第一千一百二十三章 界分别经
中部140经/界分别经(分别品[14])
这是我亲身听闻到的。一时,世尊游行摩揭陀国,来到王舍城。他去到陶师巴伽瓦那里,对他说:"巴伽瓦,如果不麻烦的话,我想在你的工坊住一晚。"
巴伽瓦回答说:"尊者,这不麻烦。但这里已经有一位出家人先来住下了。如果他同意,您就请随意住下吧。"
那时,有一位名叫普库萨帝的族姓子,因信仰而出家追随世尊,他先前已住在那陶师的工坊里。世尊走向普库萨帝尊者,对他说:"比丘,如果不麻烦的话,我想在这工坊住一晚。"
普库萨帝回答说:"朋友,陶师的工坊很宽敞。请尊者随意住下。"
于是世尊进入陶师工坊,在一边铺设草席,结跏趺坐(结跏趺坐解释:坐法之一。又作结加趺坐、结跏跗坐、跏趺正坐、跏趺坐、加趺坐、跏坐、结坐。即互交二足,结跏安坐。又称交一足为半跏趺坐、半跏坐、半跏、贤坐;称交二足为全跏坐、本跏坐、全跏、大坐、莲华坐。其坐法即双膝弯曲,两足掌向上之形式,可分为降魔、吉祥二种:1.先以右足压左股,后以左足压右股,二足掌仰于二股之上,手亦左手居上,称为降魔坐。天台、禅宗等显教诸宗多传此坐。2.先以左足压右股,后以右足压左股,手亦右手压左手,称为吉祥坐。密宗亦称之为莲花坐。如来于菩提树下成正觉时,身安吉祥之坐,手作降魔印。此多于密教中行之,盖以右足表示佛界,左足表示众生界。以右足压左足,乃佛界摄取众生界,众生界归佛界之意,即表示生佛不二之义),端正身体,安住正念。世尊坐了大部分夜晚。普库萨帝尊者也坐了大部分夜晚。
世尊心想:"这位族姓子举止端庄,我应该问他。"于是世尊问普库萨帝尊者:"比丘,你是跟随谁出家的?谁是你的老师?你喜欢谁的法?"
普库萨帝回答说:"朋友,有位沙门乔达摩,是释迦族人,从释迦族出家。关于这位乔达摩世尊,有这样的美名流传:'他是阿罗汉、正等正觉、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊(阿罗汉解释:阿罗汉是佛教中的最高修行境界,也是四种圣者(四果)中的最后一个阶段,阿罗汉是指已经完全断除所有烦恼,达到最终解脱的修行者。"阿罗汉"可译为"应供"、"无学"或"杀贼",意味着值得供养、不再需要学习、已杀死内心的烦恼;应供解释:断尽一切烦恼,智德圆满,应受人天供养、尊敬者;正等正觉解释:觉即知也。觉知遍于一切,是遍也。觉知契于理,是正也。谓遍正觉知一切法也。又诸佛之觉知平等,故曰等,离邪妄故曰等。明行足解释:明者,无上正等正觉也,行足者,脚足之义,指戒定慧言。佛依戒定慧之脚足而得无上正等正觉,故名明行足。善逝解释:又作善去、善解、善说无患、好说、好去。意即进入种种甚深三摩提与无量妙智慧中。世间解解释:即佛能了知众生、非众生二种世间之一切,既了知世间之因、世间之灭,亦了知出世间之道。无上士解释:又作无上、无上丈夫。如来之智德,于人中最胜,无有过之者,故称无上士。调御丈夫解释:可化导一切丈夫之调御师。佛以大慈、大悲、大智故,有时软美语,有时苦切语,有时杂语,以此调御令不失道。天人师解释:又作天人教师。谓佛陀为诸天与人类之教师,示导一切应作不应作、是善是不善,若能依教而行,不舍道法,能得解脱烦恼之报,故称天人师。又以佛陀度天、人者众,度余道者寡,故称为天人师。佛解释:即觉者,觉者解释:又作觉、知者。即已舍去迷妄分别,自彻真源,开显真理,具有大慈悲、大智慧、自觉、觉他、觉行圆满之圣者。世尊解释:为世间所尊重者之意,亦指世界中之最尊者)。'我是跟随这位世尊出家的。他是我的老师。我喜欢这位世尊的法。"
"比丘,这位阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊现在住在哪里?"
"朋友,在北方国土有一座城市叫舍卫城。那位阿罗汉、正等正觉的世尊现在住在那里。"
"比丘,你见过那位世尊吗?见到时你能认出他吗?"
