相应部1相应35经 抱怨之天神经
相应部1相应35经/抱怨之天神经(诸天相应/有偈篇/祇夜)
有一次,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,深夜时分,许多抱怨之天神以绝妙容色照亮整个祇园,来到世尊跟前。来到后,站在空中。站在空中的一位天神在世尊面前说了这首偈颂:
"若人自身一种样,却向他人另一说,
如同骗子行欺诈,偷食他人之所有。
应做之事才可说,不为之事莫妄言,
智者能知不行者,空谈之人之本性。"
世尊说:
"非仅言说或听闻,
便能践行此坚道。
智者以禅修解脱,
摆脱魔罗之束缚。
智者明了世间法,
不再造作诸恶业。
了悟寂静得解脱,
度越世间诸贪爱。"
然后那些天神降落地面,以头礼敬世尊双足,对世尊如是说:"尊者,我们犯了过错,如愚如痴如不善,竟敢冒犯世尊。请世尊接受我们的忏悔,为了将来的约束。"
这时,世尊露出微笑。那些天神更加不满,升到空中。一位天神在世尊面前说了这首偈颂:
"若人不接受,
他人之忏悔,
心怀瞋恚者,
必将结新怨。"
世尊说:
"若无过可责,亦无可弃舍,
怨恨不能息,谁堪称善巧?"
天神问:
"谁无可责过?谁无可弃舍?
谁不陷迷妄?谁常住正念?"
世尊答:
"如来佛世尊,慈悯众生者,
他无可责过,亦无可弃舍,
他不陷迷妄,常住于正念。"
天神说:
"若人不接受,他人之忏悔,
心怀瞋恚者,必将结新怨。
我不喜此怨,接受汝忏悔。"
经文背景:这些天神因为不满如来四种必需品的使用,他心想,沙门乔达摩对比丘的粪扫衣、团食、树下住处、腐尿药喜悦、极称赞,自己却穿黄麻布、亚麻布等胜妙衣……。因此被法的结集上座们取其名为抱怨者,挑毛病者。
巴利语原版经文
SN.1.35/(5). Ujjhānasaññisuttaṃ
35. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho sambahulā ujjhānasaññikā devatāyo abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā vehāsaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Vehāsaṃ ṭhitā kho ekā devatā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Aññathā santamattānaṃ, aññathā yo pavedaye;
Nikacca kitavasseva, bhuttaṃ theyyena tassa taṃ.
“Yañhi kayirā tañhi vade, yaṃ na kayirā na taṃ vade;
Akarontaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ, parijānanti paṇḍitā”ti.
“Na yidaṃ bhāsitamattena, ekantasavanena vā;
Anukkamitave sakkā, yāyaṃ paṭipadā daḷhā.
Yāya dhīrā pamuccanti, jhāyino mārabandhanā.
“Na ve dhīrā pakubbanti, viditvā lokapariyāyaṃ.
Aññāya nibbutā dhīrā, tiṇṇā loke visattikan”ti.
Atha kho tā devatāyo pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ– “accayo no, bhante, accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathā-akusalaṃ, yā mayaṃ bhagavantaṃ āsādetabbaṃ amaññimhā. Tāsaṃ no, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā”ti. Atha kho bhagavā sitaṃ pātvākāsi. Atha kho tā devatāyo bhiyyosomattāya ujjhāyantiyo vehāsaṃ abbhuggañchuṃ. Ekā devatā bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Accayaṃ desayantīnaṃ, yo ce na paṭigaṇhati;
Kopantaro dosagaru, sa veraṃ paṭimuñcatī”ti.
“Accayo ce na vijjetha, nocidhāpagataṃ siyā.
Verāni na ca sammeyyuṃ, kenīdha kusalo siyā”ti.
“Kassaccayā na vijjanti, kassa natthi apāgataṃ;
Ko na sammohamāpādi, ko ca dhīro sadā sato”ti.
“Tathāgatassa buddhassa, sabbabhūtānukampino.
Tassaccayā na vijjanti, tassa natthi apāgataṃ.
So na sammohamāpādi, sova dhīro sadā sato”ti.
“Accayaṃ desayantīnaṃ, yo ce na paṭigaṇhati;
Kopantaro dosagaru, sa veraṃ paṭimuñcati.
Taṃ veraṃ nābhinandāmi, paṭiggaṇhāmi voccayan”ti.