中部19经/双重思惟经(狮子吼品[2])

我这样听说：有一次，世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。在那里，世尊对比丘们说：“诸比丘。” 比丘们回应说：“尊者。” 

世尊接着说：“诸比丘，在我之前，作为一个还没有成佛的菩萨，我曾想到：‘如果我将思维分成两类，分别去思考，那会怎样呢？’因此，我将欲望的思维、愤怒的思维和伤害的思维归为一类；将出离的思维、无愤怒的思维和无伤害的思维归为另一类。

当我如此努力地安住时，欲望的思维会出现。我意识到：‘我现在有了欲望的思维。’这种思维会导致自我伤害、他人伤害、两者都伤害，妨碍智慧，增加烦恼，不会引向涅槃。我在思考‘这会导致自我伤害’时，它就消失了；思考‘这会导致他人伤害’时，它就消失了；思考‘这会导致两者都伤害’时，它也就消失了；思考‘这会妨碍智慧，增加烦恼，不会引向涅槃’时，它也就消失了。每当欲望的思维出现时，我都会断除、驱逐它，使其消失。

同样地，当我努力地安住时，愤怒的思维也会出现……（此处省略类似的处理愤怒和伤害思维的内容）

比丘们，一个人常常思考什么，他的心就会倾向于什么。如果一个比丘常常思考欲望的思维，他就会放弃出离的思维，欲望的思维就会增加，他的心就会倾向于欲望的思维。如果他常常思考愤怒的思维和伤害的思维，也是如此。就像在雨季的最后一个月，庄稼茂盛时，牧牛人需要用棍子来阻止牛群进入庄稼。为什么？因为他知道那会导致杀戮、囚禁或损失。同样地，我也看到不善法的过失和污垢，以及善法出离的利益和清净。

当我如此努力地安住时，出离的思维会出现。我意识到：‘我现在有了出离的思维。’这种思维不会导致自我伤害，不会伤害他人，不会两者都伤害，反而会增加智慧，减少烦恼，并且引向涅槃（涅槃解释：进入最后的涅槃境界，不再生死轮回；生死轮回解释，见第五百七十八章）。即使我整夜思考它，我也不觉得有危险；即使整日思考它，我也不觉得有危险；即使日夜思考它，我也不觉得有危险。但如果思考过多，身体就会疲惫，身体疲惫则心会分散，心分散则远离定。因此，我使自己的心安住、平静、专注。

当我如此努力地安住时，无嗔的思维会出现（无嗔解释：没有愤怒，没有生气）……（此处省略类似的处理无嗔和无害思维的内容）

比丘们，一个人常常思考什么，他的心就会倾向于什么。如果一个比丘常常思考出离的思维，他就会放弃欲望的思维，而使出离的思维增加，他的心就会倾向于出离的思维。如果他常常思考无嗔的思维和无害的思维，也是如此。就像在炎热的季节，所有的庄稼都收进村里，牧牛人在树下或露天照顾牛群，只需要想着‘这些是牛’。同样地，我只需要想着‘这些是法’。

我已经发起了不退的精进，念头已经稳定，身体轻松而不躁动，心专注而不分散。我离开欲乐，离开不善法，进入并安住于有寻有伺、由离生喜乐的初禅（有寻有伺解释，见第八百八十九章；初禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。随着寻伺的平息，内心清净专一，进入并安住于无寻无伺、定生喜乐的第二禅（第二禅解释：即是二禅，见第一百五十五章）。离开喜乐，保持舍心、正念与清醒，身体感受到快乐，正如圣者所说的‘舍念乐住’，进入并安住于第三禅（第三禅，见第一百五十五章）。断除快乐，断除痛苦，先前的喜乐与忧愁已灭，进入并安住于不苦不乐、舍念清净的第四禅（四禅解释，见第一百五十五章）。