"不,朋友,我没见过那位世尊。即使见到我也认不出他。"
世尊心想:"这位族姓子是因为我而出家的。我应该为他说法。"于是世尊对普库萨帝尊者说:"比丘,我要为你说法。你要好好听,专心作意。我要说了。"
普库萨帝回答说:"是,朋友。"
世尊说道:"比丘,这个人有六界、六触处、十八意行、四依止。安住其中者,妄想不生。妄想不生时,称为寂静牟尼。不应放逸智慧,应守护真实,应培育舍离,应学习寂静。这是界分别的总说。
'这个人有六界',这是怎么说的?是指地界、水界、火界、风界、空界、识界(地界、水界、火界、风界解释,见第一百二十四章;空界、识界解释,见第一百九十四章)。'这个人有六界',就是这个意思。
'这个人有六触处',这是怎么说的?是指眼触处、耳触处、鼻触处、舌触处、身触处、意触处。'这个人有六触处(六触处解释:即是六内处,六内处者:云何为六?答:一、眼内处。二、耳内处。三、鼻内处。四、舌内处。五、身内处。六、意内处。云何眼内处?答:若眼、于色,或已见,或今见,或当见;或彼同分;是名眼内处。耳鼻舌身意内处,随所应,当广说;六外处解释:处为生长之义;可长养心、心所。为心、心所之所缘者有六,即色处、声处、香处、味处、触处、法处,称为六外处)',就是这个意思。
'这个人有十八意行',这是怎么说的?眼见色后(色解释:物质事物),意行于可喜之色、可厌之色、可舍之色。耳闻声后...鼻嗅香后...舌尝味后...身触所触后...意识法后(法即是法尘:法尘解释:六尘之一,法尘是意根所缘的境界,意根对前五根所缘的境界,分别好丑,而起善恶诸法,是名法尘。吾人日常动作,虽已过去,而前尘影事,忆念不忘,即是法尘的作用),意行于可喜之法、可厌之法、可舍之法。这就是六喜行、六忧行、六舍行。'这个人有十八意行',就是这个意思。
'这个人有四依止(依止解:即依存而止住之意;或以某事物为所依而止住或执着。又一般谓依赖于有力、有德者之处而不离,亦称为依止)',这是怎么说的?是指慧依止、谛依止(谛解释:即是四圣谛,四圣谛解释,见第九百三十二章)、舍依止、止依止(止解释:音译作奢摩他、舍摩他。又作止寂、等观。为禅定之另一称谓。即止息一切想念与思虑,而心归于专注一境之状态)。'这个人有四依止',就是这个意思。
'不应放逸智慧',这是怎么说的?比丘,有六界:地界、水界、火界、风界、空界、识界。
什么是地界?地界有内外之分。什么是内地界?凡内在的、个人的、坚硬、固体、所执取的,如发毛爪齿、皮肉筋骨、肾心肝膜、脾肺肠肠间膜、胃中物、粪,或其他任何内在的、个人的、坚硬、固体、所执取的,这称为内地界。凡内地界和外地界都只是地界。应以正慧如实见:'这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我。'如是以正慧如实见已,就会厌离地界,心离染于地界。
什么是水界?水界有内外之分。什么是内水界?凡内在的、个人的、水、水性、所执取的,如胆汁痰脓血汗脂、泪脂唾涕关节液尿,或其他任何内在的、个人的、水、水性、所执取的,这称为内水界。凡内水界和外水界都只是水界。应以正慧如实见:'这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我。'如是以正慧如实见已,就会厌离水界,心离染于水界。
什么是火界?火界有内外之分。什么是内火界?凡内在的、个人的、火、火性、所执取的,如体温、消化、烧灼、食物的正常消化,或其他任何内在的、个人的、火、火性、所执取的,这称为内火界。凡内火界和外火界都只是火界。应以正慧如实见:'这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我。'如是以正慧如实见已,就会厌离火界,心离染于火界。
什么是风界?风界有内外之分。什么是内风界?凡内在的、个人的、风、风性、所执取的,如上行风下行风、腹中风肠中风、周身游行之风、入息出息,或其他任何内在的、个人的、风、风性、所执取的,这称为内风界。凡内风界和外风界都只是风界。应以正慧如实见:'这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我。'如是以正慧如实见已,就会厌离风界,心离染于风界。
什么是空界?空界有内外之分。什么是内空界?凡内在的、个人的、空、空性、所执取的,如耳孔鼻孔口腔、吞咽食物饮料的通道、食物饮料存留的地方、食物饮料排出体外的通道,或其他任何内在的、个人的、空、空性、不与肉血相触、所执取的,这称为内空界。凡内空界和外空界都只是空界。应以正慧如实见:'这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我。'如是以正慧如实见已,就会厌离空界,心离染于空界。
那时就只剩下纯净、明净的识。以那识能识知什么?能识知'乐'、能识知'苦'、能识知'不苦不乐'。缘乐受触而生乐受。他感受乐受时,了知'我感受乐受'。他了知'那乐受触灭时,缘彼而生的乐受也会灭、寂止'。
缘苦受触而生苦受。他感受苦受时,了知'我感受苦受'。他了知'那苦受触灭时,缘彼而生的苦受也会灭、寂止'。
