位比丘进入如此深定，在定中现出通往天界的道路。他来到四大天王天的天神那里，问道：'朋友们，四大元素 - 地、水、火、风在哪里完全灭尽？'"

"听到这话，四大天王天的天神对这位比丘说：'比丘，我们也不知道四大元素在哪里完全灭尽。但是有四大天王，他们比我们更殊胜、更尊贵。他们或许知道四大元素在哪里完全灭尽。'"

"于是这位比丘来到四大天王那里，问道：'朋友们，四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'四大天王回答说：'比丘，我们也不知道四大元素在哪里完全灭尽。但是有三十三天的天神，他们比我们更殊胜、更尊贵。他们或许知道四大元素在哪里完全灭尽。'"

"于是这位比丘来到三十三天的天神那里，问道：'朋友们，四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'三十三天的天神回答说：'比丘，我们也不知道。但是有一位名叫帝释的天王，他比我们更殊胜、更尊贵。他或许知道四大元素在哪里完全灭尽。'"

"于是这位比丘来到帝释天王那里，问道：'朋友，四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'帝释天王回答说：'比丘，我也不知道。但是有夜摩天...兜率天...化乐天...他化自在天...他化自在天王，他们比我更殊胜、更尊贵。他们或许知道四大元素在哪里完全灭尽。'"

"于是这位比丘来到他化自在天王那里，问道：'朋友，四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'他化自在天王回答说：'比丘，我也不知道。但是有梵众天的天神，他们比我们更殊胜、更尊贵。他们或许知道四大元素在哪里完全灭尽。'"

"于是这位比丘进入如此深定，在定中现出通往梵天界的道路。他来到梵众天的天神那里，问道：'朋友们，四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'梵众天的天神回答说：'比丘，我们也不知道。但是有大梵天，他是无能胜者、全见者、主宰者、创造者、化生者、至高者、调御者、自在者、众生之父，他比我们更殊胜、更尊贵。他一定知道四大元素在哪里完全灭尽。'"

"'朋友们，现在大梵天在哪里？'

'比丘，我们也不知道大梵天在哪里、从哪里来、往哪里去。但是当出现这些征兆：光明出现、光芒显现时，大梵天就要出现了。这些光明和光芒是大梵天即将出现的前兆。'不久之后，大梵天就出现了。"

"于是这位比丘来到大梵天面前，问道：'朋友，四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'大梵天回答说：'比丘，我是梵天、大梵天、无能胜者、全见者、主宰者、创造者、化生者、至高者、调御者、自在者、众生之父。'"

"这位比丘第二次对大梵天说：'朋友，我不是问你是不是梵天、大梵天、无能胜者、全见者、主宰者、创造者、化生者、至高者、调御者、自在者、众生之父。我是在问：四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'"

"大梵天第二次对这位比丘说：'我是梵天、大梵天、无能胜者、全见者、主宰者、创造者、化生者、至高者、调御者、自在者、众生之父。'"

"这位比丘第三次对大梵天说：'朋友，我不是问你是不是梵天、大梵天、无能胜者、全见者、主宰者、创造者、化生者、至高者、调御者、自在者、众生之父。我是在问：四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'"

"这时，大梵天拉着这位比丘的手臂，把他拉到一边，对他说：'比丘，这些梵众天的天神认为我无所不知，没有什么是我看不见的，没有什么是我不了解的，没有什么是我不能证得的。所以我不能在他们面前回答。比丘，我其实也不知道四大元素在哪里完全灭尽。因此，你犯了一个错误，你走错了路，你离开了世尊去别处寻求这个问题的答案。比丘，你应该回去问世尊这个问题。世尊怎么回答，你就应该怎么记住。'"

"于是这位比丘，就像壮士伸直弯曲的手臂或弯曲伸直的手臂那样快速地，从梵天界消失，出现在我面前。他向我行礼后坐在一边，然后问道：'尊者，四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'"

【海鸟的比喻】

"听到这个问题，我对这位比丘说：'比丘，从前有些航海商人带着一只能看见海岸的鸟出海。当看不见陆地时，他们就放飞这只鸟。这只鸟飞向东方、南方、西方、北方、上方和四维。如果它看见周围有陆地，就会飞去那里。如果看不见陆地，就会回到船上。同样地，你虽然寻访到梵天界，却找不到这个问题的答案，最后还是回到我这里。比丘，这个问题不应该这样问：'四大元素在哪里完全灭尽？'"

