第一千一百二十一章 分别总说经
中部138经/分别总说经(分别品[14])
我是这样听说的:有一次,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。在那里,世尊对比丘们说:"比丘们。" 比丘们回答说:"尊者。"世尊说:"比丘们,我将对你们讲述总说的分别。仔细听,好好思考,我要讲了。""是的,尊者。"那些比丘回答世尊。
世尊说:"比丘们,比丘应该这样观察:随着他的观察,他的识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧。比丘们,当识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧时,未来就不会产生生、老、死等苦的集起。"
世尊说完这些话后,从座位起身进入精舍。此时,那些比丘想:"朋友们,世尊简略地说了这个总说,没有详细解释其意义就起身进入精舍了:'比丘们,比丘应该这样观察:随着他的观察,他的识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧。比丘们,当识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧时,未来就不会产生生、老、死等苦的集起。'谁能详细解释世尊简略说的这个总说的意义呢?"
那些比丘想:"尊者大迦旃延受到导师的赞誉,也受到有智慧的同修们的尊重。尊者大迦旃延能够详细解释世尊简略说的这个总说的意义。我们何不去拜访尊者大迦旃延,向他请教这个问题呢?"
于是那些比丘去拜访尊者大迦旃延。到了之后,他们互相问候。寒暄过后,坐在一旁。坐下后,那些比丘对尊者大迦旃延说:"朋友迦旃延,世尊简略地说了这个总说,没有详细解释其意义就起身进入精舍了:'比丘们,比丘应该这样观察:随着他的观察,他的识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧。比丘们,当识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧时,未来就不会产生生、老、死等苦的集起。'朋友迦旃延,世尊离开后不久,我们想:'朋友们,世尊简略地说了这个总说,没有详细解释其意义就起身进入精舍了:比丘们,比丘应该这样观察:随着他的观察,他的识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧。比丘们,当识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧时,未来就不会产生生、老、死等苦的集起。谁能详细解释世尊简略说的这个总说的意义呢?'朋友迦旃延,我们想:'尊者大迦旃延受到导师的赞誉,也受到有智慧的同修们的尊重。尊者大迦旃延能够详细解释世尊简略说的这个总说的意义。我们何不去拜访尊者大迦旃延,向他请教这个问题呢?' 请尊者大迦旃延为我们解释。"
大迦旃延说:"朋友们,就像一个想要寻找心材的人,在寻找心材时,遇到一棵高大有心材的树,却忽略了树根和树干,认为应该在树枝和树叶中寻找心材。你们的情况也是如此。当世尊就在你们面前时,你们却越过世尊,认为应该问我这个问题。朋友们,世尊知道应知之事,见到应见之事,他是眼、是智、是法、是梵(梵解释:意译寂静、清净、离欲。1.为印度正统婆罗门教思想之最高原理。据梨俱吠陀之记载,祈祷主为最上神,是由祭司支配者演变为宇宙之创造神,为宇宙生成原理。又据梵书文献之创造神话中,为形成新的万有根本原理,于是融合以上诸原理,演成生主,为被崇拜的根本神格。初时,梵,意指吠陀之赞歌、祭词、咒词等,同时被视为其本质即神秘之力量。自吠陀至上、祭祀万能之梵书时代以降,成为世界根源之创造原理,被视为生主的创造物之一。尔后两者又被视为同一,其后,生主作为人格神之色彩淡薄,逐渐为单纯之世界原理而存立,随着梵之崇拜兴起,梵代替生主为世界万有之原理,而生主被视为依存于中性原理本有之梵,并位居其下位,遂以梵为主体,展开宇宙创造说。宇宙最高之原理梵成立后,对之深深探究与思索之结果,确立梵与我一体化之梵我一如说,此为奥义书泛神论哲学之中心观念,遂成为贯通印度宗教、哲学思想之根本思想。2.梵具有清净之义,从事清净之行,尤其指断淫欲之事,称为梵行;行淫欲者,称为非梵行。清净之十戒,称为梵净十戒。佛、菩萨美妙之音声,称作梵音声、梵声、梵音;其响称为梵响。梵音相为佛三十二相之一。佛之清净法身,称为梵身。佛堂伽蓝又称梵刹、梵宇、梵阁,寺院之吊钟一称梵钟。佛学又称梵学,印度又称梵土。梵行先生为僧之异称,梵仪指僧侣之威仪。3.意指梵语。例如,以梵语撰写之典籍,称作梵本。梵夹指以贝叶书写成之梵字经典。4.意指梵天之略称。色界诸天离欲清净,总名梵天。大智度论卷三十五:‘色界都名为梵,(中略)又梵为色界初门。’),是说者、是宣说者、是义的阐明者、是甘露的施与者、是法的主宰者、是如来(如来解释:为佛十号之一。即佛之尊称。盖梵语可分解为如去、如来二种,若作前者解,为乘真如之道,而往于佛果涅槃之义,故称为如去;若作后者解,则为由真理而来,如实而来,而成正觉之义,故称如来。佛陀即乘真理而来,由真如而现身,故尊称佛陀为如来。智知诸法如,从如中来,故名如来。也可以用因缘角度来解释,因缘聚合而来称为如来,因缘消散则去称为如去)。那正是你们应该向世尊请教这个问题的时候。世尊如何解释,你们就应该那样受持。"