缘不苦不乐受触而生不苦不乐受。他感受不苦不乐受时,了知'我感受不苦不乐受'。他了知'那不苦不乐受触灭时,缘彼而生的不苦不乐受也会灭、寂止'。
比丘,就如两木相擦生热而有火生,分离那两木,所生之热即灭、寂止。同样地,缘乐受触而生乐受。他感受乐受时,了知'我感受乐受'。他了知'那乐受触灭时,缘彼而生的乐受也会灭、寂止'。
缘苦受触而生苦受。他感受苦受时,了知'我感受苦受'。他了知'那苦受触灭时,缘彼而生的苦受也会灭、寂止'。
缘不苦不乐受触而生不苦不乐受。他感受不苦不乐受时,了知'我感受不苦不乐受'。他了知'那不苦不乐受触灭时,缘彼而生的不苦不乐受也会灭、寂止'。
那时就只剩下纯净、明净、柔软、适业、光明的舍。比丘,就如熟练的金匠或金匠徒弟准备炉火,准备好炉火后涂抹炉口,用钳子夹金放入炉口,不时鼓风,不时洒水,不时观察。那金就会被炼净、除垢、柔软、适业、光明。他想做什么装饰品——无论是手镯、耳环、项链、金花,都能如愿以偿。同样地,那时就只剩下纯净、明净、柔软、适业、光明的舍。
他了知:'如果我把这样纯净、明净的舍导向空无边处(空无边处解释,见第一百五十五章),修习相应的心,那么这舍就会依止于此、执着于此而长时存续。如果我把这样纯净、明净的舍导向识无边处...无所有处...非想非非想处,修习相应的心(识无边处,无所有处,非想非非想处解释,见第一百五十五章),那么这舍就会依止于此、执着于此而长时存续。'
他了知:'如果我把这样纯净、明净的舍导向空无边处,修习相应的心,这是有为的。如果我把这样纯净、明净的舍导向识无边处...无所有处...非想非非想处,修习相应的心,这是有为的。'
他不造作、不思量导向有或非有。不造作、不思量导向有或非有故,就不执取世间的任何事物。不执取故不恐惧,不恐惧故自身证得涅槃。他了知:'生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有。'
如果他感受乐受,了知'这是无常的(无常解释:随时在变化,无法永恒存在,无法永远保持不变)'、了知'这是不应执着的'、了知'这是不应欢喜的'。如果他感受苦受,了知'这是无常的'、了知'这是不应执着的'、了知'这是不应欢喜的'。如果他感受不苦不乐受,了知'这是无常的'、了知'这是不应执着的'、了知'这是不应欢喜的'。
如果他感受乐受,他是离系地感受;如果他感受苦受,他是离系地感受;如果他感受不苦不乐受,他是离系地感受。当他感受身边际受时,了知'我感受身边际受';当他感受命边际受时,了知'我感受命边际受';他了知'身坏命终后,于此一切感受不再欢喜,将变冷'。
比丘,就如灯因油和灯芯而燃烧,油尽灯芯尽,无有他物可燃,则无食而灭。同样地,当他感受身边际受时,了知'我感受身边际受';当他感受命边际受时,了知'我感受命边际受';他了知'身坏命终后,于此一切感受不再欢喜,将变冷'。因此,具足这样的比丘就具足了这最上慧依止。这最上圣慧就是知一切苦灭尽。
他的解脱安住于真实,不动摇。比丘,凡虚妄皆是虚妄法,凡不虚妄即是涅槃,这是真实的。因此,具足这样的比丘就具足了这最上谛依止。这最上圣谛就是不虚妄法、涅槃。
他从前无明所生的诸有取,现在已断除、根除,如截多罗树头,成为非有,于未来不再生起。因此,具足这样的比丘就具足了这最上舍依止。这最上舍就是舍离一切执取。
他从前无明所生的贪欲、染著,现在已断除、根除,如截多罗树头,成为非有,于未来不再生起。他从前无明所生的嗔恚、恼害、敌意,现在已断除、根除,如截多罗树头,成为非有,于未来不再生起。他从前无明所生的无明、愚痴,现在已断除、根除,如截多罗树头,成为非有,于未来不再生起。因此,具足这样的比丘就具足了这最上止依止。这最上圣止就是贪、嗔、痴的止息。'不应放逸智慧,应守护真实,应培育舍离,应学习寂静',这就是这个意思。
'安住其中者,妄想不生。妄想不生时,称为寂静牟尼',这是怎么说的?比丘,'我是'是一种妄想,'我是这个'是一种妄想,'我将是'是一种妄想,'我将不是'是一种妄想,'我将是色身'是一种妄想,'我将是无色'是一种妄想,'我将是有想'是一种妄想,'我将是无想'是一种妄想,'我将是非想非非想'是一种妄想。比丘,妄想是一种病,妄想是一种疮,妄想是一种箭。比丘,超越一切妄想,称为寂静牟尼。比丘,寂静牟尼不生、不老、不死、不动摇、不渴求。他没有可以出生的因,不生故怎么会老?不老故怎么会死?不死故怎么会动摇?不动摇故为什么会渴求?'安住其中者,妄想不生。妄想不生时,称为寂静牟尼',这就是这个意思。比丘,你要记住我以此简要说的六界分别。"
这时,尊者普库萨帝想:"老师来到我这里了,善逝来到我这里了,正等正觉来到我这里了。"他从座位起身,整理上衣,顶礼世尊双足,对世尊说:"尊者,我犯了过错,像愚痴、迷惑、不善巧的人一样,我竟然以'朋友'来称呼世尊。请世尊接受我的忏悔,为了未来的约束。"
"的确,比丘,你犯了过错,像愚痴、迷惑、不善巧的人一样,你竟然以'朋友'来称呼我。但是,比丘,既然你已经看到过错并如法忏悔,我们接受你的忏悔。比丘,在圣者的律中(律解释:戒律),一个人看到过错,如法忏悔,并在未来约束自己,这是一种进步。"
"尊者,我想在世尊座下受具足戒。"
"比丘,你的衣钵具足了吗?"
