增支部3集71经

如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城东园鹿母讲堂。那时,鹿母毗舍佉在布萨日来到世尊处。来到后,向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的鹿母毗舍佉说:"毗舍佉,你今天从哪里来?"

"尊者,今天我正在守布萨。"

"毗舍佉,有三种布萨。是哪三种?牧牛人布萨、尼干布萨和圣者布萨。

毗舍佉,什么是牧牛人布萨?就像,毗舍佉,牧牛人在傍晚把牛交还给主人后,这样思考:'今天牛在某处某处吃草,在某处某处喝水;明天牛会在某处某处吃草,在某处某处喝水。'同样地,毗舍佉,某些持布萨者这样思考:'今天我吃了这样那样的硬食,吃了这样那样的软食;明天我将吃这样那样的硬食,吃这样那样的软食。'他以这种充满贪欲的心度过这一天。毗舍佉,这就是牧牛人布萨。毗舍佉,这样守持的牧牛人布萨不能带来大果报、大利益、大光辉、大影响。

毗舍佉,什么是尼干布萨?毗舍佉,有一种名为尼干的出家人。他们如此教导弟子:'来吧,善男子,对东方一百由旬内的众生放下棍杖;对西方一百由旬内的众生放下棍杖;对北方一百由旬内的众生放下棍杖;对南方一百由旬内的众生放下棍杖。'这样,他们教导对一些生命有怜悯和同情,对另一些生命则没有怜悯和同情。在布萨日,他们如此教导弟子:'来吧,善男子,脱下所有衣服,这样说:"我不属于任何人,任何地方,我也没有任何东西属于我。"'然而,他的父母知道:'这是我们的儿子';他也知道:'这些是我的父母'。他的妻儿知道:'这是我们的丈夫';他也知道:'这是我的妻儿'。他的奴仆和工人知道:'这是我们的主人';他也知道:'这些是我的奴仆和工人'。因此,在应该鼓励说实话的时候,他们却鼓励说谎。我说这是他的妄语。在那个夜晚过后,他继续享用未经给予的财物。我说这是他的不与取。毗舍佉,这就是尼干布萨。毗舍佉,这样守持的尼干布萨不能带来大果报、大利益、大光辉、大影响。

毗舍佉,什么是圣者布萨?毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?

在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念如来:'这位世尊是阿罗汉、正等正觉、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。'当他忆念如来时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起。心的污染被去除,就像,毗舍佉,通过努力净化受污染的头一样。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的头?依靠碱性物质、泥土、水和一个人适当的努力。毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的头。同样地,毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念如来:'这位世尊是阿罗汉、正等正觉、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。'当他忆念如来时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。毗舍佉,这被称为'圣弟子守持梵天布萨,与梵天同住,因梵天而使他的心清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。'毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的心。

毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念法:'法由世尊善说,直接可见,无时相,邀人亲证,向上,智者自知。'当他忆念法时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除,就像,毗舍佉,通过努力净化受污染的身体一样。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的身体?依靠搓澡板、粉末、水和一个人适当的努力。毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的身体。同样地,毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念法:'法由世尊善说,直接可见,无时相,邀人亲证,向上,智者自知。'当他忆念法时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。毗舍佉,这被称为'圣弟子守持法布萨,与法同住,因法而使他的心清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。'毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的心。

毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念僧伽:'世尊的弟子僧伽行道良善,世尊的弟子僧伽行道正直,世尊的弟子僧伽行道真实,世尊的弟子僧伽行道正确。即四双八辈。这就是世尊的弟子僧伽,值得供养,值得款待,值得布施,值得合掌,是世间无上的福田。'当他忆念僧伽时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除,就像,毗舍佉,通过努力净化受污染的衣服一样。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的衣服?依靠热、碱、牛粪、水和一个人适当的努力。毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的衣服。同样地,毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念僧伽:'世尊的弟子僧伽行道良善...是世间无上的福田。'当他忆念僧伽时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。毗舍佉,这被称为'圣弟子守持僧伽布萨,与僧伽同住,因僧伽而使他的心清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。'毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的心。

毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念自己的戒:'我的戒不破、不穿、不污、不杂,解脱,为智者所赞,不执取,导向定。'当他忆念戒时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除,就像,毗舍佉,通过努力净化受污染的镜子一样。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的镜子?依靠油、灰、毛刷和一个人适当的努力。毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的镜子。同样地,毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念自己的戒:'我的戒不破...导向定。'当他忆念戒时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。毗舍佉,这被称为'圣弟子守持戒布萨,与戒同住,因戒而使他的心清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。'毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的心。

毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念天神:'有四大王天,有三十三天,有夜摩天,有兜率天,有化乐天,有他化自在天,有梵众天,有更高的天。那些天神以如此的信心从这里命终生到那里,我也有那样的信心。那些天神以如此的戒从这里命终生到那里,我也有那样的戒。那些天神以如此的闻从这里命终生到那里,我也有那样的闻。那些天神以如此的施舍从这里命终生到那里,我也有那样的施舍。那些天神以如此的智慧从这里命终生到那里,我也有那样的智慧。'当他忆念自己和那些天神的信、戒、闻、施舍和智慧时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除,就像,毗舍佉,通过努力净化受污染的黄金一样。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的黄金?依靠炉、盐、赤铁矿、管子钳和一个人适当的努力。毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的黄金。同样地,毗舍佉,受污染的心通过努力得到净化。

毗舍佉,如何通过努力净化受污染的心?在这里,毗舍佉,圣弟子忆念天神:'有四大王天...有更高的天。那些天神以如此的信心从这里命终生到那里,我也有那样的信心...那些天神以如此的智慧从这里命终生到那里,我也有那样的智慧。'当他忆念自己和那些天神的信、戒、闻、施舍和智慧时,他的心变得清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。毗舍佉,这被称为'圣弟子守持天神布萨,与天神同住,因天神而使他的心清净,喜悦生起,心的污染被去除。'毗舍佉,这就是如何通过努力净化受污染的心。

那位圣弟子这样思考:'终生,阿罗汉们舍弃杀生,远离杀生,放下棍杖,放下武器,有羞耻心,有同情心,对一切生命怀有慈悲。今天这一夜这一天,我也舍弃杀生,远离杀生,放下棍杖,放下武器,有羞耻心,有同情心,对一切生命怀有慈悲。我以这一支分效法阿罗汉,我将守持布萨。

终生,阿罗汉们舍弃不与取,远离不与取,只取所给予的,期待所给予的,以不偷盗的清净自住。今天这一夜这一天,我也舍弃不与取,远离不与取,只取所给予的,期待所给予的,以不偷盗的清净自住。我以这一支分效法阿罗汉,我将守持布萨。

终生,阿罗汉们舍弃非梵行,是梵行者,远离淫欲,远离卑下的行为。今天这一夜这一天,我也舍弃非梵行,是梵行者,远离淫欲,远离卑下的行为。我以这一支分效法阿罗汉,我将守持布萨。

终生,阿罗汉们舍弃妄语,远离妄语,说实话,诚实,可信,不欺骗世间。今天这一夜这一天,我也舍弃妄语,远离妄语,说实话,诚实,可信,不欺骗世间。我以这一支分效法阿罗汉,我将守持布萨。

终生,阿罗汉们舍弃饮酒,远离饮酒。今天这一夜这一天,我也舍弃饮酒,远离饮酒。我以这一支分效法阿罗汉,我将守持布萨。

终生,阿罗汉们一日一食,不在非时食。今天这一夜这一天,我也一日一食,不在非时食。我以这一支分效法阿罗汉,我将守持布萨。

终生,阿罗汉们远离歌舞、音乐、观看表演,以及装饰、装扮自己用花环、香料、塑身品等。今天这一夜这一天,我也远离歌舞、音乐、观看表演,以及装饰、装扮自己用花环、香料、塑身品等。我以这一支分效法阿罗汉,我将守持布萨。

终生,阿罗汉们舍弃高床大床,卧低处,或床或草席。今天这一夜这一天,我也舍弃高床大床,卧低处,或床或草席。我以这一支分效法阿罗汉,我将守持布萨。'

毗舍佉,这就是圣者布萨。毗舍佉,这样守持的圣者布萨能带来大果报、大利益、大光辉、大影响。"

"能带来多大的果报、利益、光辉和影响呢?"