"朋友迦旃延,诚然,世尊知道应知之事,见到应见之事,他是眼、是智、是法、是梵,是说者、是宣说者、是义的阐明者、是甘露的施与者、是法的主宰者、是如来。那正是我们应该向世尊请教这个问题的时候。世尊如何解释,我们就应该那样受持。但是,尊者大迦旃延受到导师的赞誉,也受到有智慧的同修们的尊重。尊者大迦旃延能够详细解释世尊简略说的这个总说的意义。请尊者大迦旃延为我们解释,不要觉得麻烦。"
"那么,朋友们,请听,请仔细作意,我要说了。""是的,朋友。"那些比丘回答尊者大迦旃延。
尊者大迦旃延说:"朋友们,关于世尊简略地说了这个总说,没有详细解释其意义就起身进入精舍的:'比丘们,比丘应该这样观察:随着他的观察,他的识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧。比丘们,当识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧时,未来就不会产生生、老、死等苦的集起。'我理解这个简略说的总说的详细含义如下:
朋友们,如何是识向外散乱流散? 在这里,当比丘以眼见色时(色解释:物质事物),他的识追随色相,被色相的可爱之处所系缚,被色相的可爱之处所束缚,与色相的可爱之处相应,这被称为识向外散乱流散。当以耳闻声时......以鼻嗅香时......以舌尝味时......以身触触时......以意知法时(法即是法尘:法尘解释:六尘之一,法尘是意根所缘的境界,意根对前五根所缘的境界,分别好丑,而起善恶诸法,是名法尘。吾人日常动作,虽已过去,而前尘影事,忆念不忘,即是法尘的作用),他的识追随法相,被法相的可爱之处所系缚,被法相的可爱之处所束缚,与法相的可爱之处相应,这被称为识向外散乱流散。朋友们,这就是如何识向外散乱流散。
朋友们,如何是识不向外散乱流散?在这里,当比丘以眼见色时,他的识不追随色相,不被色相的可爱之处所系缚,不被色相的可爱之处所束缚,不与色相的可爱之处相应,这被称为识不向外散乱流散。当以耳闻声时......以鼻嗅香时......以舌尝味时......以身触触时......以意知法时,他的识不追随法相,不被法相的可爱之处所系缚,不被法相的可爱之处所束缚,不与法相的可爱之处相应,这被称为识不向外散乱流散。朋友们,这就是如何识不向外散乱流散。
朋友们,如何是内心执著?在这里,比丘远离欲乐,远离不善法,有寻有伺,由远离而生喜乐,证得并安住于初禅(有寻有伺解释,见第八百八十九章;初禅解释,见第一百五十五章)。他的识追随由远离而生的喜乐,被由远离而生的喜乐所系缚,被由远离而生的喜乐所束缚,与由远离而生的喜乐相应,这被称为内心执著。
再者,朋友们,比丘平息了寻伺,内心安静,心专注一境,无寻无伺,定生喜乐,证得并安住于第二禅(第二禅解释:即是二禅,见第一百五十五章)。他的识追随由定而生的喜乐,被由定而生的喜乐所系缚,被由定而生的喜乐所束缚,与由定而生的喜乐相应,这被称为内心执著。
再者,朋友们,比丘离喜,住于舍,正念正知,以身感受乐,正如圣者们所说的'舍念乐住',证得并安住于第三禅(第三禅,见第一百五十五章)。他的识追随舍,被舍乐所系缚,被舍乐所束缚,与舍乐相应,这被称为内心执著。
再者,朋友们,比丘断乐断苦,先前的喜忧已灭,不苦不乐,舍念清净,证得并安住于第四禅(第四禅,见第一百五十五章)。他的识追随不苦不乐,被不苦不乐所系缚,被不苦不乐所束缚,与不苦不乐相应,这被称为内心执著。朋友们,这就是如何内心执著。
朋友们,如何是内心不执著?在这里,比丘远离欲乐,远离不善法,有寻有伺,由远离而生喜乐,证得并安住于初禅。他的识不追随由远离而生的喜乐,不被由远离而生的喜乐所系缚,不被由远离而生的喜乐所束缚,不与由远离而生的喜乐相应,这被称为内心不执著。
再者,朋友们,比丘平息了寻伺......证得并安住于第二禅。他的识不追随由定而生的喜乐,不被由定而生的喜乐所系缚,不被由定而生的喜乐所束缚,不与由定而生的喜乐相应,这被称为内心不执著。