当心如此入定，清净、明亮、无垢、离染、柔软、适业、稳固、不动摇时，我引导心观察宿命的智慧（宿命的智慧解释：即是宿命随念智，五通之一，六通之一。又作宿住随念智通、宿住智通、宿命智通、宿命通证、识宿命通、宿住通、宿命通。谓能随意知悉自己宿昔住世之生死，姓名、寿命、苦乐等之通力。此智以慧为自性，随忆念之势力，能知诸过去生于欲、色界中之自他有漏五蕴，故称宿住随念智；又此智因依色引发，故唯局限于欲、色界，不通无色界。能忆之劫数）。我能够回忆起各种前世……这是我在夜初分获得的第一明，无明被打破，明亮升起，黑暗被驱散，光明出现，正如精进不放逸者所应得的那样。

（以下类似地描述了在夜中分获得天眼智（ 天眼智：又称"天眼明"，"死生明"，是能够看到众生死亡和重生过程的能力。修行者能够观察到众生如何根据自己的业力在六道中轮回。这种洞察力加深了对因果法则的理解）、在夜后分获得漏尽智（漏尽智解释：断尽一切烦恼之阿罗汉智也））

就像在森林中有一个大水池，很多野兽依靠它生活。如果有人怀着恶意来堵住安全的道路，开辟危险的道路，设下诱饵和陷阱，那么这群野兽将会遭受灾难。如果有人怀着善意来开辟安全的道路，堵住危险的道路，移除诱饵，破坏陷阱，那么这群野兽将会繁荣昌盛。

我举这个比喻是为了说明：大水池比喻欲乐，野兽群比喻众生，恶意的人比喻魔罗，危险的道路比喻八邪道，诱饵比喻贪欲，陷阱比喻无明（无明解释：因无知而沉迷于贪爱贪欲的黑暗之中，无法自拔；有爱解释：对存在生存的贪爱），善意的人比喻如来、阿罗汉、正等觉者，安全的道路比喻八正道（八正道解释，见第九百三十二章）。

因此，我已经开启了安全的道路，堵住了危险的道路，移除了诱饵，破坏了陷阱。作为导师，我出于慈悲所应该为弟子做的已经做了。这些是林间静处，你们要禅修，不要放逸，不要后悔。这是我的教导。”

世尊说了这些话。那些比丘都欢喜接受世尊的教导。

《双重思惟经》完。

巴利语原版经文

MN.19/(9) Dvedhāvitakkasuttaṃ

　　 206. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi– ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ dvidhā katvā dvidhā katvā vitakke vihareyyan’ti. So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yo cāyaṃ kāmavitakko yo ca byāpādavitakko yo ca vihiṃsāvitakko– imaṃ ekaṃ bhāgamakāsiṃ yo cāyaṃ nekkhammavitakko yo ca abyāpādavitakko yo ca avihiṃsāvitakko– imaṃ dutiyaṃ bhāgamakāsiṃ.

　　 207. “Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, evaṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato uppajjati kāmavitakko. So evaṃ pajānāmi– ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ kāmavitakko. So ca kho attabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, parabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, ubhayabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṃvattaniko’ . ‘Attabyābādhāya saṃvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṃ gacchati; ‘parabyābādhāya saṃvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṃ gacchati; ‘ubhayabyābādhāya saṃvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṃ gacchati; ‘paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṃvattaniko’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṃ gacchati. So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, uppannuppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ pajahameva vinodameva byantameva naṃ akāsiṃ.

　　 208. “Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, evaṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato uppajjati byāpādavitakko …pe… uppajjati vihiṃsāvitakko. So evaṃ pajānāmi– ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ vihiṃsāvitakko. So ca kho attabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, parabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, ubhayabyābādhāyapi saṃvattati, paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṃvattaniko’. ‘Attabyābādhāya saṃvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṃ gacchati; ‘parabyābādhāya saṃvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṃ gacchati; ‘ubhayabyābādhāya saṃvattatī’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṃ gacchati; ‘paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṃvattaniko’tipi me, bhikkhave, paṭisañcikkhato abbhatthaṃ gacchati. So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, uppannuppannaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ pajahameva vinodameva byantameva naṃ akāsiṃ.

