第一千一百零四章 小空经
3.空品
中部121经/小空经(空品[13])
这是我亲身听闻到的:一时,世尊住在舍卫城东园鹿母讲堂。
那时,尊者阿难在傍晚结束禅修后,来到世尊所在之处。到达后,向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者阿难对世尊说:
"尊者,有一次世尊住在释迦族的一个名叫那伽拉卡的村庄。在那里,我亲耳听到,亲自领受世尊说:'阿难啊,我现在常常安住于空性之中。'尊者,我是否正确地听闻、领受、作意、忆持了这话?"
"确实如此,阿难,你正确地听闻、领受、作意、忆持了。过去如此,现在我也常常安住于空性之中。阿难,就像这鹿母讲堂空无象、牛、马、骡,空无金银,空无男女聚集,但不空的是:依比丘僧团而有的这唯一性。
同样地,阿难,比丘不作意村庄的想法,不作意人的想法,而作意林野的想法,专注于此唯一性。他的心倾向于林野的想法,清净、安住、确立、解脱。他了知:'依村庄想法而有的烦恼在此不存在,依人的想法而有的烦恼在此不存在,唯有依林野想法而有的这唯一性所产生的些许烦恼。'他了知:'这想法中没有村庄想法',他了知:'这想法中没有人的想法',他了知:'存在的是依林野想法而有的这唯一性。'这样,对于不存在的,他视之为空;对于剩余存在的,他了知'这是存在的'。阿难,这就是他如实不颠倒的清净空性体证。
再者,阿难,比丘不作意人的想法,不作意林野的想法,而作意地想,专注于此唯一性。他的心倾向于地想,清净、安住、确立、解脱。阿难,就像被百针除皱的公牛皮,没有皱褶;同样地,阿难,比丘对这地上的高低、河流险阻、树桩荆棘之处、山丘不平之处,都不作意,而作意地想,专注于此唯一性。他的心倾向于地想,清净、安住、确立、解脱。他了知:'依人的想法而有的烦恼在此不存在,依林野想法而有的烦恼在此不存在,唯有依地想而有的这唯一性所产生的些许烦恼。'他了知:'这想法中没有人的想法',他了知:'这想法中没有林野的想法',他了知:'存在的是依地想而有的这唯一性。'这样,对于不存在的,他视之为空;对于剩余存在的,他了知'这是存在的'。阿难,这也是他如实不颠倒的清净空性体证。
再者,阿难,比丘不作意林野的想法,不作意地想,而作意空无边处想(空无边处解释,见第一百五十五章),专注于此唯一性。他的心倾向于空无边处想,清净、安住、确立、解脱。他了知:'依林野想法而有的烦恼在此不存在,依地想而有的烦恼在此不存在,唯有依空无边处想而有的这唯一性所产生的些许烦恼。'他了知:'这想法中没有林野的想法',他了知:'这想法中没有地想',他了知:'存在的是依空无边处想而有的这唯一性。'这样,对于不存在的,他视之为空;对于剩余存在的,他了知'这是存在的'。阿难,这也是他如实不颠倒的清净空性体证。
再者,阿难,比丘不作意地想,不作意空无边处想,而作意识无边处想(识无边处解释,见第一百五十五章),专注于此唯一性。他的心倾向于识无边处想,清净、安住、确立、解脱。他了知:'依地想而有的烦恼在此不存在,依空无边处想而有的烦恼在此不存在,唯有依识无边处想而有的这唯一性所产生的些许烦恼。'他了知:'这想法中没有地想',他了知:'这想法中没有空无边处想',他了知:'存在的是依识无边处想而有的这唯一性。'这样,对于不存在的,他视之为空;对于剩余存在的,他了知'这是存在的'。阿难,这也是他如实不颠倒的清净空性体证。
再者,阿难,比丘不作意空无边处想,不作意识无边处想,而作意无所有处想(无所有处解释,见第一百五十五章),专注于此唯一性。他的心倾向于无所有处想,清净、安住、确立、解脱。他了知:'依空无边处想而有的烦恼在此不存在,依识无边处想而有的烦恼在此不存在,唯有依无所有处想而有的这唯一性所产生的些许烦恼。'他了知:'这想法中没有空无边处想',他了知:'这想法中没有识无边处想',他了知:'存在的是依无所有处想而有的这唯一性。'这样,对于不存在的,他视之为空;对于剩余存在的,他了知'这是存在的'。阿难,这也是他如实不颠倒的清净空性体证。
再者,阿难,比丘不作意识无边处想,不作意无所有处想,而作意非想非非想处想(非想非非想处解释,见第一百五十五章),专注于此唯一性。他的心倾向于非想非非想处想,清净、安住、确立、解脱。他了知:'依识无边处想而有的烦恼在此不存在,依无所有处想而有的烦恼在此不存在,唯有依非想非非想处想而有的这唯一性所产生的些许烦恼。'他了知:'这想法中没有识无边处想',他了知:'这想法中没有无所有处想',他了知:'存在的是依非想非非想处想而有的这唯一性。'这样,对于不存在的,他视之为空;对于剩余存在的,他了知'这是存在的'。阿难,这也是他如实不颠倒的清净空性体证。
再者,阿难,比丘不作意无所有处想,不作意非想非非想处想,而作意无相心定(无相定解释,见第二百七十八章),专注于此唯一性。他的心倾向于无相心定,清净、安住、确立、解脱。他了知:'依无所有处想而有的烦恼在此不存在,依非想非非想处想而有的烦恼在此不存在,唯有依此身体及六处而有的、缘生命而有的些许烦恼。'他了知:'这想法中没有无所有处想',他了知:'这想法中没有非想非非想处想',他了知:'存在的唯有依此身体及六处而有的、缘生命而有的。'这样,对于不存在的,他视之为空;对于剩余存在的,他了知'这是存在的'。阿难,这也是他如实不颠倒的清净空性体证。