"尊者,我的衣钵还不具足。"
"比丘,如来不为衣钵不具足者授具足戒。"
于是,尊者普库萨帝欢喜、随喜世尊的开示,从座位起身,礼敬世尊,右绕而去,去寻找衣钵。在寻找衣钵的过程中,一头暴牛夺去了他的生命。
后来,一群比丘来到世尊那里,礼敬世尊后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,那些比丘对世尊说:"尊者,那位名叫普库萨帝的族姓子,被世尊以简要教诫所教导,他已经去世了。他的去处如何?他的来世如何?"
"比丘们,普库萨帝族姓子是一位智者,他依法而行,不曾因法而困扰我。比丘们,普库萨帝族姓子由于断尽五下分结,成为化生者(五下分结解释,见第六百五十七章;化生解释:本无而忽生之意。即无所依托,借业力而出现者。凡化生者,不缺诸根支分,死亦不留其遗形,即所谓顿生而顿灭,故于四生中亦最胜。化生者,皆以爱染当生处而受其生),必定在那里般涅槃(般涅槃解释:进入最后的涅槃境界,不再生死轮回;生死轮回解释,见第五百七十八章),不再从那世界回来。"
世尊如是说。那些比丘满怀欢喜,赞叹世尊的话。
《界分别经》结束。
巴利语原版经文
MN.140/(10) Dhātuvibhaṅgasuttaṃ
342. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā magadhesu cārikaṃ caramāno yena rājagahaṃ tadavasari; yena bhaggavo kumbhakāro tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhaggavaṃ kumbhakāraṃ etadavoca– “sace te, bhaggava, agaru viharemu āvesane ekarattan”ti. “Na kho me, bhante, garu. Atthi cettha pabbajito paṭhamaṃ vāsūpagato. Sace so anujānāti, viharatha, bhante, yathāsukhan”ti.
Tena kho pana samayena pukkusāti nāma kulaputto bhagavantaṃ uddissa saddhāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. So tasmiṃ kumbhakārāvesane paṭhamaṃ vāsūpagato hoti. Atha kho bhagavā yenāyasmā pukkusāti tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ pukkusātiṃ etadavoca– “sace te, bhikkhu, agaru viharemu āvesane ekarattan”ti. “Urundaṃ, āvuso, kumbhakārāvesanaṃ. Viharatāyasmā yathāsukhan”ti.
Atha kho bhagavā kumbhakārāvesanaṃ pavisitvā ekamantaṃ tiṇasanthārakaṃ paññāpetvā nisīdi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Atha kho bhagavā bahudeva rattiṃ nisajjāya vītināmesi. Āyasmāpi kho pukkusāti bahudeva rattiṃ nisajjāya vītināmesi.
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi– “pāsādikaṃ kho ayaṃ kulaputto iriyati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ puccheyyan”ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ pukkusātiṃ etadavoca– “kaṃsi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, uddissa pabbajito? Ko vā te satthā? Kassa vā tvaṃ dhammaṃ rocesī”ti? “Atthāvuso, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito. Taṃ kho pana bhagavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato– ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti Tāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa pabbajito. So ca me bhagavā satthā. Tassa cāhaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ rocemī”ti. “Kahaṃ pana, bhikkhu, etarahi so bhagavā viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho”ti. “Atthāvuso, uttaresu janapadesu sāvatthi nāma nagaraṃ. Tattha so bhagavā etarahi viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho”ti. “Diṭṭhapubbo pana te, bhikkhu, so bhagavā; disvā ca pana jāneyyāsī”ti? “Na kho me, āvuso, diṭṭhapubbo so bhagavā; disvā cāhaṃ na jāneyyan”ti.