再者,朋友们,比丘离喜......证得并安住于第三禅。他的识不追随舍,不被舍乐所系缚,不被舍乐所束缚,不与舍乐相应,这被称为内心不执著。
再者,朋友们,比丘断乐断苦......证得并安住于第四禅。他的识不追随不苦不乐,不被不苦不乐所系缚,不被不苦不乐所束缚,不与不苦不乐相应,这被称为内心不执著。朋友们,这就是如何内心不执著。
朋友们,如何是由于执取而恐惧?在这里,一个无闻凡夫不见圣者,不知圣法,不善巧于圣法,不受训于圣法,不见善人,不知善人法,不善巧于善人法,不受训于善人法。他认为色是我,或我拥有色,或色在我中,或我在色中。他的那个色变化、改变。由于色的变化和改变,他的识随之变化。由于识随色的变化而变化,生起恐惧、烦恼等法,占据并停留在他的心中。由于心被占据,他就恐惧、苦恼、忧虑,执取而恐惧。他认为受是我......想是我......行是我......识是我,或我拥有识,或识在我中,或我在识中。他的那个识变化、改变。由于识的变化和改变,他的识随之变化。由于识随识的变化而变化,生起恐惧、烦恼等法,占据并停留在他的心中。由于心被占据,他就恐惧、苦恼、忧虑,执取而恐惧。朋友们,这就是如何由于执取而恐惧。
朋友们,如何是由于不执取而不恐惧?在这里,一个多闻圣弟子见到圣者,知晓圣法,善巧于圣法,善受训于圣法,见到善人,知晓善人法,善巧于善人法,善受训于善人法。他不认为色是我,或我拥有色,或色在我中,或我在色中。他的那个色变化、改变。虽然色变化和改变,但他的识不随之变化。由于识不随色的变化而变化,不生起恐惧、烦恼等法,不占据也不停留在他的心中。由于心不被占据,他就不恐惧、不苦恼、不忧虑,不执取而不恐惧。
他不认为受是我......想是我......行是我......识是我,或我拥有识,或识在我中,或我在识中。他的那个识变化、改变。虽然识变化和改变,但他的识不随之变化。由于识不随识的变化而变化,不生起恐惧、烦恼等法,不占据也不停留在他的心中。由于心不被占据,他就不恐惧、不苦恼、不忧虑,不执取而不恐惧。朋友们,这就是如何由于不执取而不恐惧。
朋友们,关于世尊简略地说了这个总说,没有详细解释其意义就起身进入精舍的:'比丘们,比丘应该这样观察:随着他的观察,他的识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧。比丘们,当识不向外散乱流散,内心不执著,不执取而不恐惧时,未来就不会产生生、老、死等苦的集起。'我如此理解这个简略说的总说的详细含义。朋友们,如果你们想的话,可以去见世尊,请问他这个问题。世尊如何解释,你们就应该那样受持。"
那时,那些比丘对尊者大迦旃延的话感到欢喜、随喜,从座而起,去见世尊。到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,那些比丘把与尊者大迦旃延的全部谈话都告诉了世尊。(他们说:)"世尊,尊者大迦旃延用这些文句、这些词语、这些内容为我们解释了意义。"
世尊说:"比丘们,大迦旃延是智者,大迦旃延具有大智慧。比丘们,如果你们问我这个问题,我也会像大迦旃延那样解释。这就是这个问题的意义,你们应该这样受持。"
世尊如是说。那些比丘对世尊的话感到欢喜、随喜。
巴利语原版经文
MN.138/(8) Uddesavibhaṅgasuttaṃ
313. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca– “uddesavibhaṅgaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca–
“Tathā tathā, bhikkhave, bhikkhu upaparikkheyya yathā yathā upaparikkhato bahiddhā cassa viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭaṃ, ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitaṃ anupādāya na paritasseyya. Bahiddhā, bhikkhave, viññāṇe avikkhitte avisaṭe sati ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhite anupādāya aparitassato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇadukkhasamudayasambhavo na hotī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.
314. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, acirapakkantassa bhagavato, etadahosi– “idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho– ‘tathā tathā, bhikkhave bhikkhu upaparikkheyya yathā yathā upaparikkhato bahiddhā cassa viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭaṃ, ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitaṃ anupādāya na paritasseyya. Bahiddhā bhikkhave, viññāṇe avikkhitte avisaṭe sati ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhite anupādāya aparitassato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇadukkhasamudayasambhavo na hotī’ti. Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā”ti? Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi– “ayaṃ kho āyasmā mahākaccāno satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ; pahoti cāyasmā mahākaccāno imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā”ti.
Atha kho te bhikkhū yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākaccānena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavocuṃ –
“Idaṃ kho no, āvuso kaccāna, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘tathā tathā, bhikkhave, bhikkhu upaparikkheyya yathā yathā upaparikkhato bahiddhā cassa viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭaṃ, ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitaṃ anupādāya na paritasseyya. Bahiddhā, bhikkhave, viññāṇe avikkhitte avisaṭe sati ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhite anupādāya aparitassato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇadukkhasamudayasambhavo na hotī’ti. Tesaṃ no, āvuso kaccāna, amhākaṃ, acirapakkantassa bhagavato, etadahosi– ‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – tathā tathā, bhikkhave, bhikkhu upaparikkheyya, yathā yathā upaparikkhato bahiddhā cassa viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭaṃ ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitaṃ anupādāya na paritasseyya. Bahiddhā, bhikkhave, viññāṇe avikkhitte avisaṭe sati ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhite anupādāya aparitassato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇadukkhasamudayasambhavo na hotī’ti. Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā”ti. “Tesaṃ no, āvuso kaccāna, amhākaṃ etadahosi– ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā mahākaccāno satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito, sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā mahākaccāno imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ti– vibhajatāyasmā mahākaccāno”ti.
315. “‘Seyyathāpi, āvuso, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkammeva mūlaṃ atikkamma khandhaṃ sākhāpalāse sāraṃ pariyesitabbaṃ maññeyya, evaṃ sampadamidaṃ āyasmantānaṃ satthari sammukhībhūte taṃ bhagavantaṃ atisitvā amhe etamatthaṃ paṭipucchitabbaṃ maññatha. So hāvuso, bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati, cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī tathāgato. So ceva panetassa kālo ahosi yaṃ bhagavantaṃyeva etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha; yathā vo bhagavā byākareyya tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā’”ti. ‘Addhāvuso kaccāna, bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati, cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī tathāgato. So ceva panetassa kālo ahosi yaṃ bhagavantaṃyeva etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāma; yathā no bhagavā byākareyya tathā naṃ dhāreyyāma. Api cāyasmā mahākaccāno satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā mahākaccāno imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Vibhajatāyasmā mahākaccāno agaruṃ karitvā’ti. ‘Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’ti. ‘Evamāvuso’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahākaccānassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā mahākaccāno etadavoca–
‘Yaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho– tathā tathā, bhikkhave, bhikkhu upaparikkheyya, yathā yathā upaparikkhato bahiddhā cassa viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭaṃ ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitaṃ anupādāya na paritasseyya, bahiddhā, bhikkhave, viññāṇe avikkhitte avisaṭe sati ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhite anupādāya aparitassato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇadukkhasamudayasambhavo na hotī’ti. Imassa kho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi.