再者,阿难,比丘不作意无所有处想,不作意非想非非想处想,而作意无相心定,专注于此唯一性。他的心倾向于无相心定,清净、安住、确立、解脱。他了知:'这无相心定也是被造作的、思虑的。任何被造作的、思虑的都是无常的、灭法(无常解释:随时在变化,无法永恒存在,无法永远保持不变)。'当他如是知、如是见时,他的心从欲漏解脱,从有漏解脱,从无明漏解脱(欲漏解释:欲望,贪欲的烦恼;有漏解释:存在,有执着的烦恼;无明漏解释:无知的烦恼)。在解脱时,有"已解脱"的智。他了知:"生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,不受后有(梵行解释:清净的修行,一般指修行八正道)。"他了知:'依欲漏而有的烦恼在此不存在,依有漏而有的烦恼在此不存在,依无明漏而有的烦恼在此不存在,唯有依此身体及六处而有的、缘生命而有的些许烦恼(六处解释,见第四十九章)。'他了知:'这想法中没有欲漏',他了知:'这想法中没有有漏',他了知:'这想法中没有无明漏',他了知:'存在的唯有依此身体及六处而有的、缘生命而有的。'这样,对于不存在的,他视之为空;对于剩余存在的,他了知'这是存在的'。阿难,这就是他如实不颠倒的清净、至上、无上的空性体证。
阿难,过去的沙门、婆罗门(沙门解释:出家修行人;婆罗门解释:意译净行、梵行、梵志、承习。印度四姓中,最上位之僧侣、学者阶级。为古印度一切知识之垄断者,自认为印度社会之最胜种姓),凡是住于清净、至上、无上的空性者,都是住于这同样的清净、至上、无上的空性。未来的沙门、婆罗门,凡是将住于清净、至上、无上的空性者,也都将住于这同样的清净、至上、无上的空性。现在的沙门、婆罗门,凡是住于清净、至上、无上的空性者,也都是住于这同样的清净、至上、无上的空性。因此,阿难,你们应当如此学习:'我们将住于清净、至上、无上的空性。'"
世尊如是说。尊者阿难欢喜、赞叹世尊所说。
小空经终。
巴利语原版经文
3. Suññatavaggo
MN.121/(1) Cūḷasuññatasuttaṃ
176. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Atha kho āyasmā ānando sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati nagarakaṃ nāma sakyānaṃ nigamo. Tattha me, bhante, bhagavato sammukhā sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ– ‘suññatāvihārenāhaṃ, ānanda, etarahi bahulaṃ viharāmī’ti. Kacci metaṃ, bhante, sussutaṃ suggahitaṃ sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritan”ti? “Taggha te etaṃ, ānanda, sussutaṃ suggahitaṃ sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ. Pubbepāhaṃ, ānanda, etarahipi suññatāvihārena bahulaṃ viharāmi. Seyyathāpi, ānanda, ayaṃ migāramātupāsādo suñño hatthigavassavaḷavena, suñño jātarūparajatena, suñño itthipurisasannipātena atthi cevidaṃ asuññataṃ yadidaṃ– bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṭicca ekattaṃ; evameva kho, ānanda, bhikkhu amanasikaritvā gāmasaññaṃ, amanasikaritvā manussasaññaṃ, araññasaññaṃ paṭicca manasi karoti ekattaṃ Tassa araññasaññāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati. So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘ye assu darathā gāmasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, ye assu darathā manussasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, atthi cevāyaṃ darathamattā yadidaṃ– araññasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. So ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ gāmasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ manussasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘atthi cevidaṃ asuññataṃ yadidaṃ– araññasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. Iti yañhi kho tattha na hoti tena taṃ suññaṃ samanupassati, yaṃ pana tattha avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti taṃ ‘santamidaṃ atthī’”ti pajānāti. Evampissa esā, ānanda, yathābhuccā avipallatthā parisuddhā suññatāvakkanti bhavati.