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi– “mamañca khvāyaṃ kulaputto uddissa pabbajito. Yaṃnūnassāhaṃ dhammaṃ deseyyan”ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ pukkusātiṃ āmantesi– “dhammaṃ te, bhikkhu, desessāmi. Taṃ suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā pukkusāti bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca–
343. “‘Chadhāturo ayaṃ, bhikkhu, puriso chaphassāyatano aṭṭhārasamanopavicāro caturādhiṭṭhāno; yattha ṭhitaṃ maññassavā nappavattanti, maññassave kho pana nappavattamāne muni santoti vuccati. Paññaṃ nappamajjeyya, saccamanurakkheyya, cāgamanubrūheyya, santimeva so sikkheyyā’ti– ayamuddeso dhātuvibhaṅgassa.
344. “‘Chadhāturo ayaṃ, bhikkhu, puriso’ti– iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? (chayimā, bhikkhu, dhātuyo) – pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu, ākāsadhātu, viññāṇadhātu. ‘Chadhāturo ayaṃ, bhikkhu, puriso’ti– iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
345. “‘Chaphassāyatano ayaṃ, bhikkhu, puriso’ti – iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Cakkhusamphassāyatanaṃ, sotasamphassāyatanaṃ, ghānasamphassāyatanaṃ, jivhāsamphassāyatanaṃ, kāyasamphassāyatanaṃ, manosamphassāyatanaṃ. ‘Chaphassāyatano ayaṃ, bhikkhu, puriso’ti– iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
346. “‘Aṭṭhārasamanopavicāro ayaṃ, bhikkhu, puriso’ti– iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā somanassaṭṭhānīyaṃ rūpaṃ upavicarati, domanassaṭṭhānīyaṃ rūpaṃ upavicarati, upekkhāṭṭhānīyaṃ rūpaṃ upavicarati; sotena saddaṃ sutvā …pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya somanassaṭṭhānīyaṃ dhammaṃ upavicarati, domanassaṭṭhānīyaṃ dhammaṃ upavicarati upekkhāṭṭhānīyaṃ dhammaṃ upavicarati– iti cha somanassupavicārā, cha domanassupavicārā, cha upekkhupavicārā. ‘Aṭṭhārasamanopavicāro ayaṃ, bhikkhu, puriso’ti– iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
347. “‘Caturādhiṭṭhāno ayaṃ, bhikkhu, puriso’ti– iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Paññādhiṭṭhāno, saccādhiṭṭhāno, cāgādhiṭṭhāno, upasamādhiṭṭhāno. ‘Caturādhiṭṭhāno ayaṃ, bhikkhu, puriso’ti– iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
348. “‘Paññaṃ nappamajjeyya, saccamanurakkheyya, cāgamanubrūheyya, santimeva so sikkheyyā’ti– iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Kathañca, bhikkhu, paññaṃ nappamajjati? Chayimā, bhikkhu, dhātuyo– pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu, ākāsadhātu, viññāṇadhātu.
349. “Katamā ca, bhikkhu, pathavīdhātu? Pathavīdhātu siyā ajjhattikā siyā bāhirā. Katamā ca, bhikkhu, ajjhattikā pathavīdhātu? Yaṃ ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ kakkhaḷaṃ kharigataṃ upādinnaṃ, seyyathidaṃ– kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ kakkhaḷaṃ kharigataṃ upādinnaṃ– ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhu, ajjhattikā pathavīdhātu. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā pathavīdhātu yā ca bāhirā pathavīdhātu pathavīdhāturevesā ‘Taṃ netaṃ mama nesohamasmi na meso attā’ti– evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya disvā pathavīdhātuyā nibbindati, pathavīdhātuyā cittaṃ virājeti.
350. “Katamā ca, bhikkhu, āpodhātu? Āpodhātu siyā ajjhattikā siyā bāhirā. Katamā ca, bhikkhu, ajjhattikā āpodhātu? Yaṃ ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ āpo āpogataṃ upādinnaṃ seyyathidaṃ– pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃ, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ āpo āpogataṃ upādinnaṃ– ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhu, ajjhattikā āpodhātu. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā āpodhātu yā ca bāhirā āpodhātu āpodhāturevesā. ‘Taṃ netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti– evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya disvā āpodhātuyā nibbindati, āpodhātuyā cittaṃ virājeti.