　　 “Yaññadeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, tathā tathā nati hoti cetaso. Kāmavitakkaṃ ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, pahāsi nekkhammavitakkaṃ, kāmavitakkaṃ bahulamakāsi, tassa taṃ kāmavitakkāya cittaṃ namati. Byāpādavitakkaṃ ce, bhikkhave …pe… vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, pahāsi avihiṃsāvitakkaṃ, vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ bahulamakāsi, tassa taṃ vihiṃsāvitakkāya cittaṃ namati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye kiṭṭhasambādhe gopālako gāvo rakkheyya. So tā gāvo tato tato daṇḍena ākoṭeyya paṭikoṭeyya sannirundheyya sannivāreyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Passati hi so, bhikkhave, gopālako tatonidānaṃ vadhaṃ vā bandhanaṃ vā jāniṃ vā garahaṃ vā. Evameva kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, addasaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ vodānapakkhaṃ.

　　 209. “Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, evaṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato uppajjati nekkhammavitakko. So evaṃ pajānāmi– ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ nekkhammavitakko. So ca kho nevattabyābādhāya saṃvattati, na parabyābādhāya saṃvattati, na ubhayabyābādhāya saṃvattati, paññāvuddhiko avighātapakkhiko nibbānasaṃvattaniko’. Rattiṃ cepi naṃ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṃ anuvicāreyyaṃ, neva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupassāmi. Divasaṃ cepi naṃ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṃ anuvicāreyyaṃ, neva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupassāmi. Rattindivaṃ cepi naṃ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṃ anuvicāreyyaṃ, neva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupassāmi. Api ca kho me aticiraṃ anuvitakkayato anuvicārayato kāyo kilameyya Kāye kilante cittaṃ ūhaññeyya. Ūhate citte ārā cittaṃ samādhimhāti. So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, ajjhattameva cittaṃ saṇṭhapemi sannisādemi ekodiṃ karomi samādahāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘Mā me cittaṃ ūhaññī’ti.

　　 210. “Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, evaṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato uppajjati abyāpādavitakko …pe… uppajjati avihiṃsāvitakko. So evaṃ pajānāmi– ‘uppanno kho me ayaṃ avihiṃsāvitakko. So ca kho nevattabyābādhāya saṃvattati, na parabyābādhāya saṃvattati, na ubhayabyābādhāya saṃvattati, paññāvuddhiko avighātapakkhiko nibbānasaṃvattaniko’. Rattiṃ cepi naṃ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṃ anuvicāreyyaṃ, neva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupassāmi. Divasaṃ cepi naṃ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṃ anuvicāreyyaṃ, neva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupassāmi. Rattindivaṃ cepi naṃ, bhikkhave, anuvitakkeyyaṃ anuvicāreyyaṃ, neva tatonidānaṃ bhayaṃ samanupassāmi. Api ca kho me aticiraṃ anuvitakkayato anuvicārayato kāyo kilameyya. Kāye kilante cittaṃ ūhaññeyya. Ūhate citte ārā cittaṃ samādhimhāti. So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, ajjhattameva cittaṃ saṇṭhapemi, sannisādemi, ekodiṃ karomi samādahāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘Mā me cittaṃ ūhaññī’ti.

　　 “Yaññadeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, tathā tathā nati hoti cetaso. Nekkhammavitakkañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, pahāsi kāmavitakkaṃ, nekkhammavitakkaṃ bahulamakāsi, tassaṃ taṃ nekkhammavitakkāya cittaṃ namati. Abyāpādavitakkañce, bhikkhave …pe… avihiṃsāvitakkañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bahulamanuvitakketi anuvicāreti, pahāsi vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ, avihiṃsāvitakkaṃ bahulamakāsi, tassa taṃ avihiṃsāvitakkāya cittaṃ namati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gimhānaṃ pacchime māse sabbasassesu gāmantasambhatesu gopālako gāvo rakkheyya tassa rukkhamūlagatassa vā abbhokāsagatassa vā satikaraṇīyameva hoti– ‘etā gāvo’ti. Evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, satikaraṇīyameva ahosi– ‘ete dhammā’ti.