177. “Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu amanasikaritvā manussasaññaṃ, amanasikaritvā araññasaññaṃ, pathavīsaññaṃ paṭicca manasi karoti ekattaṃ. Tassa pathavīsaññāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati. Seyyathāpi, ānanda, āsabhacammaṃ saṅkusatena suvihataṃ vigatavalikaṃ; evameva kho, ānanda, bhikkhu yaṃ imissā pathaviyā ukkūlavikkūlaṃ nadīviduggaṃ khāṇukaṇṭakaṭṭhānaṃ pabbatavisamaṃ taṃ sabbaṃ amanasikaritvā pathavīsaññaṃ paṭicca manasi karoti ekattaṃ. Tassa pathavīsaññāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati. So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘ye assu darathā manussasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, ye assu darathā araññasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, atthi cevāyaṃ darathamattā yadidaṃ– pathavīsaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. So ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ manussasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ araññasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘atthi cevidaṃ asuññataṃ yadidaṃ– pathavīsaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. Iti yañhi kho tattha na hoti tena taṃ suññaṃ samanupassati, yaṃ pana tattha avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti taṃ ‘santamidaṃ atthī’ti pajānāti. Evampissa esā, ānanda, yathābhuccā avipallatthā parisuddhā suññatāvakkanti bhavati.
178. “Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu amanasikaritvā araññasaññaṃ, amanasikaritvā pathavīsaññaṃ, ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca manasi karoti ekattaṃ. Tassa ākāsānañcāyatanasaññāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati. So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘ye assu darathā araññasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, ye assu darathā pathavīsaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, atthi cevāyaṃ darathamattā yadidaṃ– ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. So ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ araññasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ pathavīsaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘atthi cevidaṃ asuññataṃ yadidaṃ– ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. Iti yañhi kho tattha na hoti tena taṃ suññaṃ samanupassati, yaṃ pana tattha avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti taṃ ‘santamidaṃ atthī’ti pajānāti. Evampissa esā, ānanda yathābhuccā avipallatthā parisuddhā suññatāvakkanti bhavati.
179. “Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu amanasikaritvā pathavīsaññaṃ, amanasikaritvā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ, viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca manasi karoti ekattaṃ. Tassa viññāṇañcāyatanasaññāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati. So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘ye assu darathā pathavīsaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, ye assu darathā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, atthi cevāyaṃ darathamattā yadidaṃ– viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. So ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ pathavīsaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ ākāsānañcāyatanasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘atthi cevidaṃ asuññataṃ yadidaṃ– viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. Iti yañhi kho tattha na hoti tena taṃ suññaṃ samanupassati, yaṃ pana tattha avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti taṃ ‘santamidaṃ atthī’ti pajānāti. Evampissa esā, ānanda, yathābhuccā avipallatthā parisuddhā suññatāvakkanti bhavati.
180. “Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu amanasikaritvā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ, amanasikaritvā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ, ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca manasi karoti ekattaṃ. Tassa ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati. So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘ye assu darathā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, ye assu darathā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, atthi cevāyaṃ darathamattā yadidaṃ– ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. So ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ ākāsānañcāyatanasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ viññāṇañcāyatanasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘atthi cevidaṃ asuññataṃ yadidaṃ– ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. Iti yañhi kho tattha na hoti tena taṃ suññaṃ samanupassati, yaṃ pana tattha avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti taṃ ‘santamidaṃ atthī’ti pajānāti. Evampissa esā, ānanda, yathābhuccā avipallatthā parisuddhā suññatāvakkanti bhavati.
