中部151经/乞食清净经(六处品[15])

这是我亲身听闻到的：一时，世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀鸟园。那时，尊者舍利弗于傍晚时分从独处起来，来到世尊所在之处。到了之后，礼敬世尊，坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的尊者舍利弗说：

"舍利弗，你的诸根清净明亮（诸根解释：指眼、耳、鼻、舌、身等五根），肤色纯净光洁。舍利弗，你现在多住于何种状态？"

"大德，我现在多住于空性。"

"善哉，善哉，舍利弗！你现在多住于大人之住。舍利弗，这空性确实是大人之住。因此，舍利弗，如果比丘希望'我要多住于空性'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当这样思维：'我走进村庄乞食的路上，在乞食的地方，从村庄返回的路上，我对眼所见之色是否有欲、贪、嗔、痴或心中的厌恶（色解释：物质事物，物质身体；嗔解释：愤怒，生气，痴解释：愚昧无知）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我走进村庄乞食的路上，在乞食的地方，从村庄返回的路上，我对眼所见之色有欲、贪、嗔、痴或心中的厌恶'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为断除这些恶不善法而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我走进村庄乞食的路上，在乞食的地方，从村庄返回的路上，我对眼所见之色没有欲、贪、嗔、痴或心中的厌恶'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我走进村庄乞食的路上，在乞食的地方，从村庄返回的路上，我对耳所闻之声...鼻所嗅之香...舌所尝之味...身所触之触...意所知之法是否有欲、贪、嗔、痴或心中的厌恶？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我走进村庄乞食的路上，在乞食的地方，从村庄返回的路上，我对意所知之法有欲、贪、嗔、痴或心中的厌恶'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为断除这些恶不善法而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我走进村庄乞食的路上，在乞食的地方，从村庄返回的路上，我对意所知之法没有欲、贪、嗔、痴或心中的厌恶'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已断除五欲（五欲解释：由眼睛与物质事物生起的贪欲、渴爱，由耳朵与声音生起的贪欲、渴爱，由鼻子与气味生起的贪欲、渴爱，由舌头与味道生起的贪欲、渴爱，由身体与触觉，或环境变化感觉（冷热、舒适等等）生起的贪欲、渴爱，这就是五欲）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未断除五欲'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为断除五欲而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已断除五欲'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已断除五盖（五盖解释：是指五种障碍或烦恼，它们阻碍了修行者的进步和觉悟。这五盖是：贪欲盖：指对感官欲望的执着，这包括对物质享受和感官愉悦的渴望。瞋恚盖：指愤怒、恶意或敌意，这种负面情绪会扰乱心灵的平静。昏沉睡眠盖：指心理上的迟钝和身体上的懒惰，这种状态会导致缺乏精力和警觉性。掉举恶作盖：掉举指心的不安和散乱，恶作指后悔和忧虑，这两者共同导致心灵的不宁静。疑盖：指对佛法、修行方法或自己能力的怀疑，这种怀疑会阻碍修行的进展）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未断除五盖'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为断除五盖而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已断除五盖'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已完全了知五取蕴（五取蕴解释，见第六百三十六章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未完全了知五取蕴'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为完全了知五取蕴而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已完全了知五取蕴'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已修习四念处（四念处解释：四念处即是四念住，见第一千零一十三章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未修习四念处'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为修习四念处而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已修习四念处'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已修习四正勤（四正勤解释，见第五百五十四章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未修习四正勤'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为修习四正勤而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已修习四正勤'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已修习四神足（四神足解释，见第八百五十一章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未修习四神足'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为修习四神足而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已修习四神足'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已修习五根（五根解释，见第八百一十九章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未修习五根'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为修习五根而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已修习五根'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已修习五力（五力解释，见第八百一十九章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未修习五力'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为修习五力而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已修习五力'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已修习七觉支（七觉支解释，见第六百五十九章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未修习七觉支'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为修习七觉支而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已修习七觉支'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已修习八正道（八正道解释，见第九百三十二章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未修习八正道'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为修习八正道而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已修习八正道'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已修习止观（止观解释，见第五百五十章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未修习止观'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为修习止观而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已修习止观'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样思维：'我是否已证得明与解脱（明解释：「明」是开启完全的智慧，灭尽一切烦恼和痛苦的意思。「明」是一个比喻，比喻的是：用智慧的光明，消除、驱散烦恼和痛苦的黑暗。解脱解释：「解脱」就是熄灭、停止生死轮回；生死轮回解释，见第五百七十八章）？'舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我尚未证得明与解脱'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当为证得明与解脱而努力。舍利弗，如果比丘在反省时知道：'我已证得明与解脱'，那么，舍利弗，该比丘应当以此喜悦愉快而住，日夜修习善法。