351. “Katamā ca, bhikkhu, tejodhātu? Tejodhātu siyā ajjhattikā siyā bāhirā. Katamā ca, bhikkhu, ajjhattikā tejodhātu? Yaṃ ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ tejo tejogataṃ upādinnaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – yena ca santappati, yena ca jīrīyati, yena ca pariḍayhati, yena ca asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchati, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ tejo tejogataṃ upādinnaṃ– ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhu, ajjhattikā tejodhātu. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā tejodhātu yā ca bāhirā tejodhātu tejodhāturevesā. ‘Taṃ netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti– evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya disvā tejodhātuyā nibbindati, tejodhātuyā cittaṃ virājeti.
352. “Katamā ca, bhikkhu, vāyodhātu? Vāyodhātu siyā ajjhattikā siyā bāhirā. Katamā ca, bhikkhu, ajjhattikā vāyodhātu? Yaṃ ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ vāyo vāyogataṃ upādinnaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – uddhaṅgamā vātā adhogamā vātā kucchisayā vātā koṭṭhāsayā vātā aṅgamaṅgānusārino vātā assāso passāso iti, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ vāyo vāyogataṃ upādinnaṃ– ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhu, ajjhattikā vāyodhātu. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā vāyodhātu yā ca bāhirā vāyodhātu vāyodhāturevesā. ‘Taṃ netaṃ mama nesohamasmi na meso attā’ti– evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya disvā vāyodhātuyā nibbindati, vāyodhātuyā cittaṃ virājeti.
353. “Katamā ca, bhikkhu, ākāsadhātu? Ākāsadhātu siyā ajjhattikā siyā bāhirā. Katamā ca, bhikkhu, ajjhattikā ākāsadhātu Yaṃ ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ ākāsaṃ ākāsagataṃ upādinnaṃ, seyyathidaṃ kaṇṇacchiddaṃ nāsacchiddaṃ mukhadvāraṃ yena ca asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ ajjhoharati, yattha ca asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ santiṭṭhati, yena ca asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ adhobhāgaṃ nikkhamati, yaṃ vā panaññampi kiñci ajjhattaṃ paccattaṃ ākāsaṃ ākāsagataṃ aghaṃ aghagataṃ vivaraṃ vivaragataṃ asamphuṭṭhaṃ maṃsalohitehi upādinnaṃ– ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhu ajjhattikā ākāsadhātu. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā ākāsadhātu yā ca bāhirā ākāsadhātu ākāsadhāturevesā. ‘Taṃ netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti– evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya disvā ākāsadhātuyā nibbindati, ākāsadhātuyā cittaṃ virājeti.
354. “Athāparaṃ viññāṇaṃyeva avasissati parisuddhaṃ pariyodātaṃ. Tena ca viññāṇena kiṃ vijānāti? ‘Sukhan’tipi vijānāti, ‘dukkhan’tipi vijānāti, ‘adukkhamasukhan’tipi vijānāti. Sukhavedaniyaṃ, bhikkhu, phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhā vedanā. So sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti. ‘Tasseva sukhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodhā yaṃ tajjaṃ vedayitaṃ sukhavedaniyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppannā sukhā vedanā sā nirujjhati, sā vūpasammatī’ti pajānāti.
355. “Dukkhavedaniyaṃ, bhikkhu, phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhā vedanā. So dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti. ‘Tasseva dukkhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodhā yaṃ tajjaṃ vedayitaṃ dukkhavedaniyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppannā dukkhā vedanā sā nirujjhati, sā vūpasammatī’ti pajānāti.
356. “Adukkhamasukhavedaniyaṃ, bhikkhu, phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati adukkhamasukhā vedanā. So adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti. ‘Tasseva adukkhamasukhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodhā yaṃ tajjaṃ vedayitaṃ adukkhamasukhavedaniyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppannā adukkhamasukhā vedanā sā nirujjhati, sā vūpasammatī’ti pajānāti.
357. “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, dvinnaṃ kaṭṭhānaṃ saṅghaṭṭā samodhānā usmā jāyati, tejo abhinibbattati, tesaṃyeva dvinnaṃ kaṭṭhānaṃ nānābhāvā vikkhepā yā tajjā usmā sā nirujjhati, sā vūpasammati; evameva kho, bhikkhu, sukhavedaniyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhā vedanā. So sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti. ‘Tasseva sukhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodhā yaṃ tajjaṃ vedayitaṃ sukhavedaniyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppannā sukhā vedanā sā nirujjhati, sā vūpasammatī’ti pajānāti.
358. “Dukkhavedaniyaṃ, bhikkhu, phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhā vedanā. So dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti. ‘Tasseva dukkhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodhā yaṃ tajjaṃ vedayitaṃ dukkhavedaniyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppannā dukkhā vedanā sā nirujjhati, sā vūpasammatī’ti pajānāti.
359. “Adukkhamasukhavedaniyaṃ bhikkhu, phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati adukkhamasukhā vedanā. So adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti. ‘Tasseva adukkhamasukhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodhā yaṃ tajjaṃ vedayitaṃ adukkhamasukhavedaniyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppannā adukkhamasukhā vedanā sā nirujjhati, sā vūpasammatī’ti pajānāti.
