相应部2相应20经 给孤独经
相应部2相应20经/给孤独经(天子相应/有偈篇/祇夜)
这时,给孤独天子站在一旁,在世尊面前诵出这些偈颂:
"这就是祇园精舍,
为圣贤众所居住,
法王常住于此处,
使我心生无量喜。
业行、明智与正法,
戒律与最上生活,
人们因此得清净,
非由种姓或财富。
因此智者观己利,
如理思择正法义,
如此于法得清净。
如舍利弗具智慧,
持戒与寂静安详,
乃至比丘证彼岸,
这就是最高境界。"
给孤独天子说完这些话后,礼敬世尊,右绕三匝,就在那里消失了。
随后,世尊在那夜过后召集比丘们说:"比丘们,昨夜有一位天子在深夜时分,以殊胜的容色照亮整个祇园,来到我这里。他向我礼敬后,站在一旁,然后诵出这些偈颂:(重复上述偈颂)。"
"比丘们,那位天子说完这些话,礼敬我,右绕三匝后就在那里消失了。"
这时,尊者阿难对世尊说:"世尊,那一定是给孤独天子。给孤独居士生前对尊者舍利弗特别恭敬信仰。"
"说得好,说得好,阿难!你的推理已达到了可以推知的极限。阿难,他确实是给孤独天子。"
这是第二品给孤独品。
其摄颂:
月天与毗纽天,长立与欢喜天,
旃檀与婆修天,善梵与迦俱天,
第九说优多罗,第十给孤独天。
这篇经文主要讲述了往生天界的给孤独长者以天子身份回访佛陀,赞颂祇园精舍和正法的功德,并特别称赞了舍利弗的智慧、持戒与寂静等品质。经文强调真正的清净来自于正确的行为、智慧、正法和持戒,而不是来自种姓和财富。
巴利语原版经文
SN.2.20/(10). Anāthapiṇḍikasuttaṃ
101. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi–
“Idañhi taṃ jetavanaṃ, isisaṅghanisevitaṃ;
Āvutthaṃ dhammarājena, pītisañjananaṃ mama.
“Kammaṃ vijjā ca dhammo ca, sīlaṃ jīvitamuttamaṃ.
Etena maccā sujjhanti, na gottena dhanena vā.
“Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano;
Yoniso vicine dhammaṃ, evaṃ tattha visujjhati.
“Sāriputtova paññāya, sīlena upasamena ca;
Yopi pāraṅgato bhikkhu, etāvaparamo siyā”ti.
Idamavoca anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto. Idaṃ vatvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena bhikkhū āmantesi– “imaṃ, bhikkhave, rattiṃ aññataro devaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho, bhikkhave, so devaputto mama santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi–
“Idañhi taṃ jetavanaṃ, isisaṅghanisevitaṃ;
Āvutthaṃ dhammarājena, pītisañjananaṃ mama.
“Kammaṃ vijjā ca dhammo ca, sīlaṃ jīvitamuttamaṃ;
Etena maccā sujjhanti, na gottena dhanena vā.
“Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano;
Yoniso vicine dhammaṃ, evaṃ tattha visujjhati.
“Sāriputtova paññāya, sīlena upasamena ca;
Yopi pāraṅgato bhikkhu, etāvaparamo siyā”ti.
“Idamavoca, bhikkhave, so devaputto. Idaṃ vatvā maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī”ti.
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “so hi nūna, bhante, anāthapiṇḍiko devaputto bhavissati. Anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati āyasmante sāriputte abhippasanno ahosī”ti. “Sādhu sādhu, ānanda, yāvatakaṃ kho, ānanda, takkāya pattabbaṃ anuppattaṃ taṃ tayā. Anāthapiṇḍiko hi so, ānanda, devaputto”ti.
Anāthapiṇḍikavaggo dutiyo.
Tassuddānaṃ–
Candimaso ca veṇḍu ca, dīghalaṭṭhi ca nandano.
Candano vāsudatto ca, subrahmā kakudhena ca.
Uttaro navamo vutto, dasamo anāthapiṇḍikoti.