中部144经/教诫阐那经(六处品[15])

这是我亲身听闻到的：一时，世尊住在王舍城竹林精舍迦兰陀竹园。

当时，尊者舍利弗、尊者大周陀和尊者阐那住在灵鹫山。那时，尊者阐那病重，痛苦难忍。

于是，尊者舍利弗在傍晚结束禅修后，来到尊者大周陀处，说道："贤友周陀，让我们去看望生病的阐那吧。"大周陀回答说："好的，贤友。"

于是，舍利弗和大周陀一同前往阐那处。到达后，他们与阐那互相问候，寒暄完毕后坐在一旁。

舍利弗对阐那说："贤友阐那，你还能忍受吗？能维持生命吗？痛苦在减轻还是加重？是好转还是恶化？"

阐那回答说："贤友舍利弗，我无法忍受，无法维持。剧烈的痛苦在加重，没有减轻；情况在恶化，没有好转。就像有人用锋利的刀刺我的头顶，又像有人用皮带紧紧勒住我的头，还像屠夫用锋利的刀剖开我的腹部，又像两个壮汉抓住一个弱者放在火炭坑上烧烤。我全身发烫，痛不欲生。舍利弗，我要拿刀自杀，我不想活了。"

舍利弗说："阐那贤友，请不要自杀。你要继续活下去，我们希望你活着。如果你缺乏适当的食物，我会为你寻找。如果你需要药物，我会为你寻找。如果你没有合适的看护，我会亲自照顾你。请不要自杀，继续活下去吧。"

阐那回答说："舍利弗，我不缺食物、药物和看护。我长期以来都恭敬地侍奉佛陀，这对弟子来说是恰当的。舍利弗，请记住，'阐那比丘无可指责地拿刀自杀'。"

舍利弗说："阐那贤友，如果你允许，我想问你几个问题。"

阐那回答："请问吧，舍利弗，我听后会回答的。"

舍利弗问道："阐那，你是否认为眼、眼识及眼识所识知的法是'我所有'、'我是'、'我的自我'（眼识解释，见第一百八十八章；法解释：即是法尘：法尘解释：六尘之一，法尘是意根所缘的境界，意根对前五根所缘的境界，分别好丑，而起善恶诸法，是名法尘。吾人日常动作，虽已过去，而前尘影事，忆念不忘，即是法尘的作用）？耳、鼻、舌、身、意也是如此吗？"

阐那回答说："舍利弗，我不认为眼、眼识及眼识所识知的法是'我所有'、'我是'、'我的自我'。耳、鼻、舌、身、意也是如此。"

舍利弗又问："阐那，你在眼、眼识及眼识所识知的法中，看到了什么，了知了什么，才不认为它们是'我所有'、'我是'、'我的自我'？耳、鼻、舌、身、意也是如此吗？"

阐那回答说："舍利弗，我在眼、眼识及眼识所识知的法中，看到了灭，了知了灭，所以不认为它们是'我所有'、'我是'、'我的自我'。耳、鼻、舌、身、意也是如此。"

这时，大周陀对阐那说："贤友阐那，你应当时刻铭记佛陀的这个教导：'有所依则有动摇，无所依则无动摇。无动摇则有寂静，有寂静则无倾向，无倾向则无来去，无来去则无死生，无死生则无此世、无彼世、无两者之间。这就是苦的止息。'"

舍利弗和大周陀给予阐那这样的教诫后，起身离去。

阐那在他们离开后不久就自杀了。

之后，舍利弗去见佛陀，礼拜后坐在一旁，说："世尊，阐那比丘自杀了。他的去处如何，未来如何？"

佛陀说："舍利弗，阐那不是已当面向你们表明他的无可指责了吗？"

舍利弗说："世尊，在跋耆国有个普巴基拉村，那里有阐那的亲友。"

佛陀说："舍利弗，阐那确实有这些亲友。但我不是因为这个就说他有可指责。舍利弗，只有舍弃这个身体又取得另一个身体的人，我才说他有可指责。阐那比丘没有这样。舍利弗，你要记住，'阐那比丘无可指责地自杀了。'"

世尊如此说。尊者舍利弗欢喜信受世尊之言。

《教诫阐那经》终。

巴利语原版经文

MN.144/(2) Channovādasuttaṃ

　　 389. Evaṃ me sutaṃ– ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmā ca channo gijjhakūṭe pabbate viharanti. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahācundo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahācundaṃ etadavoca– “āyāmāvuso cunda, yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamissāma gilānapucchakā”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā mahācundo āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosi.

　　 Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā channena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca– “kacci te, āvuso channa, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ? Kacci te dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo”ti?

　　 “Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso tiṇhena sikharena muddhani abhimattheyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā muddhani ūhananti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso daḷhena varattakkhaṇḍena sīse sīsaveṭhaṃ dadeyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā sīse sīsavedanā. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā tiṇhena govikantanena kucchiṃ parikanteyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā kucchiṃ parikantanti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dve balavanto purisā dubbalataraṃ purisaṃ nānābāhāsu gahetvā aṅgārakāsuyā santāpeyyuṃ samparitāpeyyuṃ; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimatto kāyasmiṃ ḍāho. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Satthaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, āharissāmi, nāvakaṅkhāmi jīvitan”ti.

　　 390. “Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāma. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhojanāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhesajjāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā, ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmi. Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāmā”ti.

　　 “Napi me, āvuso sāriputta, natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni; napi me natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni; napi me natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā; api cāvuso sāriputta pariciṇṇo me satthā dīgharattaṃ manāpeneva no amanāpena. Etañhi, āvuso sāriputta, sāvakassa patirūpaṃ yaṃ satthāraṃ paricareyya manāpeneva no amanāpena. ‘Anupavajjaṃ channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharissatī’ti evametaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, dhārehī”ti. “Puccheyyāma mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ kañcideva desaṃ, sace āyasmā channo okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā”ti. “Pucchāvuso sāriputta, sutvā vedissāmī”ti.

　　 391. “Cakkhuṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasi? Sotaṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇaṃ …pe… ghānaṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇaṃ… jivhaṃ, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇaṃ kāyaṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇaṃ… manaṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasī”ti?

　　 “Cakkhuṃ, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. Sotaṃ, āvuso sāriputta …pe… ghānaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… jivhaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… kāyaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… manaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī”ti.

　　 392. “Cakkhusmiṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasi? Sotasmiṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇe ghānasmiṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇe… jivhāya, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇe… kāyasmiṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇe… manasmiṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasī”ti?

　　 “Cakkhusmiṃ āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. Sotasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, sotaviññāṇe… ghānasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, ghānaviññāṇe… jivhāya, āvuso sāriputta, jivhāviññāṇe… kāyasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, kāyaviññāṇe… manasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññā manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī”ti.

　　 393. Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca– “tasmātiha, āvuso channa, idampi tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ, niccakappaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ– ‘nissitassa calitaṃ, anissitassa calitaṃ natthi. Calite asati passaddhi, passaddhiyā sati nati na hoti. Natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti. Āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti. Cutūpapāte asati nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena. Esevanto dukkhassā’”ti. Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu.

　　 394. Atha kho āyasmā channo acirapakkante āyasmante ca sāriputte āyasmante ca mahācunde satthaṃ āharesi. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca– “āyasmatā, bhante, channena satthaṃ āharitaṃ. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo”ti? “Nanu te, sāriputta, channena bhikkhunā sammukhāyeva anupavajjatā byākatā”ti? “Atthi, bhante, pubbajiraṃ nāma vajjigāmo. Tatthāyasmato channassa mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulānī”ti. “Honti hete, sāriputta, channassa bhikkhuno mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulāni. Nāhaṃ, sāriputta, ettāvatā ‘sa-upavajjo’ti vadāmi. Yo kho, sāriputta, imañca kāyaṃ nikkhipati aññañca kāyaṃ upādiyati tamahaṃ ‘sa-upavajjo’ti vadāmi. Taṃ channassa bhikkhuno natthi. ‘Anupavajjo channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharesī’ti evametaṃ, sāriputta, dhārehī”ti.

　　 Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.

　　 Channovādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.