"毗舍佉,假如有人统治这十六大国,拥有丰富的七宝,即:昂伽国、摩揭陀国、迦尸国、拘萨罗国、跋耆国、末罗国、支提国、班伽国、俱卢国、般遮罗国、摩差国、苏罗西那国、阿湿波迦国、阿槃提国、健陀罗国、剑浮沙国,这也不及具足八支的布萨的十六分之一。为什么?毗舍佉,因为人间的王权与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。

毗舍佉,人间的五十年,是四大王天的一昼夜。以这样的三十夜为一月,以这样的十二月为一年,四大王天的寿命是五百天年。毗舍佉,有可能一位男子或女子,守持具足八支的布萨,身坏命终后,会生到四大王天中。毗舍佉,正是指这一点,我说人间的王权与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。

毗舍佉,人间的百年,是三十三天的一昼夜。以这样的三十夜为一月,以这样的十二月为一年,三十三天的寿命是一千天年。毗舍佉,有可能一位男子或女子,守持具足八支的布萨,身坏命终后,会生到三十三天中。毗舍佉,正是指这一点,我说人间的王权与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。

毗舍佉,人间的二百年,是夜摩天的一昼夜。以这样的三十夜为一月,以这样的十二月为一年,夜摩天的寿命是二千天年。毗舍佉,有可能一位男子或女子,守持具足八支的布萨,身坏命终后,会生到夜摩天中。毗舍佉,正是指这一点,我说人间的王权与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。

毗舍佉,人间的四百年,是兜率天的一昼夜。以这样的三十夜为一月,以这样的十二月为一年,兜率天的寿命是四千天年。毗舍佉,有可能一位男子或女子,守持具足八支的布萨,身坏命终后,会生到兜率天中。毗舍佉,正是指这一点,我说人间的王权与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。

毗舍佉,人间的八百年,是化乐天的一昼夜。以这样的三十夜为一月,以这样的十二月为一年,化乐天的寿命是八千天年。毗舍佉,有可能一位男子或女子,守持具足八支的布萨,身坏命终后,会生到化乐天中。毗舍佉,正是指这一点,我说人间的王权与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。

毗舍佉,人间的一千六百年,是他化自在天的一昼夜。以这样的三十夜为一月,以这样的十二月为一年,他化自在天的寿命是一万六千天年。毗舍佉,有可能一位男子或女子,守持具足八支的布萨,身坏命终后,会生到他化自在天中。毗舍佉,正是指这一点,我说人间的王权与天界的快乐相比是微不足道的。"

"不杀生,不偷盗,

不妄语,不饮酒,

远离非梵行、淫欲,

夜间不非时食。

不戴花环,不用香,

卧低处或草席,

这就是所说的八支布萨,

佛陀宣说能灭苦。

日月都很美丽,

光芒照耀周围,

驱散黑暗,高悬空中,

照亮十方,光辉灿烂。

在它们之间的一切财富,

珍珠、宝石和优质的毗琉璃,

黄金块或金币,

所谓的'闪耀金',

都不及具足八支布萨的十六分之一,

就如月光胜过众星。

因此,有德行的男女,

应当守持具足八支的布萨,

造作能带来快乐的功德,

无可指责地到达天界。"

这是第十部经。

第七大品完。

其摘要如下:

外道、恐惧、毗那耶、婆罗婆、憍赛摩、

沙罗、论事、外道根本、布萨。

巴利语原版经文

AN.3.71/ 10. Uposathasuttaṃ

　　 71. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Atha kho visākhā migāramātā tadahuposathe yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho visākhaṃ migāramātaraṃ bhagavā etadavoca– “handa kuto nu tvaṃ, visākhe, āgacchasi divā divassā”ti? “Uposathāhaṃ, bhante, ajja upavasāmī”ti.

　　 “Tayo khome, visākhe, uposathā. Katame tayo? Gopālakuposatho, nigaṇṭhuposatho, ariyuposatho. Kathañca, visākhe, gopālakuposatho hoti? Seyyathāpi, visākhe, gopālako sāyanhasamaye sāmikānaṃ gāvo niyyātetvā iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ajja kho gāvo amukasmiñca amukasmiñca padese cariṃsu, amukasmiñca amukasmiñca padese pānīyāni piviṃsu; sve dāni gāvo amukasmiñca amukasmiñca padese carissanti, amukasmiñca amukasmiñca padese pānīyāni pivissantī’ti; evamevaṃ kho, visākhe, idhekacco uposathiko iti paṭisañcikkhati– ‘ahaṃ khvajja idañcidañca khādanīyaṃ khādiṃ, idañcidañca bhojanīyaṃ bhuñjiṃ sve dānāhaṃ idañcidañca khādanīyaṃ khādissāmi, idaṃ cidañca bhojanīyaṃ bhuñjissāmī’ti. So tena abhijjhāsahagatena cetasā divasaṃ atināmeti. Evaṃ kho visākhe, gopālakuposatho hoti. Evaṃ upavuttho kho, visākhe, gopālakuposatho na mahapphalo hoti na mahānisaṃso na mahājutiko na mahāvipphāro.