"比丘，这个问题应该这样问：

'水和地、火和风在何处不立足？

长与短、细与粗、美与丑在何处？

名与色在何处完全灭尽？'"

"对此问题的答案是：

'在无相、无量、光明遍照的识中，

水和地、火和风在此不立足。

长与短、细与粗、美与丑，

名与色在此完全灭尽。

随着识的灭尽，

这一切都在此灭尽。'"

世尊说完这些话。给氏子欢喜赞叹世尊所说。

给氏子经终。

这部经主要讲述了三种神变(神通神变、记心神变、教诫神变)的内容，以及通过一个比丘寻访诸天询问四大元素灭尽之处的故事，最后以世尊用海鸟的比喻和对四大元素灭尽处的开示作结。整个经文展现了佛陀对神通的态度，以及对究竟解脱境界的深刻阐述。

世尊通过这个教导说明：真正的修行不在于追求神通，而在于寻求究竟解脱。而解脱的境界不是通过向外追寻可以找到的，而是要通过内在的修证才能实现。在"无相、无量、光明遍照的识"中，一切相对的概念和物质元素都得到超越，这才是真正的解脱境界。

巴利语原版经文

DN.11/(11) Kevaṭṭasuttaṃ

Kevaṭṭagahapatiputtavatthu

　　 481. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane. Atha kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati; evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī”ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā kevaṭṭaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca– “na kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karothā”ti.

　　 482. Dutiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “nāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dhaṃsemi; api ca, evaṃ vadāmi – ‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati; evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’”ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā kevaṭṭaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca– “na kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ dhammaṃ desemi– etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karothā’”ti.

　　 Tatiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “nāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dhaṃsemi; api ca, evaṃ vadāmi– ‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati. Evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’ti.

Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ

　　 483. “Tīṇi kho imāni, kevaṭṭa, pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.

　　 484. “Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti. Ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃ mahiddhike evaṃ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.

　　 “Tamenaṃ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṃ bhikkhuṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhontaṃ– ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṃ; āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamānaṃ gacchantaṃ seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karontaṃ seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchantaṃ seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamantaṃ seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃ mahiddhike evaṃ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasantaṃ parimajjantaṃ yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattentaṃ.

　　 “Tamenaṃ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti– ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṃ bhikkhuṃ addasaṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhontaṃ– ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṃ …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattentan’ti.

　　 “Tamenaṃ so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘atthi kho, bho, gandhārī nāma vijjā. Tāya so bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti– ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattetī’ti.

　　 “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyyā”ti? “Vadeyya, bhante”ti. “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriye ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno iddhipāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi”.

Ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ

　　 485. “Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati– ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’ti.

　　 “Tamenaṃ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṃ bhikkhuṃ parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisantaṃ, cetasikampi ādisantaṃ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṃ, vicāritampi ādisantaṃ– ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’ti. Tamenaṃ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti– ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṃ bhikkhuṃ addasaṃ parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisantaṃ, cetasikampi ādisantaṃ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṃ, vicāritampi ādisantaṃ– “evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’”ti.

　　 “Tamenaṃ so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘atthi kho, bho, maṇikā nāma vijjā; tāya so bhikkhu parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati– ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan’”ti.

　　 “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyyā”ti “Vadeyya, bhante”ti. “Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriye ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno ādesanāpāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi”.

Anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ

　　 486. “Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu evamanusāsati– ‘evaṃ vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayittha, evaṃ manasikarotha, mā evaṃ manasākattha, idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.

　　 “Puna caparaṃ, kevaṭṭa, idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho …pe… (yathā 190-212anucchedesu evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ). Evaṃ kho, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti …pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ …pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ …pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti …pe… idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ …pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti …pe… idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.

　　 “Imāni kho, kevaṭṭa, tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni”.

Bhūtanirodhesakabhikkhuvatthu

　　 487. “Bhūtapubbaṃ, kevaṭṭa, imasmiññeva bhikkhusaṅghe aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi– ‘kattha nu kho ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?

　　 488. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte devayāniyo maggo pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cātumahārājikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cātumahārājike deve etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?