181. “Puna caparaṃ, ānanda bhikkhu amanasikaritvā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ, amanasikaritvā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca manasi karoti ekattaṃ. Tassa nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññāya cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati. So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘ye assu darathā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, ye assu darathā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, atthi cevāyaṃ darathamattā yadidaṃ– nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti. So ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ viññāṇañcāyatanasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘atthi cevidaṃ asuññataṃ yadidaṃ– nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca ekattan’ti Iti yañhi kho tattha na hoti tena taṃ suññaṃ samanupassati, yaṃ pana tattha avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti taṃ ‘santamidaṃ atthī’ti pajānāti. Evampissa esā, ānanda, yathābhuccā avipallatthā parisuddhā suññatāvakkanti bhavati.
182. “Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu amanasikaritvā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ, amanasikaritvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññaṃ, animittaṃ cetosamādhiṃ paṭicca manasi karoti ekattaṃ. Tassa animitte cetosamādhimhi cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati. So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘ye assu darathā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, ye assu darathā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, atthi cevāyaṃ darathamattā yadidaṃ– imameva kāyaṃ paṭicca saḷāyatanikaṃ jīvitapaccayā’ti So ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññāyā’ti pajānāti, ‘atthi cevidaṃ asuññataṃ yadidaṃ– imameva kāyaṃ paṭicca saḷāyatanikaṃ jīvitapaccayā’ti. Iti yañhi kho tattha na hoti tena taṃ suññaṃ samanupassati, yaṃ pana tattha avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti taṃ ‘santamidaṃ atthī’ti pajānāti. Evampissa esā, ānanda, yathābhuccā avipallatthā parisuddhā suññatāvakkanti bhavati.
183. “Puna caparaṃ, ānanda, bhikkhu amanasikaritvā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ, amanasikaritvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññaṃ, animittaṃ cetosamādhiṃ paṭicca manasi karoti ekattaṃ. Tassa animitte cetosamādhimhi cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati adhimuccati. So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘ayampi kho animitto cetosamādhi abhisaṅkhato abhisañcetayito’. ‘Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamman’ti pajānāti. Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. So evaṃ pajānāti– ‘ye assu darathā kāmāsavaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, ye assu darathā bhavāsavaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, ye assu darathā avijjāsavaṃ paṭicca tedha na santi, atthi cevāyaṃ darathamattā yadidaṃ– imameva kāyaṃ paṭicca saḷāyatanikaṃ jīvitapaccayā’ti. So ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ kāmāsavenā’ti pajānāti, ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ bhavāsavenā’ti pajānāti, ‘suññamidaṃ saññāgataṃ avijjāsavenā’ti pajānāti, ‘atthi cevidaṃ asuññataṃ yadidaṃ– imameva kāyaṃ paṭicca saḷāyatanikaṃ jīvitapaccayā’ti. Iti yañhi kho tattha na hoti tena taṃ suññaṃ samanupassati, yaṃ pana tattha avasiṭṭhaṃ hoti taṃ ‘santamidaṃ atthī’ti pajānāti. Evampissa esā, ānanda, yathābhuccā avipallatthā parisuddhā paramānuttarā suññatāvakkanti bhavati.
184. “Yepi hi keci, ānanda, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā parisuddhaṃ paramānuttaraṃ suññataṃ upasampajja vihariṃsu, sabbe te imaṃyeva parisuddhaṃ paramānuttaraṃ suññataṃ upasampajja vihariṃsu. Yepi hi keci, ānanda, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā parisuddhaṃ paramānuttaraṃ suññataṃ upasampajja viharissanti, sabbe te imaṃyeva parisuddhaṃ paramānuttaraṃ suññataṃ upasampajja viharissanti. Yepi hi keci, ānanda, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā parisuddhaṃ paramānuttaraṃ suññataṃ upasampajja viharanti, sabbe te imaṃyeva parisuddhaṃ paramānuttaraṃ suññataṃ upasampajja viharanti. Tasmātiha, ānanda, ‘parisuddhaṃ paramānuttaraṃ suññataṃ upasampajja viharissāmā’ti – evañhi vo, ānanda, sikkhitabban”ti.
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
Cūḷasuññatasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ paṭhamaṃ.