316. “Kathañcāvuso, bahiddhā viññāṇaṃ vikkhittaṃ visaṭanti vuccati? Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā rūpanimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti rūpanimittassādagadhitaṃ rūpanimittassādavinibandhaṃ rūpanimittassāda-saṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ bahiddhā viññāṇaṃ vikkhittaṃ visaṭanti vuccati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā …pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya dhammanimittānusārī viññāṇaṃ hoti; dhammanimittassādagadhitaṃ dhammanimittassādavinibandhaṃ dhammanimitta-ssādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ bahiddhā viññāṇaṃ vikkhittaṃ visaṭanti vuccati. Evaṃ kho āvuso, bahiddhā viññāṇaṃ vikkhittaṃ visaṭanti vuccati.
317. “Kathañcāvuso, bahiddhā viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭanti vuccati Idhāvuso, bhikkhuno cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na rūpanimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti rūpanimittassādagadhitaṃ na rūpanimittassādavinibandhaṃ na rūpanimittassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ bahiddhā viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭanti vuccati Sotena saddaṃ sutvā …pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na dhammanimittānusārī viññāṇaṃ hoti na dhammanimittassādagadhitaṃ na dhammanimittassādavinibandhaṃ na dhammanimittassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ bahiddhā viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭanti vuccati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bahiddhā viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭanti vuccati.
318. “Kathañcāvuso, ajjhattaṃ saṇṭhitanti vuccati? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Tassa vivekajapītisukhānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti vivekajapītisukhassādagadhitaṃ vivekajapītisukhassādavinibandhaṃ vivekajapītisukhassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ saṇṭhitanti vuccati.
“Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Tassa samādhijapītisukhānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti samādhijapītisukhassādagadhitaṃ samādhijapītisukhassādavinibandhaṃ samādhijapītisukhassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ saṇṭhitanti vuccati.
“Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti– ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Tassa upekkhānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti upekkhāsukhassādagadhitaṃ upekkhāsukhassādavinibandhaṃ upekkhāsukhassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ saṇṭhitanti vuccati.
“Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Tassa adukkhamasukhānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti adukkhamasukhassādagadhitaṃ adukkhamasukhassādavinibandhaṃ adukkhamasukhassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ saṇṭhitanti vuccati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ajjhattaṃ saṇṭhitanti vuccati.
319. “Kathañcāvuso ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitanti vuccati? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi …pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Tassa na vivekajapītisukhānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti na vivekajapītisukhassādagadhitaṃ na vivekajapītisukhassādavinibandhaṃ na vivekajapītisukhassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ asaṇṭhitanti vuccati.
“Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā …pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Tassa na samādhijapītisukhānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti na samādhijapītisukhassādagadhitaṃ na samādhijapītisukhassādavinibandhaṃ na samādhijapītisukhassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ asaṇṭhitanti vuccati
“Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Tassa na upekkhānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti na upekkhāsukhassādagadhitaṃ na upekkhāsukhassādavinibandhaṃ na upekkhāsukhassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ asaṇṭhitanti vuccati.
“Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Tassa na adukkhamasukhānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti na adukkhamasukhassādagadhitaṃ na adukkhamasukhassādavinibandhaṃ na adukkhamasukhassādasaṃyojanasaṃyuttaṃ ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ asaṇṭhitanti vuccati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitanti vuccati.