　　 211. “Āraddhaṃ kho pana me, bhikkhave, vīriyaṃ ahosi asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ. So kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsiṃ. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsiṃ. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca vihāsiṃ sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedesiṃ, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsiṃ. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsiṃ.

　　 212. “So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmesiṃ. So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Seyyathidaṃ, ekampi jātiṃ …pe… iti sākāraṃ sa-uddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Ayaṃ kho me, bhikkhave, rattiyā paṭhame yāme paṭhamā vijjā adhigatā; avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato āloko uppanno; yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.

　　 213. “So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmesiṃ. So dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne …pe… ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā …pe… iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate, yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi. Ayaṃ kho me, bhikkhave, rattiyā majjhime yāme dutiyā vijjā adhigatā; avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato āloko uppanno; yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.

　　 214. “So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmesiṃ. So ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ ‘Ime āsavā’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ āsavasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ āsavanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ. Tassa me evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccittha, bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccittha, avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccittha, vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ ahosi– ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsiṃ. Ayaṃ kho me, bhikkhave, rattiyā pacchime yāme tatiyā vijjā adhigatā; avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā; tamo vihato āloko uppanno; yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.

　　 215. “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, araññe pavane mahantaṃ ninnaṃ pallalaṃ. Tamenaṃ mahāmigasaṅgho upanissāya vihareyya. Tassa kocideva puriso uppajjeyya anatthakāmo ahitakāmo ayogakkhemakāmo. So yvāssa maggo khemo sovatthiko pītigamanīyo taṃ maggaṃ pidaheyya, vivareyya kummaggaṃ, odaheyya okacaraṃ, ṭhapeyya okacārikaṃ. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, mahāmigasaṅgho aparena samayena anayabyasanaṃ āpajjeyya. Tasseva kho pana, bhikkhave, mahato migasaṅghassa kocideva puriso uppajjeyya atthakāmo hitakāmo yogakkhemakāmo. So yvāssa maggo khemo sovatthiko pītigamanīyo taṃ maggaṃ vivareyya, pidaheyya kummaggaṃ, ūhaneyya okacaraṃ, nāseyya okacārikaṃ. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, mahāmigasaṅgho aparena samayena vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjeyya.

　　 “Upamā kho me ayaṃ, bhikkhave, katā atthassa viññāpanāya Ayaṃ cevettha attho– mahantaṃ ninnaṃ pallalanti kho, bhikkhave, kāmānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Mahāmigasaṅghoti kho, bhikkhave, sattānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Puriso anatthakāmo ahitakāmo ayogakkhemakāmoti kho, bhikkhave, mārassetaṃ pāpimato adhivacanaṃ. Kummaggoti kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭhaṅgikassetaṃ micchāmaggassa adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ– micchādiṭṭhiyā micchāsaṅkappassa micchāvācāya micchākammantassa micchā-ājīvassa micchāvāyāmassa micchāsatiyā micchāsamādhissa. Okacaroti kho, bhikkhave, nandīrāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Okacārikāti kho, bhikkhave, avijjāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Puriso atthakāmo hitakāmo yogakkhemakāmoti kho, bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Khemo maggo sovatthiko pītigamanīyoti kho bhikkhave, ariyassetaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ– sammādiṭṭhiyā sammāsaṅkappassa sammāvācāya sammākammantassa sammā-ājīvassa sammāvāyāmassa sammāsatiyā sammāsamādhissa.

　　 “Iti kho, bhikkhave, vivaṭo mayā khemo maggo sovatthiko pītigamanīyo, pihito kummaggo, ūhato okacaro, nāsitā okacārikā. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, satthārā karaṇīyaṃ sāvakānaṃ hitesinā anukampakena anukampaṃ upādāya, kataṃ vo taṃ mayā. Etāni, bhikkhave rukkhamūlāni, etāni suññāgārāni; jhāyatha, bhikkhave, mā pamādattha; mā pacchā vippaṭisārino ahuvattha. Ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.

　　 Dvedhāvitakkasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ navamaṃ.