360. “Athāparaṃ upekkhāyeva avasissati parisuddhā pariyodātā mudu ca kammaññā ca pabhassarā ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, dakkho suvaṇṇakāro vā suvaṇṇakārantevāsī vā ukkaṃ bandheyya, ukkaṃ bandhitvā ukkāmukhaṃ ālimpeyya, ukkāmukhaṃ ālimpetvā saṇḍāsena jātarūpaṃ gahetvā ukkāmukhe pakkhipeyya, tamenaṃ kālena kālaṃ abhidhameyya, kālena kālaṃ udakena paripphoseyya, kālena kālaṃ ajjhupekkheyya, taṃ hoti jātarūpaṃ sudhantaṃ niddhantaṃ nīhaṭaṃ ninnītakasāvaṃ mudu ca kammaññañca pabhassarañca, yassā yassā ca piḷandhanavikatiyā ākaṅkhati– yadi paṭṭikāya yadi kuṇḍalāya yadi gīveyyakāya yadi suvaṇṇamālāya tañcassa atthaṃ anubhoti; evameva kho, bhikkhu, athāparaṃ upekkhāyeva avasissati parisuddhā pariyodātā mudu ca kammaññā ca pabhassarā ca.
361. “So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘imañce ahaṃ upekkhaṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasaṃhareyyaṃ, tadanudhammañca cittaṃ bhāveyyaṃ. Evaṃ me ayaṃ upekkhā taṃnissitā tadupādānā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭheyya. Imañce ahaṃ upekkhaṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasaṃhareyyaṃ, tadanudhammañca cittaṃ bhāveyyaṃ. Evaṃ me ayaṃ upekkhā taṃnissitā tadupādānā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭheyya. Imañce ahaṃ upekkhaṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasaṃhareyyaṃ, tadanudhammañca cittaṃ bhāveyyaṃ. Evaṃ me ayaṃ upekkhā taṃnissitā tadupādānā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭheyya. Imañce ahaṃ upekkhaṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasaṃhareyyaṃ, tadanudhammañca cittaṃ bhāveyyaṃ. Evaṃ me ayaṃ upekkhā taṃnissitā tadupādānā ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭheyyā’”ti.
362. “So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘imañce ahaṃ upekkhaṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasaṃhareyyaṃ, tadanudhammañca cittaṃ bhāveyyaṃ; saṅkhatametaṃ. Imañce ahaṃ upekkhaṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasaṃhareyyaṃ, tadanudhammañca cittaṃ bhāveyyaṃ; saṅkhatametaṃ. Imañce ahaṃ upekkhaṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasaṃhareyyaṃ, tadanudhammañca cittaṃ bhāveyyaṃ; saṅkhatametaṃ. Imañce ahaṃ upekkhaṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasaṃhareyyaṃ, tadanudhammañca cittaṃ bhāveyyaṃ; saṅkhatametan’”ti.
“So neva taṃ abhisaṅkharoti, na abhisañcetayati bhavāya vā vibhavāya vā. So anabhisaṅkharonto anabhisañcetayanto bhavāya vā vibhavāya vā na kiñci loke upādiyati, anupādiyaṃ na paritassati, aparitassaṃ paccattaṃyeva parinibbāyati. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti.
363. “So sukhañce vedanaṃ vedeti, ‘sā aniccā’ti pajānāti, ‘anajjhositā’ti pajānāti, ‘anabhinanditā’ti pajānāti. Dukkhañce vedanaṃ vedeti ‘sā aniccā’ti pajānāti, ‘anajjhositā’ti pajānāti, ‘anabhinanditā’ti pajānāti. Adukkhamasukhañce vedanaṃ vedeti, ‘sā aniccā’ti pajānāti, ‘anajjhositā’ti pajānāti, ‘anabhinanditā’ti pajānāti.
364. “So sukhañce vedanaṃ vedeti, visaṃyutto naṃ vedeti; dukkhañce vedanaṃ vedeti, visaṃyutto naṃ vedeti; adukkhamasukhañce vedanaṃ vedeti, visaṃyutto naṃ vedeti. So kāyapariyantikaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘kāyapariyantikaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti, jīvitapariyantikaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘jīvitapariyantikaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti, ‘kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā uddhaṃ jīvitapariyādānā idheva sabbavedayitāni anabhinanditāni sītībhavissantī’ti pajānāti.