　　 “Kathañca, visākhe, nigaṇṭhuposatho hoti? Atthi, visākhe, nigaṇṭhā nāma samaṇajātikā. Te sāvakaṃ evaṃ samādapenti – ‘ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, ye puratthimāya disāya pāṇā paraṃ yojanasataṃ tesu daṇḍaṃ nikkhipāhi; ye pacchimāya disāya pāṇā paraṃ yojanasataṃ tesu daṇḍaṃ nikkhipāhi; ye uttarāya disāya pāṇā paraṃ yojanasataṃ tesu daṇḍaṃ nikkhipāhi; ye dakkhiṇāya disāya pāṇā paraṃ yojanasataṃ tesu daṇḍaṃ nikkhipāhī’ti. Iti ekaccānaṃ pāṇānaṃ anuddayāya anukampāya samādapenti, ekaccānaṃ pāṇānaṃ nānuddayāya nānukampāya samādapenti. Te tadahuposathe sāvakaṃ evaṃ samādapenti – ‘ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, sabbacelāni nikkhipitvā evaṃ vadehi – nāhaṃ kvacani kassaci kiñcanatasmiṃ, na ca mama kvacani katthaci kiñcanatatthī’ti. Jānanti kho panassa mātāpitaro– ‘ayaṃ amhākaṃ putto’ti; sopi jānāti– ‘ime mayhaṃ mātāpitaro’ti. Jānāti kho panassa puttadāro ‘ayaṃ mayhaṃ bhattā’ti; sopi jānāti– ‘ayaṃ mayhaṃ puttadāro’ti. Jānanti kho panassa dāsakammakaraporisā– ‘ayaṃ amhākaṃ ayyo’ti; sopi jānāti– ‘ime mayhaṃ dāsakammakaraporisā’ti. Iti yasmiṃ samaye sacce samādapetabbā musāvāde tasmiṃ samaye samādapenti. Idaṃ tassa musāvādasmiṃ vadāmi. So tassā rattiyā accayena bhoge adinnaṃyeva paribhuñjati. Idaṃ tassa adinnādānasmiṃ vadāmi. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, nigaṇṭhuposatho hoti. Evaṃ upavuttho kho, visākhe, nigaṇṭhuposatho na mahapphalo hoti na mahānisaṃso na mahājutiko na mahāvipphāro.

