第一千一百一十七章 洛摩沙康基亚一夜贤者经
中部134经/洛摩沙康基亚一夜贤者经(分别品[14])
这是我亲身听闻到的:一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。当时,尊者洛摩沙康基亚住在迦毗罗卫城尼拘律园。
那时,天子月光在深夜时分,以殊胜容色照亮整个尼拘律园,来到尊者洛摩沙康基亚所在之处。来到后,站在一旁。站在一旁的天子月光对尊者洛摩沙康基亚说:"比丘,你记得一夜贤者的概要和详解吗?"
"朋友,我不记得一夜贤者的概要和详解。朋友,你记得一夜贤者的概要和详解吗?"
"比丘,我也不记得一夜贤者的概要和详解。比丘,你记得一夜贤者的偈颂吗?"
"朋友,我不记得一夜贤者的偈颂。朋友,你记得一夜贤者的偈颂吗?"
"比丘,我记得一夜贤者的偈颂。"
"朋友,你是如何记得一夜贤者的偈颂的?"
"比丘,有一次世尊住在三十三天的圆生树下黄金石上。在那里,世尊为三十三天诸神宣说了一夜贤者的概要和详解:
'不应追忆过去,不应期盼未来,
过去已经逝去,未来尚未到来。
现在此处正观察,当下如实洞见,
坚定不移不动摇,智者应当修习。
今日当勤精进修,谁知明日即死亡?
我们无法与死神,及其大军讨价还价。
如是昼夜勤修行,不懈怠住于正念,
圣者称之为贤者,度过美好一夜者。'
比丘,这就是我记得的一夜贤者偈颂。比丘,你应当学习一夜贤者的概要和详解;比丘,你应当精通一夜贤者的概要和详解;比丘,你应当记住一夜贤者的概要和详解。比丘,一夜贤者的概要和详解与义理相应,是梵行的基础(梵行解释:清净的修行,一般指修行八正道)。"
天子月光说了这些话后,就在那里消失了。
于是,尊者洛摩沙康基亚在那夜过后,收拾住处,携带衣钵,向舍卫城出发游行。他逐步游行,来到舍卫城祇树给孤独园世尊所在之处。来到后,礼敬世尊,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者洛摩沙康基亚对世尊说:
"世尊,有一次我住在迦毗罗卫城尼拘律园。那时,世尊,一位天子在深夜时分,以殊胜容色照亮整个尼拘律园,来到我所在之处。来到后,站在一旁。站在一旁的那位天子对我说:'比丘,你记得一夜贤者的概要和详解吗?'我这样回答那位天子:'朋友,我不记得一夜贤者的概要和详解。朋友,你记得一夜贤者的概要和详解吗?''比丘,我也不记得一夜贤者的概要和详解。比丘,你记得一夜贤者的偈颂吗?''朋友,我不记得一夜贤者的偈颂。朋友,你记得一夜贤者的偈颂吗?''比丘,我记得一夜贤者的偈颂。''朋友,你是如何记得一夜贤者的偈颂的?'
'比丘,有一次世尊住在三十三天的圆生树下黄金石上(三十三天解释:六欲天之一。又作忉利天。于佛教之宇宙观中,此天位居欲界第二天之须弥山顶上,四面各为八万由旬,山顶之四隅各有一峰,高五百由旬,由金刚手药叉神守护此天。中央之宫殿(善见城)为帝释天所住,城外周围有四苑,是诸天众游乐之处。城之东北有圆生树,花开妙香薰远,城之西南有善法堂,诸天众群聚于此,评论法理。四方各有八城,加中央一城,合为三十三天城。据正法念经卷二十五载,佛母摩耶夫人命终后登入此天,佛乃至忉利天为母说法三个月。三十三天及焰摩天之信仰,早于印度吠陀时代即已盛行)。在那里,世尊为三十三天诸神宣说了一夜贤者的概要和详解:
'不应追忆过去...(中略)...
圣者称之为贤者,度过美好一夜者。'
比丘,这就是我记得的一夜贤者偈颂。比丘,你应当学习一夜贤者的概要和详解;比丘,你应当精通一夜贤者的概要和详解;比丘,你应当记住一夜贤者的概要和详解。比丘,一夜贤者的概要和详解与义理相应,是梵行的基础。'
世尊,那位天子说了这些话后,就在那里消失了。善哉,世尊,请为我宣说一夜贤者的概要和详解。"
"比丘,你知道那位天子是谁吗?"