365. “Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, telañca paṭicca vaṭṭiñca paṭicca telappadīpo jhāyati; tasseva telassa ca vaṭṭiyā ca pariyādānā aññassa ca anupahārā anāhāro nibbāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhu, kāyapariyantikaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘kāyapariyantikaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti, jīvitapariyantikaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘jīvitapariyantikaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti, ‘kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā uddhaṃ jīvitapariyādānā idheva sabbavedayitāni anabhinanditāni sītībhavissantī’ti pajānāti. Tasmā evaṃ samannāgato bhikkhu iminā paramena paññādhiṭṭhānena samannāgato hoti. Esā hi, bhikkhu, paramā ariyā paññā yadidaṃ– sabbadukkhakkhaye ñāṇaṃ.
366. “Tassa sā vimutti sacce ṭhitā akuppā hoti. Tañhi, bhikkhu, musā yaṃ mosadhammaṃ, taṃ saccaṃ yaṃ amosadhammaṃ nibbānaṃ. Tasmā evaṃ samannāgato bhikkhu iminā paramena saccādhiṭṭhānena samannāgato hoti. Etañhi, bhikkhu, paramaṃ ariyasaccaṃ yadidaṃ– amosadhammaṃ nibbānaṃ.
367. “Tasseva kho pana pubbe aviddasuno upadhī honti samattā samādinnā. Tyāssa pahīnā honti ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tasmā evaṃ samannāgato bhikkhu iminā paramena cāgādhiṭṭhānena samannāgato hoti. Eso hi, bhikkhu, paramo ariyo cāgo yadidaṃ– sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo.
368. “Tasseva kho pana pubbe aviddasuno abhijjhā hoti chando sārāgo. Svāssa pahīno hoti ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo. Tasseva kho pana pubbe aviddasuno āghāto hoti byāpādo sampadoso. Svāssa pahīno hoti ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo. Tasseva kho pana pubbe aviddasuno avijjā hoti sammoho. Svāssa pahīno hoti ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo. Tasmā evaṃ samannāgato bhikkhu iminā paramena upasamādhiṭṭhānena samannāgato hoti. Eso hi, bhikkhu, paramo ariyo upasamo yadidaṃ– rāgadosamohānaṃ upasamo. ‘Paññaṃ nappamajjeyya, saccamanurakkheyya, cāgamanubrūheyya, santimeva so sikkheyyā’ti– iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
369. “‘Yattha ṭhitaṃ maññassavā nappavattanti, maññassave kho pana nappavattamāne muni santoti vuccatī’ti– iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? ‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhu, maññitametaṃ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti maññitametaṃ, ‘bhavissan’ti maññitametaṃ, ‘na bhavissan’ti maññitametaṃ, ‘rūpī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṃ, ‘arūpī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṃ, ‘saññī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṃ, ‘asaññī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṃ, ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissan’ti maññitametaṃ. Maññitaṃ, bhikkhu, rogo maññitaṃ gaṇḍo maññitaṃ sallaṃ. Sabbamaññitānaṃ tveva, bhikkhu, samatikkamā muni santoti vuccati. Muni kho pana, bhikkhu, santo na jāyati, na jīyati, na mīyati, na kuppati, na piheti. Tañhissa, bhikkhu, natthi yena jāyetha, ajāyamāno kiṃ jīyissati, ajīyamāno kiṃ mīyissati, amīyamāno kiṃ kuppissati, akuppamāno kissa pihessati? ‘Yattha ṭhitaṃ maññassavā nappavattanti, maññassave kho pana nappavattamāne muni santoti vuccatī’ti– iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ. Imaṃ kho me tvaṃ, bhikkhu, saṃkhittena chadhātuvibhaṅgaṃ dhārehī”ti.
370. Atha kho āyasmā pukkusāti– “satthā kira me anuppatto, sugato kira me anuppatto sammāsambuddho kira me anuppatto”ti uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “accayo maṃ, bhante, accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathā-akusalaṃ, yohaṃ bhagavantaṃ āvusovādena samudācaritabbaṃ amaññissaṃ. Tassa me, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā”ti. “Taggha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, accayo accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathā-akusalaṃ yaṃ maṃ tvaṃ āvusovādena samudācaritabbaṃ amaññittha. Yato ca kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarosi, taṃ te mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuddhihesā, bhikkhu, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti, āyatiṃ saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī”ti. “Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike upasampadan”ti. “Paripuṇṇaṃ pana te, bhikkhu, pattacīvaran”ti? “Na kho me, bhante, paripuṇṇaṃ pattacīvaran”ti. “Na kho, bhikkhu, tathāgatā aparipuṇṇapattacīvaraṃ upasampādentī”ti.
Atha kho āyasmā pukkusāti bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pattacīvarapariyesanaṃ pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmantaṃ pukkusātiṃ pattacīvarapariyesanaṃ carantaṃ vibbhantā gāvī jīvitā voropesi. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “yo so, bhante, pukkusāti nāma kulaputto bhagavatā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito so kālaṅkato. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo”ti? “Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, pukkusāti kulaputto paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ, na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ vihesesi. Pukkusāti, bhikkhave, kulaputto pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Dhātuvibhaṅgasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ.