第一千一百一十五章 阿难一夜贤者经
中部132经/阿难一夜贤者经(分别品[14])
这是我亲身听闻到的:一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,尊者阿难在集会堂中为比丘们作法语开示,教导、激励、鼓舞他们,并讲说一夜贤者的摄颂和解释。
这时,世尊于傍晚时分从禅思中出来,来到集会堂。到了之后,坐在准备好的座位上。坐下后,世尊对比丘们说:"比丘们,是谁在集会堂中为比丘们作法语开示,教导、激励、鼓舞他们,并讲说一夜贤者的摄颂和解释呢?"
"世尊,是尊者阿难在集会堂中为比丘们作法语开示,教导、激励、鼓舞他们,并讲说一夜贤者的摄颂和解释。"
于是,世尊对尊者阿难说:"阿难,你是如何为比丘们作法语开示,教导、激励、鼓舞他们,并讲说一夜贤者的摄颂和解释的呢?"
"世尊,我是这样为比丘们作法语开示,教导、激励、鼓舞他们,并讲说一夜贤者的摄颂和解释的:
'不追忆过去,不盼望未来,
过去已逝去,未来尚未至。
现在所生法,处处观察之,
不动摇不移,智者应修习。
今日当精进,谁知明日死?
不能与死神,及其大军约。
如是住热忱,日夜不懈怠,
此谓一夜贤,寂静牟尼说。'
朋友们,如何追忆过去?他这样想:'过去我是这样的相貌',因此而生喜悦;'过去我有这样的感受'...'过去我有这样的想法'...'过去我有这样的行为'...'过去我有这样的意识',因此而生喜悦。朋友们,这就是追忆过去。
朋友们,如何不追忆过去?他这样想:'过去我是这样的相貌',但不因此而生喜悦;'过去我有这样的感受'...'过去我有这样的想法'...'过去我有这样的行为'...'过去我有这样的意识',但不因此而生喜悦。朋友们,这就是不追忆过去。
朋友们,如何盼望未来?他这样想:'将来我要有这样的相貌',因此而生喜悦;'将来我要有这样的感受'...'将来我要有这样的想法'...'将来我要有这样的行为'...'将来我要有这样的意识',因此而生喜悦。朋友们,这就是盼望未来。
朋友们,如何不盼望未来?他这样想:'将来我要有这样的相貌',但不因此而生喜悦;'将来我要有这样的感受'...'将来我要有这样的想法'...'将来我要有这样的行为'...'将来我要有这样的意识',但不因此而生喜悦。朋友们,这就是不盼望未来。
朋友们,如何对现在的法执着?在此,不闻法凡夫不见圣者,不知圣法,不善巧圣法,不见善人,不知善人法,不善巧善人法。他视色为我(色解释:物质身体),或我有色,或色在我中,或我在色中;他视受...想...行...识为我,或我有识,或识在我中,或我在识中。朋友们,这就是对现在的法执着。
朋友们,如何对现在的法不执着?在此,多闻圣弟子见圣者,知圣法,善巧圣法,见善人,知善人法,善巧善人法。他不视色为我,不视我有色,不视色在我中,不视我在色中;他不视受...想...行...识为我,不视我有识,不视识在我中,不视我在识中。朋友们,这就是对现在的法不执着。
'不追忆过去,不盼望未来,
过去已逝去,未来尚未至。
现在所生法,处处观察之,
不动摇不移,智者应修习。
今日当精进,谁知明日死?
不能与死神,及其大军约。
如是住热忱,日夜不懈怠,
此谓一夜贤,寂静牟尼说。'
世尊,我就是这样为比丘们作法语开示,教导、激励、鼓舞他们,并讲说一夜贤者的摄颂和解释的。"
"善哉!善哉!阿难。阿难,你善为比丘们作法语开示,教导、激励、鼓舞他们,并讲说一夜贤者的摄颂和解释 -
'不追忆过去...(如上)
此谓一夜贤,寂静牟尼说。'
阿难,如何追忆过去?...(如上)...阿难,这就是追忆过去。阿难,如何不追忆过去?...(如上)...阿难,这就是不追忆过去。阿难,如何盼望未来?...(如上)...阿难,这就是盼望未来。阿难,如何不盼望未来?...(如上)...阿难,这就是不盼望未来。阿难,如何对现在的法执着?...(如上)...阿难,这就是对现在的法执着。阿难,如何对现在的法不执着?...(如上)...阿难,这就是对现在的法不执着。
'不追忆过去...(如上)
此谓一夜贤,寂静牟尼说。'"
世尊如是说。尊者阿难欢喜,随喜世尊之所说。
阿难一夜贤者经第二终。
巴利语原版经文
MN.132/(2) Ānandabhaddekarattasuttaṃ
276. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ānando upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca bhāsati.
Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenupaṭṭhānasālā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “ko nu kho, bhikkhave, upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca abhāsī”ti? “Āyasmā, bhante, ānando upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca abhāsī”ti.
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi– “yathā kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca abhāsī”ti? “Evaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesiṃ samādapesiṃ samuttejesiṃ sampahaṃsesiṃ, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca abhāsiṃ–
“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ;
Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.
“Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;
Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.
“Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.
“Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate muni”.
277. “Kathañca, āvuso, atītaṃ anvāgameti? Evaṃrūpo ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ samanvāneti, evaṃvedano ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ samanvāneti, evaṃsañño ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ samanvāneti, evaṃsaṅkhāro ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ samanvāneti, evaṃviññāṇo ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ samanvāneti– evaṃ kho, āvuso, atītaṃ anvāgameti.
“Kathañca, āvuso, atītaṃ nānvāgameti? Evaṃrūpo ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ na samanvāneti, evaṃvedano ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ na samanvāneti, evaṃsañño ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ na samanvāneti, evaṃsaṅkhāro ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ na samanvāneti, evaṃviññāṇo ahosiṃ atītamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ na samanvāneti– evaṃ kho, āvuso, atītaṃ nānvāgameti.
“Kathañca, āvuso, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati? Evaṃrūpo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ samanvāneti, evaṃvedano siyaṃ …pe… evaṃsañño siyaṃ… evaṃsaṅkhāro siyaṃ… evaṃviññāṇo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ samanvāneti– evaṃ kho, āvuso, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati.
“Kathañca, āvuso, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati? Evaṃrūpo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ na samanvāneti, evaṃvedano siyaṃ …pe… evaṃsañño siyaṃ… evaṃsaṅkhāro siyaṃ… evaṃviññāṇo siyaṃ anāgatamaddhānanti tattha nandiṃ na samanvāneti– evaṃ kho, āvuso, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati.
“Kathañca, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati? Idha, āvuso, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ, attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ; vedanaṃ… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ, attani vā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ– evaṃ kho, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati.
“Kathañca āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati? Idha, āvuso, sutavā ariyasāvako ariyānaṃ dassāvī ariyadhammassa kovido ariyadhamme suvinīto sappurisānaṃ dassāvī sappurisadhammassa kovido sappurisadhamme suvinīto na rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, na rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ, na attani vā rūpaṃ, na rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ; na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, na viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ, na attani vā viññāṇaṃ, na viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ– evaṃ kho, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati.
“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ.
Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.
“Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;
Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.
“Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.
“Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī”ti.
“Evaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesiṃ samādapesiṃ samuttejesiṃ sampahaṃsesiṃ, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca abhāsin”ti.
278. “Sādhu sādhu, ānanda! Sādhu kho tvaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca abhāsi–
“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya …pe…
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī”ti.
“Kathañca, ānanda, atītaṃ anvāgameti …pe… evaṃ kho, ānanda, atītaṃ anvāgameti. Kathañca, ānanda, atītaṃ nānvāgameti …pe… evaṃ kho, ānanda, atītaṃ nānvāgameti. Kathañca, ānanda, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati …pe… evaṃ kho, ānanda, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati. Kathañca, ānanda, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati …pe… evaṃ kho, ānanda, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati. Kathañca, ānanda, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati …pe… evaṃ kho, ānanda, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati. Kathañca, ānanda, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati …pe… evaṃ kho, ānanda, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati.
“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya …pe…
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Ānandabhaddekarattasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.