320. “Kathañcāvuso, anupādā paritassanā hoti? Idhāvuso, assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ attani vā rūpaṃ rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Tassa taṃ rūpaṃ vipariṇamati, aññathā hoti. Tassa rūpavipariṇāmaññathābhāvā rūpavipariṇāmānuparivatti viññāṇaṃ hoti. Tassa rūpavipariṇāmānuparivattajā paritassanā dhammasamuppādā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. Cetaso pariyādānā uttāsavā ca hoti vighātavā ca apekkhavā ca anupādāya ca paritassati. Vedanaṃ …pe… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ attani vā viññāṇaṃ viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Tassa taṃ viññāṇaṃ vipariṇamati, aññathā hoti. Tassa viññāṇavipariṇāmaññathābhāvā viññāṇavipariṇāmānuparivatti viññāṇaṃ hoti. Tassa viññāṇavipariṇāmānuparivattajā paritassanā dhammasamuppādā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. Cetaso pariyādānā uttāsavā ca hoti vighātavā ca apekkhavā ca anupādāya ca paritassati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anupādā paritassanā hoti.
321. “Kathañcāvuso, anupādānā aparitassanā hoti? Idhāvuso, sutavā ariyasāvako ariyānaṃ dassāvī ariyadhammassa kovido ariyadhamme suvinīto sappurisānaṃ dassāvī sappurisadhammassa kovido sappurisadhamme suvinīto na rūpaṃ attato samanupassati na rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ na attani vā rūpaṃ na rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Tassa taṃ rūpaṃ vipariṇamati, aññathā hoti. Tassa rūpavipariṇāmaññathābhāvā na ca rūpavipariṇāmānuparivatti viññāṇaṃ hoti. Tassa na rūpavipariṇāmānuparivattajā paritassanā dhammasamuppādā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. Cetaso pariyādānā na cevuttāsavā hoti na ca vighātavā na ca apekkhavā anupādāya ca na paritassati. Na vedanaṃ… na saññaṃ… na saṅkhāre… na viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati na viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ na attani vā viññāṇaṃ na viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Tassa taṃ viññāṇaṃ vipariṇamati, aññathā hoti. Tassa viññāṇavipariṇāmaññathābhāvā na ca viññāṇavipariṇāmānuparivatti viññāṇaṃ hoti. Tassa na viññāṇavipariṇāmānuparivattajā paritassanā dhammasamuppādā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. Cetaso pariyādānā na cevuttāsavā hoti na ca vighātavā na ca apekkhavā, anupādāya ca na paritassati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anupādā aparitassanā hoti.
“Yaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho– ‘tathā tathā, bhikkhave, bhikkhu upaparikkheyya yathā yathā upaparikkhato bahiddhā cassa viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭaṃ, ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitaṃ anupādāya na paritasseyya. Bahiddhā, bhikkhave, viññāṇe avikkhitte avisaṭe sati ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhite anupādāya aparitassato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇadukkhasamudayasambhavo na hotī’ti. Imassa kho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Ākaṅkhamānā ca pana tumhe āyasmanto bhagavantaṃyeva upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha; yathā vo bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā”ti.
322. Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahākaccānassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ –
“Yaṃ kho no, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho– ‘tathā tathā, bhikkhave, bhikkhu upaparikkheyya yathā yathā upaparikkhato bahiddhā cassa viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭaṃ, ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitaṃ anupādāya na paritasseyya. Bahiddhā, bhikkhave, viññāṇe avikkhitte avisaṭe sati ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhite anupādāya aparitassato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇadukkhasamudayasambhavo na hotī’”ti.
“Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ, acirapakkantassa bhagavato, etadahosi– ‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – tathā tathā, bhikkhave, bhikkhu upaparikkheyya, yathā yathā upaparikkhato bahiddhā cassa viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭaṃ, ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitaṃ anupādāya na paritasseyya. Bahiddhā, bhikkhave, viññāṇe avikkhitte avisaṭe sati ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhite anupādāya aparitassato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇadukkhasamudayasambhavo na hotīti. Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā’ti? Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ etadahosi– ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā mahākaccāno satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā mahākaccāno imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ti.
“Atha kho mayaṃ, bhante, yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkamimha; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipucchimha. Tesaṃ no, bhante, āyasmatā mahākaccānena imehi ākārehi imehi padehi imehi byañjanehi attho vibhatto”ti.
“Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, mahākaccāno; mahāpañño, bhikkhave, mahākaccāno. Maṃ cepi tumhe, bhikkhave, etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, ahampi evamevaṃ byākareyyaṃ yathā taṃ mahākaccānena byākataṃ. Eso cevetassa attho. Evañca naṃ dhāreyyāthā”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
Uddesavibhaṅgasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.