　　 “Kathañca, visākhe, ariyuposatho hoti? Upakkiliṭṭhassa visākhe, cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati– ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Tassa tathāgataṃ anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati. Ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti, seyyathāpi, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa sīsassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa sīsassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Kakkañca paṭicca mattikañca paṭicca udakañca paṭicca purisassa ca tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ paṭicca, evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa sīsassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Evamevaṃ kho visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati– ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Tassa tathāgataṃ anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, visākhe– ‘ariyasāvako brahmuposathaṃ upavasati, brahmunā saddhiṃ saṃvasati, brahmañcassa ārabbha cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Upakkiliṭṭhassa, visākhe, cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako dhammaṃ anussarati – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti. Tassa dhammaṃ anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti, seyyathāpi, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa kāyassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa kāyassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Sottiñca paṭicca, cuṇṇañca paṭicca, udakañca paṭicca, purisassa ca tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ paṭicca. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa kāyassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Evamevaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako dhammaṃ anussarati – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ti. Tassa dhammaṃ anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, visākhe, ‘ariyasāvako dhammuposathaṃ upavasati, dhammena saddhiṃ saṃvasati, dhammañcassa ārabbha cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Upakkiliṭṭhassa visākhe, cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako saṅghaṃ anussarati– ‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, sāmīcippaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti. Tassa saṅghaṃ anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti, seyyathāpi, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa vatthassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa vatthassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Usmañca paṭicca, khārañca paṭicca, gomayañca paṭicca, udakañca paṭicca, purisassa ca tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ paṭicca. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa vatthassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Evamevaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako saṅghaṃ anussarati– ‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho …pe… anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti. Tassa saṅghaṃ anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, visākhe, ‘ariyasāvako saṅghuposathaṃ upavasati, saṅghena saddhiṃ saṃvasati, saṅghañcassa ārabbha cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Upakkiliṭṭhassa, visākhe, cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako attano sīlāni anussarati akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni. Tassa sīlaṃ anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti, seyyathāpi, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa ādāsassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa ādāsassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Telañca paṭicca chārikañca paṭicca, vālaṇḍupakañca paṭicca, purisassa ca tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ paṭicca. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa ādāsassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Evamevaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha visākhe, ariyasāvako attano sīlāni anussarati akhaṇḍāni …pe… samādhisaṃvattanikāni. Tassa sīlaṃ anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, visākhe, ‘ariyasāvako sīluposathaṃ upavasati, sīlena saddhiṃ saṃvasati, sīlañcassa ārabbha cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Upakkiliṭṭhassa, visākhe, cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Kathañca, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha visākhe, ariyasāvako devatā anussarati – ‘santi devā cātumahārājikā, santi devā tāvatiṃsā, santi devā yāmā, santi devā tusitā, santi devā nimmānaratino, santi devā paranimmitavasavattino, santi devā brahmakāyikā, santi devā tatuttari. Yathārūpāya saddhāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tatthupapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā saddhā saṃvijjati. Yathārūpena sīlena samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tatthupapannā, mayhampi tathārūpaṃ sīlaṃ saṃvijjati. Yathārūpena sutena samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tatthupapannā, mayhampi tathārūpaṃ sutaṃ saṃvijjati. Yathārūpena cāgena samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tatthupapannā, mayhampi tathārūpo cāgo saṃvijjati. Yathārūpāya paññāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tatthupapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā paññā saṃvijjatī’ti. Tassa attano ca tāsañca devatānaṃ saddhañca sīlañca sutañca cāgañca paññañca anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti, seyyathāpi, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa jātarūpassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa jātarūpassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Ukkañca paṭicca, loṇañca paṭicca, gerukañca paṭicca, nāḷikasaṇḍāsañca paṭicca, purisassa ca tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ paṭicca. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa jātarūpassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Evamevaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Kathañca visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti? Idha, visākhe, ariyasāvako devatā anussarati– ‘santi devā cātumahārājikā, santi devā tāvatiṃsā …pe… santi devā tatuttari. Yathārūpāya saddhāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tatthupapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā saddhā saṃvijjati. Yathārūpena sīlena …pe… sutena …pe… cāgena …pe… paññāya samannāgatā tā devatā ito cutā tatthupapannā, mayhampi tathārūpā paññā saṃvijjatī’ti. Tassa attano ca tāsañca devatānaṃ saddhañca sīlañca sutañca cāgañca paññañca anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, visākhe, ‘ariyasāvako devatuposathaṃ upavasati, devatāhi saddhiṃ saṃvasati, devatā ārabbha cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyanti’. Evaṃ kho, visākhe, upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti.

　　 “Sa kho so, visākhe, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yāvajīvaṃ arahanto pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā nihitadaṇḍā nihitasatthā lajjī dayāpannā sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharanti; ahampajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharāmi. Imināpi aṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.

　　 “Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭiviratā dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharanti; ahampajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharāmi. Imināpi aṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.

　　 “Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī ārācārī viratā methunā gāmadhammā; ahampajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā. Imināpi aṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.

　　 “Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭiviratā saccavādī saccasandhā thetā paccayikā avisaṃvādakā lokassa; ahampajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṃvādako lokassa. Imināpi aṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.

　　 “Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā; ahampajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato. Imināpi aṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.

　　 “Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto ekabhattikā rattūparatā viratā vikālabhojanā; ahampajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ ekabhattiko rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā. Imināpi aṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.

　　 “Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto naccagītavāditavisūkadassanamālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā; ahampajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ naccagītavāditavisūkadassanamālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato Imināpi aṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissati.

　　 “Yāvajīvaṃ arahanto uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭiviratā nīcaseyyaṃ kappenti mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā; ahampajja imañca rattiṃ imañca divasaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ pahāya uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato nīcaseyyaṃ kappemi mañcake vā tiṇasanthārake vā. Imināpi aṅgena arahataṃ anukaromi, uposatho ca me upavuttho bhavissatī”ti.

　　 “Evaṃ kho, visākhe, ariyuposatho hoti. Evaṃ upavuttho kho, visākhe, ariyuposatho mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso mahājutiko mahāvipphāro”.

　　 “Kīvamahapphalo hoti kīvamahānisaṃso kīvamahājutiko kīvamahāvipphāro”? “Seyyathāpi, visākhe, yo imesaṃ soḷasannaṃ mahājanapadānaṃ pahūtarattaratanānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāreyya seyyathidaṃ– aṅgānaṃ, magadhānaṃ, kāsīnaṃ, kosalānaṃ, vajjīnaṃ, mallānaṃ, cetīnaṃ, vaṅgānaṃ, kurūnaṃ, pañcālānaṃ, macchānaṃ, sūrasenānaṃ, assakānaṃ, avantīnaṃ, gandhārānaṃ, kambojānaṃ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṃ kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasiṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kapaṇaṃ, visākhe, mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya”.

　　 “Yāni, visākhe, mānusakāni paññāsa vassāni, cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni pañca vassasatāni cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ– ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’”.

　　 “Yaṃ visākhe, mānusakaṃ vassasataṃ, tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbaṃ vassasahassaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ– ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’”.

　　 “Yāni, visākhe, mānusakāni dve vassasatāni, yāmānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni dve vassasahassāni yāmānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā yāmānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ– ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’”.

　　 “Yāni, visākhe, mānusakāni cattāri vassasatāni, tusitānaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni cattāri vassasahassāni tusitānaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tusitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ– ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’”.

　　 “Yāni, visākhe, mānusakāni aṭṭha vassasatāni, nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni aṭṭha vassasahassāni nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ– ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāya’”.

　　 “Yāni, visākhe, mānusakāni soḷasa vassasatāni, paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ eso eko rattindivo. Tāya rattiyā tiṃsarattiyo māso. Tena māsena dvādasamāsiyo saṃvaccharo. Tena saṃvaccharena dibbāni soḷasa vassasahassāni paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco itthī vā puriso vā aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ uposathaṃ upavasitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya. Idaṃ kho panetaṃ, visākhe, sandhāya bhāsitaṃ– ‘kapaṇaṃ mānusakaṃ rajjaṃ dibbaṃ sukhaṃ upanidhāyā’”ti.

　　“Pāṇaṃ na haññe na cadinnamādiye,

　　Musā na bhāse na ca majjapo siyā.

　　Abrahmacariyā virameyya methunā,

　　Rattiṃ na bhuñjeyya vikālabhojanaṃ.

　　“Mālaṃ na dhāre na ca gandhamācare,

　　Mañce chamāyaṃ va sayetha santhate.

　　Etañhi aṭṭhaṅgikamāhuposathaṃ,

　　Buddhena dukkhantagunā pakāsitaṃ.

　　“Cando ca sūriyo ca ubho sudassanā,

　　Obhāsayaṃ anupariyanti yāvatā.

　　Tamonudā te pana antalikkhagā,

　　Nabhe pabhāsanti disāvirocanā.

　　“Etasmiṃ yaṃ vijjati antare dhanaṃ,

　　Muttā maṇi veḷuriyañca bhaddakaṃ.

　　Siṅgī suvaṇṇaṃ atha vāpi kañcanaṃ,

　　Yaṃ jātarūpaṃ haṭakanti vuccati.

　　“Aṭṭhaṅgupetassa uposathassa,

　　Kalampi te nānubhavanti soḷasiṃ.

　　Candappabhā tāragaṇā ca sabbe.

　　“Tasmā hi nārī ca naro ca sīlavā,

　　Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ upavassuposathaṃ.

　　Puññāni katvāna sukhudrayāni,

　　Aninditā saggamupenti ṭhānan”ti. Dasamaṃ.

　　 Mahāvaggo sattamo.

　　 Tassuddānaṃ–

　　 Titthabhayañca venāgo, sarabho kesamuttiyā;

　　 Sāḷho cāpi kathāvatthu, titthiyamūluposathoti.