"舍利弗，过去世的沙门、婆罗门凡是清净乞食的（沙门解释：出家修行人；婆罗门解释：意译净行、梵行、梵志、承习。印度四姓中，最上位之僧侣、学者阶级。为古印度一切知识之垄断者，自认为印度社会之最胜种姓），都是这样反复思维后清净乞食的。舍利弗，未来世的沙门、婆罗门凡是将清净乞食的，都将是这样反复思维后清净乞食的。舍利弗，现在的沙门、婆罗门凡是清净乞食的，都是这样反复思维后清净乞食的。因此，舍利弗，你们应当如此学习：'我们将反复思维后清净乞食'。"

世尊如是说。尊者舍利弗欢喜，随喜世尊所说。

乞食清净经终。

巴利语原版经文

MN.151/(9) Piṇḍapātapārisuddhisuttaṃ

　　 438. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca–

　　 “Vippasannāni kho te, sāriputta, indriyāni, parisuddho chavivaṇṇo pariyodāto. Katamena kho tvaṃ, sāriputta, vihārena etarahi bahulaṃ viharasī”ti? “Suññatāvihārena kho ahaṃ, bhante, etarahi bahulaṃ viharāmī”ti. “Sādhu, sādhu, sāriputta! Mahāpurisavihārena kira tvaṃ, sāriputta, etarahi bahulaṃ viharasi. Mahāpurisavihāro eso, sāriputta, yadidaṃ– suññatā. Tasmātiha, sāriputta, bhikkhu sace ākaṅkheyya– ‘suññatāvihārena bahulaṃ vihareyyan’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi nu kho me tattha cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi me tattha cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, natthi me tattha cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 439. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi nu kho me tattha sotaviññeyyesu saddesu …pe… ghānaviññeyyesu gandhesu… jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu kāyaviññeyyesu phoṭṭhabbesu… manoviññeyyesu dhammesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti? Sace sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi me tattha manoviññeyyesu dhammesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, natthi me tattha manoviññeyyesu dhammesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 440. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘pahīnā nu kho me pañca kāmaguṇā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘appahīnā kho me pañca kāmaguṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘pahīnā kho me pañca kāmaguṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 441. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘pahīnā nu kho me pañca nīvaraṇā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘appahīnā kho me pañca nīvaraṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘pahīnā kho me pañca nīvaraṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 442. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘pariññātā nu kho me pañcupādānakkhandhā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘apariññātā kho me pañcupādānakkhandhā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ pariññāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘pariññātā kho me pañcupādānakkhandhā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 443. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘bhāvitā nu kho me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘abhāvitā kho me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘bhāvitā kho me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 444. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘bhāvitā nu kho me cattāro sammappadhānā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘abhāvitā kho me cattāro sammappadhānā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘bhāvitā kho me cattāro sammappadhānā’ti tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 445. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘bhāvitā nu kho me cattāro iddhipādā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘abhāvitā kho me cattāro iddhipādā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘bhāvitā kho me cattāro iddhipādā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 446. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘bhāvitāni nu kho me pañcindriyānī’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘abhāvitāni kho me pañcindriyānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘bhāvitāni kho me pañcindriyānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 447. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘bhāvitāni nu kho me pañca balānī’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘abhāvitāni kho me pañca balānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ balānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘bhāvitāni kho me pañca balānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 448. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘bhāvitā nu kho me satta bojjhaṅgā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘abhāvitā kho me satta bojjhaṅgā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘bhāvitā kho me satta bojjhaṅgā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 449. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘bhāvito nu kho me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘abhāvito kho me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘bhāvito kho me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’ti tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 450. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘bhāvitā nu kho me samatho ca vipassanā cā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘abhāvitā kho me samatho ca vipassanā cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā samathavipassanānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘bhāvitā kho me samatho ca vipassanā cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 451. “Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ– ‘sacchikatā nu kho me vijjā ca vimutti cā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘asacchikatā kho me vijjā ca vimutti cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā vijjāya vimuttiyā sacchikiriyāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti– ‘sacchikatā kho me vijjā ca vimutti cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.

　　 452. “Ye hi keci, sāriputta, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhesuṃ, sabbe te evameva paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhesuṃ. Yepi hi keci, sāriputta, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhessanti, sabbe te evameva paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhessanti. Yepi hi keci, sāriputta, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhenti, sabbe te evameva paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhenti. Tasmātiha, sāriputta, ‘paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhessāmā’ti – evañhi vo, sāriputta, sikkhitabban”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.

　　 Piṇḍapātapārisuddhisuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ navamaṃ.