　　 “Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cātumahārājikā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ– ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, cattāro mahārājāno amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.

　　 489. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cattāro mahārājāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattāro mahārāje etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cattāro mahārājāno taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ– ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, tāvatiṃsā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.

　　 490. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena tāvatiṃsā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāvatiṃse deve etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, tāvatiṃsā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ– ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, sakko nāma devānamindo amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.

　　 491. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena sakko devānamindo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, sakko devānamindo taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca– ‘ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, yāmā nāma devā …pe… suyāmo nāma devaputto… tusitā nāma devā… santussito nāma devaputto… nimmānaratī nāma devā sunimmito nāma devaputto… paranimmitavasavattī nāma devā… vasavattī nāma devaputto amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.

　　 492. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena vasavattī devaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vasavattiṃ devaputtaṃ etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte kevaṭṭa, vasavattī devaputto taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca– ‘ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.

　　 493. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte brahmayāniyo maggo pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena brahmakāyikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā brahmakāyike deve etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, brahmakāyikā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ– ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānaṃ amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū”ti.

　　 “‘Kahaṃ panāvuso, etarahi so mahābrahmā’ti? ‘Mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yattha vā brahmā yena vā brahmā yahiṃ vā brahmā; api ca, bhikkhu, yathā nimittā dissanti, āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati, brahmā pātubhavissati, brahmuno hetaṃ pubbanimittaṃ pātubhāvāya, yadidaṃ āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavatī’ti. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā nacirasseva pāturahosi

　　 494. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena so mahābrahmā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū”ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, so mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca– ‘ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan’ti.

　　 “Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘na khohaṃ taṃ, āvuso, evaṃ pucchāmi– “tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan”ti. Evañca kho ahaṃ taṃ, āvuso, pucchāmi– “kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’”ti?

　　 “Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan’ti. Tatiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca– ‘na khohaṃ taṃ, āvuso, evaṃ pucchāmi– “tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan”ti. Evañca kho ahaṃ taṃ, āvuso, pucchāmi– “kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’”ti?

　　 495. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ apanetvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca ‘ime kho maṃ, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā devā evaṃ jānanti, “natthi kiñci brahmuno aññātaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno adiṭṭhaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno aviditaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno asacchikatan”ti. Tasmāhaṃ tesaṃ sammukhā na byākāsiṃ. Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Tasmātiha, bhikkhu, tuyhevetaṃ dukkaṭaṃ, tuyhevetaṃ aparaddhaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ atidhāvitvā bahiddhā pariyeṭṭhiṃ āpajjasi imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Gaccha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, tameva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā imaṃ pañhaṃ puccha, yathā ca te bhagavā byākaroti, tathā naṃ dhāreyyāsī’ti.

　　 496. “Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu– seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva brahmaloke antarahito mama purato pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho, kevaṭṭa, so bhikkhu maṃ etadavoca– ‘kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?

Tīradassisakuṇupamā

　　 497. “Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhu, sāmuddikā vāṇijā tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ gahetvā nāvāya samuddaṃ ajjhogāhanti. Te atīradakkhiniyā nāvāya tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ muñcanti. So gacchateva puratthimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uttaraṃ disaṃ, gacchati uddhaṃ disaṃ, gacchati anudisaṃ. Sace so samantā tīraṃ passati, tathāgatakova hoti. Sace pana so samantā tīraṃ na passati, tameva nāvaṃ paccāgacchati. Evameva kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, yato yāva brahmalokā pariyesamāno imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇaṃ nājjhagā, atha mamaññeva santike paccāgato. Na kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo – ‘kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ– pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?

　　 498. “Evañca kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho pucchitabbo–

　　 ‘Kattha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati;

　　 Kattha dīghañca rassañca, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ.

　　 Kattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhatī’ti.

　　 499. “Tatra veyyākaraṇaṃ bhavati–

　　 ‘Viññāṇaṃ anidassanaṃ, anantaṃ sabbatopabhaṃ;

　　 Ettha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati.

　　 Ettha dīghañca rassañca, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ;

　　 Ettha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati.

　　 Viññāṇassa nirodhena, etthetaṃ uparujjhatī’ti.

　　 500. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.

　　 Kevaṭṭasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ ekādasamaṃ.