"世尊,我不知道那位天子是谁。"
"比丘,那位天子名叫月光。比丘,天子月光专注、用心、全神贯注、倾听法义。那么比丘,你要仔细听,好好作意,我将宣说。"
"是的,世尊。"尊者洛摩沙康基亚回答世尊。世尊如此说:
"不应追忆过去,不应期盼未来,
过去已经逝去,未来尚未到来。
现在此处正观察,当下如实洞见,
坚定不移不动摇,智者应当修习。
今日当勤精进修,谁知明日即死亡?
我们无法与死神,及其大军讨价还价。
如是昼夜勤修行,不懈怠住于正念,
圣者称之为贤者,度过美好一夜者。
比丘,怎样追忆过去?...(中略)...比丘,这就是如何不追忆过去。比丘,怎样期盼未来?...(中略)...比丘,这就是如何不期盼未来。比丘,怎样在现在诸法中动摇?...(中略)...比丘,这就是如何在现在诸法中不动摇。
不应追忆过去,不应期盼未来,
过去已经逝去,未来尚未到来。
现在此处正观察,当下如实洞见,
坚定不移不动摇,智者应当修习。
今日当勤精进修,谁知明日即死亡?
我们无法与死神,及其大军讨价还价。
如是昼夜勤修行,不懈怠住于正念,
圣者称之为贤者,度过美好一夜者。"
世尊说了这些。尊者洛摩沙康基亚欢喜,随喜世尊所说。
洛摩沙康基亚一夜贤者经第四终。
巴利语原版经文
MN.134/(4) Lomasakaṅgiyabhaddekarattasuttaṃ
286. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā lomasakaṅgiyo sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho candano devaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ nigrodhārāmaṃ obhāsetvā yenāyasmā lomasakaṅgiyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho candano devaputto āyasmantaṃ lomasakaṅgiyaṃ etadavoca– “dhāresi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā”ti? “Na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā”ti? “Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Dhāresi pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattiyo gāthā”ti? “Na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā”ti? “Dhāremi kho ahaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattiyo gāthā”ti. “Yathā kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, āvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā”ti? “Ekamidaṃ, bhikkhu, samayaṃ bhagavā devesu tāvatiṃsesu viharati pāricchattakamūle paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ. Tatra bhagavā devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca abhāsi–
“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ;
Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.
“Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;
Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.
“Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.
“Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī”ti.
“Evaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhu, dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā. Uggaṇhāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; pariyāpuṇāhi tvaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; dhārehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Atthasaṃhito, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddeso ca vibhaṅgo ca ādibrahmacariyako”ti. Idamavoca candano devaputto. Idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
287. Atha kho āyasmā lomasakaṅgiyo tassā rattiyā accayena senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena sāvatthi jetavanaṃ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā lomasakaṅgiyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–
“Ekamidāhaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ sakkesu viharāmi kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho, bhante, aññataro devaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ nigrodhārāmaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho, bhante, so devaputto maṃ etadavoca– ‘dhāresi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā’ti? Evaṃ vutte ahaṃ, bhante, taṃ devaputtaṃ etadavocaṃ– ‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā’ti? ‘Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Dhāresi pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’ti? ‘Na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’ti? ‘Dhāremi kho ahaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’ti. ‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tvaṃ, āvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’ti? Ekamidaṃ, bhikkhu, samayaṃ bhagavā devesu tāvatiṃsesu viharati pāricchattakamūle paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ Tatra kho bhagavā devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca abhāsi–
“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya …pe…
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī”ti.
“Evaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhu, dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā. Uggaṇhāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; pariyāpuṇāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; dhārehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Atthasaṃhito, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddeso ca vibhaṅgo ca ādibrahmacariyako’ti. Idamavoca, bhante, so devaputto; idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi. Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca desetū”ti.
288. “Jānāsi pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, taṃ devaputtan”ti? “Na kho ahaṃ, bhante, jānāmi taṃ devaputtan”ti. “Candano nāma so, bhikkhu, devaputto. Candano, bhikkhu, devaputto aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasikatvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti. Tena hi, bhikkhu, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā lomasakaṅgiyo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca–
“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ;
Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.
“Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;
Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.
“Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.
“Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate muni”.
“Kathañca, bhikkhu, atītaṃ anvāgameti …pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, atītaṃ anvāgameti. Kathañca bhikkhu, atītaṃ nānvāgameti …pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, atītaṃ nānvāgameti. Kathañca, bhikkhu, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati …pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati. Kathañca, bhikkhu, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati …pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati. Kathañca, bhikkhu, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati …pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati. Kathañca, bhikkhu, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati …pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati.
“Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ;
Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.
“Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;
Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.
“Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.
“Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā lomasakaṅgiyo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Lomasakaṅgiyabhaddekarattasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.